WMO recognizes new Arctic temperature record of 38?C
WMO確認北極溫度創(chuàng)38?C新記錄
Weather and Climate Extremes Archive reflects changing climate
天氣與氣候極值檔案庫反映了氣候的變化
A temperature of 38°C (100.4°F) in the Russian town of Verkhoyansk on 20 June 2020 has been recognized as a new Arctic temperature record by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO).
2020年6月20日，俄羅斯小鎮(zhèn)維爾霍揚斯克的溫度達到38°C（100.4°F），世界氣象組織（WMO）確認這為新的北極溫度記錄。
Arctic [?ɑ?kt?k] adj. 北極的 n. 北極
The temperature, more befitting the Mediterranean than the Arctic, was measured at a meteorological observing station during an exceptional and prolonged Siberian heatwave. Average temperatures over Arctic Siberia reached as high as 10°C above normal for much of summer last year, fuelling devastating fires, driving massive sea ice loss and playing a major role in 2020 being one of the three warmest years on record.
在一場異常、持久的西伯利亞熱浪過程中，一個氣象觀測站測到了這一溫度，相較于北極，這個溫度對地中海地區(qū)更適合。去年夏季大部分時間里，西伯利亞北極地區(qū)的平均溫度比正常水平高出10°C，助長了毀滅性的大火，導(dǎo)致海冰大量流失，并在2020年成為有記錄以來三個最暖年份之一中起了重要作用。
Mediterranean [?med?t??re?ni?n] n. 地中海
prolonged [pr??l??d] adj. 長期的
devastating [?dev?ste?t??] adj. 毀滅性的；令人震驚的
“This new Arctic record is one of a series of observations reported to the WMO Archive of Weather and Climate Extremes that sound the alarm bells about our changing climate. In 2020, there was also a new temperature record (18.3°C) for the Antarctic continent,” said WMO Secretary-General Prof. Petteri Taalas.
“這一北極新記錄是向WMO天氣與氣候極值檔案庫報告的一系列觀測數(shù)據(jù)中的一個，這些數(shù)據(jù)敲響了氣候變化的警鐘。2020年，南極大陸也創(chuàng)下了溫度新記錄（18.3°C），”WMO秘書長佩特里·塔拉斯教授說。
“WMO investigators are currently seeking to verify temperature readings of 54.4°C recorded in both 2020 and 2021 in the world’s hottest place, Death Valley in California, and to validate a new reported European temperature record of 48.8°C in the Italian island of Sicily this summer. The WMO Archive of Weather and Climate Extremes has never had so many ongoing simultaneous investigations,” said Prof. Taalas.
“目前，WMO調(diào)查人員正在核實2020和2021年在加利福尼亞州死亡谷這一全球最熱之地記錄到的54.4°C的溫度讀數(shù)，并正在驗證今年夏天新報告的意大利西西里島48.8°C的歐洲溫度紀錄。WMO天氣與氣候極值檔案庫從未有過這么多同時開展的調(diào)查，”塔拉斯教授說。
validate [?v?l?de?t] v. 確認，證實
simultaneous [?s?m(?)l?te?ni?s] adj. 同時的
The Arctic is among the fastest warming regions in the world and is heating more than twice the global average. The extreme temperature and ongoing climate change prompted a WMO panel of experts to add a new climate category “highest recorded temperature at or north of 66.5?, the Arctic Circle” to its international Archive of Weather and Climate Extremes.
北極是世界上升溫最快的地區(qū)之一，其升溫速度是全球平均水平的兩倍以上。在極端溫度和持續(xù)的氣候變化促使下，WMO專家組在其國際天氣與氣候極值檔案庫中增加了一個新的氣候類別：“北極圈66.5?及以北地區(qū)的最高溫度記錄”。
The Archive of Weather and Climate Extremes includes the world’s highest and lowest temperatures, rainfall, heaviest hailstone, longest dry period, maximum gust of wind, longest lightning flash and weather-related mortalities.
天氣與氣候極值檔案庫含有全球最高和最低溫度、降雨量、最重冰雹、最長干旱期、最大陣風(fēng)、最長閃電和與天氣有關(guān)的死亡人數(shù)等類別。
hailstone [?he?lst??n] n. 冰雹
gust [g?st] n. 一陣強風(fēng)
The creation of the new category means that both Polar regions are now represented. Since 2007, the WMO has listed temperature extremes for the Antarctic region (polar regions at or south of 60?S, corresponding to the land and ice shelf areas included in the Antarctic Treaty.
這個新類別的創(chuàng)建意味著兩個極地地區(qū)現(xiàn)在都有涵蓋。WMO自2007年起開始羅列南極地區(qū)（南緯60度及以南的極地地區(qū)，對應(yīng)納入《南極條約》的陸地和冰架地區(qū)）的溫度極值。
Antarctic [?n?tɑ?kt?k] adj. 南極的 n. 南極洲
Verkhoyansk is about 115 kilometres north of the Arctic Circle and the meteorological station has been observing temperatures since 1885. It is located in the northern part of Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), is in a region of Eastern Siberia which has an extreme very harsh dry continental climate (very cold winter and hot summer).
維爾霍揚斯克位于北極圈以北約115公里處，該氣象站自1885年以來一直有溫度觀測。它位于薩哈共和國（雅庫特）北部，是東西伯利亞的一個地區(qū)，具有極端干燥的大陸性氣候（冬季極寒，夏季炎熱）。
“Fundamentally, this investigation highlights the increasing temperatures occurring for a climatically important region of the world. Through continued monitoring and assessment of temperature extremes, we can remain knowledgeable about the changes occurring in this critical region of the world, the polar Arctic,” said Professor Randall Cerveny, Rapporteur of Climate and Weather Extremes for WMO.
“從根本上說，這項調(diào)查強調(diào)了世界上一個重要的氣候區(qū)域正在升溫。通過對極端溫度的持續(xù)監(jiān)測和評估，我們可以不斷了解北極這一重要地區(qū)發(fā)生的變化，”WMO天氣與氣候極值報告員Randall Cerveny教授說。
rapporteur [?r?p???t??(r)] n. 報告員，調(diào)查員
“It highlights the need for sustaining long-term observations which provide us benchmarks of the state of the climate system,” said Prof. Cerveny.
“它強調(diào)了維持長期觀測的必要性，它為我們提供了氣候系統(tǒng)狀態(tài)的基準，”Cerveny教授說。
benchmark [?bent?mɑ?k] n. 衡量基準
Climate Snapshots
氣候快照
As with all WMO evaluations of extremes (e.g., temperature, pressure, wind, etc.), the extremes presented before the WMO for adjudication are ‘snapshots’ of our current climate. It is possible, indeed likely, that greater extremes will occur in the Arctic region in the future. When such observations are made, new WMO evaluation committees will be formed to verify the status of such observations as extremes.
提交WMO核查的極值是當(dāng)前氣候的“快照”，WMO對所有極值（如溫度、壓力、風(fēng)等）的評估也是如此。未來，北極地區(qū)有可能（的確有可能）出現(xiàn)更大的極端事件。此類觀測數(shù)據(jù)出現(xiàn)后，WMO將成立新的評估委員會，核實此類觀測數(shù)據(jù)的極值地位。
adjudication [??d?u?d??ke??n] n. 裁定，審核
snapshot [?sn?p??t] n. 快照，簡況
“The record is clearly indicative of warming across Siberia,” said the noted UK climatologist and committee member Dr Phil Jones.
“這一記錄清楚地表明了整個西伯利亞都在變暖，”委員會成員、英國著名氣候?qū)W家Phil Jones博士說。
climatologist [?kla?m??t?l?d?ist] n. 氣候?qū)W家
"Verifying records of this type is important in having a reliable base of evidence as to how our climate's most extreme extremes are changing,” said Dr Blair Trewin from Australia’s Bureau of Meteorology and another member of the evaluation committee.
“此類記錄的驗證很重要，將讓我們具備可靠的證據(jù)基礎(chǔ)、了解最極端氣候極值的變化方式，”評估委員會的另一位成員、澳大利亞氣象局的Blair Trewin博士說。
