李克強總理出席記者會并回答中外記者提問
Premier Li Keqiang Meets the Press
2022年3月11日上午，十三屆全國人大五次會議在人民大會堂舉行記者會，國務(wù)院總理李克強應(yīng)大會發(fā)言人張業(yè)遂的邀請出席記者會，并回答中外記者提問。
The Fifth Session of the 13th National People’s Congress held a press conference at the Great Hall of the People on the afternoon of March 11, 2022. Premier Li Keqiang met with Chinese and foreign reporters and answered their questions at the invitation of Spokesperson Mr. Zhang Yesui.
記者會開始時，李克強說，感謝記者朋友們在中國兩會期間為報道所作的努力、付出的辛勞。因為疫情關(guān)系，我們繼續(xù)以視頻連線的方式開記者會。我愿意回答記者朋友們提出的問題。
In his opening remarks, Premier Li Keqiang said that he was delighted to meet friends from the media and thanked the journalists for their hard work in covering China’s NPC and CPPCC Sessions. He noted that due to COVID-19 the press conference was again held via video link this year and then opened the floor for questions.
實現(xiàn)5.5%左右的增長，這是在高水平上的穩(wěn)，實質(zhì)上就是進(jìn)，是不容易的，必須有相應(yīng)的宏觀政策支撐。比如財政政策，今年我們降低赤字率到2.8%，赤字比去年少了2000多億元。但與此同時，我們加大了財政支出的力度。那你們會問，錢從哪里來？我在政府工作報告當(dāng)中已經(jīng)說了，我們這兩年可用未用、結(jié)存的中央特定金融機構(gòu)和專營機構(gòu)的利潤，再加上財政預(yù)算穩(wěn)定調(diào)節(jié)基金，新增支出規(guī)模不小于2萬億元，而且增加的規(guī)模主要用來減稅降費，特別是退稅，這相當(dāng)于給登高山的人輸氧。當(dāng)然，我們還有配套的金融、就業(yè)等多項舉措。
We aim to achieve about 5.5 percent growth this year to ensure the steady performance of the Chinese economy at a high level, which is in itself a show of progress. To achieve this goal is not easy, and needs the support of a series of macro policies. Take fiscal policy for example, we have lowered our deficit-to-GDP ratio to 2.8 percent this year, a decrease of more than 200 billion yuan over last year. But we will beef up government spending this year. One may naturally ask, how to pay for that? I have set it out in the Government Work Report. We will draw on the savings that we didn’t tap into over the last two years, meaning we will use the surplus profits of state-owned financial institutions and state monopoly business operations and funds transferred from the Central Budget Stabilization Fund. In total, government spending this year will rise by no less than 2 trillion yuan. Most of it will be used for tax and fee reductions, particularly tax refund, just like providing oxygen supply for mountain climbers. At the same time, we will roll out a series of supportive financial and pro-job measures, too.?
我們今年采取的舉措不僅是應(yīng)對短期的，也是立足當(dāng)前、著眼長遠(yuǎn)的，決不預(yù)支未來，是可持續(xù)的。正像記者朋友提到的，中國還有應(yīng)對氣候變化、收入差距、債務(wù)等眾多問題，這些都需要我們在中長期過程中，包括今年有力地應(yīng)對。有關(guān)方面的措施我們都在安排部署。中國現(xiàn)代化還是一個長期的過程，我們需要在這個過程當(dāng)中用發(fā)展的辦法來解決發(fā)展中的問題。
Our policies set for this year are not just aimed at addressing immediate needs. They also take into account long-term development needs. They will not sacrifice future interests and are therefore sustainable. Like you said, China is still faced with a series of challenges, such as climate change, income gap, and debt. We need to forcefully respond to them this year and in a medium-to-long run. The measures required are being worked on. China’s modernization is a long process. We need to address issues arising in the course of development through development.
你剛才提到烏克蘭局勢。當(dāng)前烏克蘭局勢世人矚目，中方也深感擔(dān)憂和痛惜，真誠地希望烏克蘭局勢能夠得到緩解，早日回歸和平。中國始終奉行獨立自主的和平外交政策，發(fā)展雙邊關(guān)系從不針對第三方。我們將本著相互尊重、互利共贏的精神，同各方發(fā)展合作關(guān)系，為世界提供更多的穩(wěn)定性。
On Ukraine, the current situation there is a focus of international attention. China is deeply concerned and grieved. We sincerely hope that the situation will ease and peace will return at an early date. China has all along followed an independent foreign policy of peace, and never targets third parties in our bilateral ties. We want to develop cooperation with all countries on the basis of mutual respect and mutual benefit, to bring greater stability to today’s world.?
鳳凰衛(wèi)視記者：去年以來，香港特別行政區(qū)先后進(jìn)行了選舉委員會選舉以及第七屆立法會選舉，今年還要舉行第六任行政長官選舉。一方面是實行新的選舉制度，另外一方面現(xiàn)在香港疫情還沒有出現(xiàn)好轉(zhuǎn)的跡象，大家非常關(guān)注這場選舉。請問總理對此如何評價？
Phoenix TV: Over the past year, elections of the Election Committee and the seventh Legislative Council were held in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. This year, election of the sixth-term Chief Executive will be held there. Close attention is being paid to how this election will be conducted under the new electoral system and at a time when the COVID situation in Hong Kong has yet to turn the corner? What is your comment, Mr. Premier?
李克強：當(dāng)前香港新冠肺炎疫情形勢嚴(yán)峻，特區(qū)政府依法決定推遲第六任行政長官選舉，集中精力抗疫，我們充分理解和支持。中央政府每天都在關(guān)注著香港的疫情，十分惦念香港市民的生命健康和安全。特區(qū)政府要負(fù)起抗疫的主體責(zé)任，中央政府會全力支持香港抗疫。
Premier Li: The current COVID situation in Hong Kong is indeed serious. The Hong Kong SAR government has decided in accordance with the law to postpone election of the sixth-term Chief Executive to concentrate on dealing with the COVID situation. We have full understanding and support for that. The Central Government follows the COVID situation in Hong Kong every day and has deep concern for the life, health and safety of residents in Hong Kong. The Hong Kong SAR government needs to fulfil its primary responsibility in tackling the situation and the Central Government will give full support.
我們將全面準(zhǔn)確、堅定不移地貫徹“一國兩制”、“港人治港”、高度自治方針，特區(qū)政府換屆將嚴(yán)格依照基本法相關(guān)規(guī)定進(jìn)行。希望特區(qū)政府團結(jié)帶領(lǐng)香港各界人士繼續(xù)發(fā)展經(jīng)濟、改善民生，鞏固好、提升好香港國際金融、貿(mào)易和航運三大中心地位，保持香港長期繁榮穩(wěn)定。
We are steadfast in our commitment to fully and faithfully implement the principle of One Country, Two Systems under which the people of Hong Kong administer Hong Kong with a high degree of autonomy. The change of government in the Hong Kong SAR will happen in strict accordance with relevant provisions in the Basic Law. We hope the SAR government will unite and lead people across sectors in Hong Kong to continue to grow the economy, improve people’s lives, consolidate and elevate Hong Kong’s status as an international financial, trading and shipping center, and maintain Hong Kong’s long-term prosperity and stability.
中央廣播電視總臺記者：當(dāng)前，我們看到了一些企業(yè)預(yù)期不穩(wěn)，部分行業(yè)崗位縮減，還有的企業(yè)出現(xiàn)了裁員。另外一方面，新的需要就業(yè)的人口又在不斷增加。請問總理，今年我們將會采取什么樣的措施實現(xiàn)穩(wěn)就業(yè)的目標(biāo)？
CCTV: We are seeing unstable business expectations, job cuts in certain industries and layoffs by some companies. Meanwhile, more job seekers are joining the labor force. Mr. Premier, what measures will the government take this year to achieve the goal of stable employment?
李克強：就業(yè)不僅是民生問題，也是發(fā)展問題。有就業(yè)才有收入，生活有奔頭，也為社會創(chuàng)造財富。我記得去年到企業(yè)調(diào)研時，有企業(yè)負(fù)責(zé)人跟我說，到了8月份，許多職工向他預(yù)支工資，為什么？9月份孩子要交學(xué)費。
Premier Li: Employment bears on people’s lives and the country’s development. A job helps to generate income, make life promising and create wealth. I recall that in my visit to enterprises last year, the head of a company told me that many of their employees would ask for an advance on wages in August every year, because they need the money to pay their children’s tuition fees in September.
春節(jié)前我到西北農(nóng)村調(diào)研，一位農(nóng)民就告訴我，他一個孩子上大學(xué)，一年得花費一萬多塊錢，還有一個上高中，一年得8000多塊錢，靠種幾畝地是不行的，必須有打工的收入。我真是為我們的人民群眾感動。他們在努力打拼，打工、就業(yè)不僅關(guān)系當(dāng)前家庭生計，也在為下一代爭取更好的未來。
Before this year’s Spring Festival, I visited rural areas in China’s northwest. A local farmer told me that he had one child in college with a cost of 10,000-plus yuan each year, and one other child in senior high school with a cost of more than 8,000 yuan a year. He said that he had to go to work in the city, or he wouldn’t be able to make enough money to cover these expenses by just growing grain on his small land plot. I have always been deeply touched by the hard work of our people. Staying in work is not just about earning enough to support family, but also securing a better life for the younger generation.
今年我們加大宏觀政策實施力度，財政貨幣政策要圍繞實現(xiàn)就業(yè)目標(biāo)來展開，所以我們強調(diào)就業(yè)優(yōu)先也是宏觀政策，其他政策要配套，為實現(xiàn)就業(yè)目標(biāo)努力。我們現(xiàn)在每年新增城鎮(zhèn)就業(yè)必須有1100萬人以上，最好有1300萬人以上。我總覺得，只要實現(xiàn)了比較充分的就業(yè)，就能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)有些人說的中國經(jīng)濟潛在增長率。
We will step up the implementation of our macro policies this year, and fiscal and monetary policies need to help us achieve the goal on employment. Hence, our employment-first policy is also a macro policy, whose implementation will be supported by other policies. Each year we need to create over 11 million, preferably 13 million new urban jobs. If we could achieve maximum employment, we would be able to achieve what some people say, China’s potential economic growth rate.
有一個實例，2020年疫情嚴(yán)重沖擊的時候，我們沒有定經(jīng)濟增長指標(biāo)，但是我們定了一個明確的指標(biāo)，就是新增城鎮(zhèn)就業(yè)要900萬人以上，結(jié)果實現(xiàn)了1100萬人以上的新增城鎮(zhèn)就業(yè)，經(jīng)濟不僅實現(xiàn)了正增長，而且增速達(dá)到2.2%，在主要經(jīng)濟體中是唯一實現(xiàn)正增長的。
There is one concrete example here. In the raging times of COVID-19 back in 2020, we decided not to set a GDP growth target, but we set the target of new urban jobs at above nine million. The outcome was that we created over 11 million new urban jobs. China’s economic growth stayed in the positive territory, and reached 2.2 percent. The Chinese economy was the only one among major economies to achieve a positive growth.
今年需要就業(yè)的城鎮(zhèn)新增勞動力達(dá)到約1600萬人，是多年來最高。高校畢業(yè)生1076萬，是歷年最高。還有近3億農(nóng)民工要有打工的機會，還要保障退役軍人就業(yè)。還有一些企業(yè)生生死死，有些人要再就業(yè)。城鎮(zhèn)新增勞動力是在增長的，要有新的就業(yè)平臺。對于新增需就業(yè)人員，我們要給他們以培訓(xùn)等多方面支持舉措，用市場化的方法來解決就業(yè)問題。比如這些年我們在推動大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)、萬眾創(chuàng)新，促進(jìn)發(fā)展新技術(shù)新業(yè)態(tài)新模式，培育新動能。我們相信普通人有上上智，把他們的特長、聰明才智發(fā)揮出來，那就業(yè)的大舞臺會絢麗多彩。
This year, we will see a record high increase of new job seekers into the labor force, totaling some 16 million. There will be 10.76 million students graduating from college, another record high. There needs to be work for some 300 million rural migrant workers. Jobs also need to be provided to ex-service members. And some people are waiting to get re-employed in case of business insolvency. There is a steady increase in the urban labor force, and new platforms of employment need to be created. The government will provide these new job seekers with training opportunities and other support. More importantly, we need to rely on market-oriented means to resolve employment issues. In recent years, we have pursued the initiative of mass entrepreneurship and innovation, and promoted the development of new technologies, new industries and new business models to foster new drivers of growth. We believe that there is great intelligence and potential in each individual. When their talent and potential is fully brought out, we can open great prospects for employment.
這里還不得不提到靈活就業(yè)，因為這方面有2億多人，形式多樣、覆蓋面廣。作為一個發(fā)展中國家，這種就業(yè)形式會比較長期地存在。他們風(fēng)里來、雨里去，確實很辛苦，很多地方在給他們提供暖心服務(wù)。針對他們的勞動權(quán)益、社會保障等問題，政府要逐步完善政策，也就是說要給這些“騎手”們系上“安全帶”，讓靈活就業(yè)等新就業(yè)形態(tài)既解燃眉之急，又激發(fā)市場活力和社會創(chuàng)造力。
I would be remiss if I did not mention flexible employment here. Over 200 million people are now engaged in flexible employment which takes multiple forms and covers a wide range of sectors. This kind of employment will long exist in a developing country like China. Many of the people in flexible employment are express delivery service providers. They have to work braving winds and rains. Many localities have provided them with heart-warming services. The government should improve policies related to their labor rights and interests as well as social protection, just like providing safety belt to deliverymen. In this way, these new forms of employment will not only meet people’s pressing need, but also help unlock market vitality and public creativity.
西班牙埃菲社記者：疫情發(fā)生已經(jīng)兩年了，在過去兩年當(dāng)中，中國基本是“關(guān)閉”。中方現(xiàn)在是否考慮將目前的“動態(tài)清零”疫情防控政策變得更加可持續(xù)？是否有一個向世界“開放”的路線圖？
EFE: We are already two years into the pandemic. And China has remained closed to the world during all this time. So my question is for how long is zero-COVID policy sustainable for China? Is there a road map to start reopening the country in the foreseeable future?
李克強：新冠病毒是人類共同的敵人，傳播兩年了，病毒一直在變異，一些規(guī)律還需要深入研究，相應(yīng)的像疫苗保護(hù)、有效藥物研發(fā)等也需要加強。國際社會當(dāng)前還是要團結(jié)合作、守望相助，相互之間多一些理解和包容，努力為世界回歸正常共同創(chuàng)造條件。
Premier Li: The novel coronavirus is a common enemy of humankind. The virus has been with us for two years, yet is still changing. Much remains to be learned about it. Meanwhile, protection through vaccines and R&D of effective drugs need to be enhanced. The international community should embrace unity, cooperation and mutual assistance, show greater mutual understanding and accommodation, and make joint efforts to create conditions for our world’s early return to normal.
中國一直統(tǒng)籌疫情防控和經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展，積極推動國際交往合作，我們會根據(jù)疫情的形勢變化和病毒的特點，使防控更加科學(xué)精準(zhǔn)，保障人民生命健康，保障正常生產(chǎn)生活秩序，保障產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈供應(yīng)鏈的安全。
China has adopted a coordinated approach to COVID response and economic and social development. We have been actively promoting international exchanges and cooperation. We will make our response more scientific and targeted in light of the evolving COVID situation and features of the virus, to protect people’s life and health, keep up the normal running of work and life, and ensure the security of industrial and supply chains.
疫情發(fā)生以來，我多次與國際組織負(fù)責(zé)人、跨國公司負(fù)責(zé)人、企業(yè)家對話，他們都希望保證必要的商務(wù)往來。我們已經(jīng)開通了“快捷通道”和“綠色通道”，對一些關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)的企業(yè)和項目，保障他們正常的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營。我們會不斷地積累經(jīng)驗，及時應(yīng)對可能發(fā)生的變化，逐步使物流、人流有序暢通起來。
In my many conversations with heads of international institutions and multinationals as well as business leaders since the pandemic started, many expressed the hope for ensuring necessary business exchanges. China has opened the “fast lanes” and “green corridors” to ensure the normal running of companies and projects in key areas. We will continue to gain experience and be adaptable to new developments, to gradually restore unimpeded flow of goods and personnel in an orderly way.
新華社記者：這些年，我國的營商環(huán)境雖然有所改善，市場主體大幅增長，企業(yè)辦事也方便了許多，但各種干擾仍然不少。請問在當(dāng)前情況下，政府在優(yōu)化營商環(huán)境、激發(fā)市場活力和創(chuàng)造力方面還會做哪些努力？
Xinhua News Agency: Recent years have seen steady improvement in China’s business climate, as evidenced by a surge in market entities and easier access to government services for enterprises. However, various disturbances to business activity still exist. What more will the government do to improve the business climate and better stimulate market vitality and public creativity?
李克強：近10年，國務(wù)院每年都要召開一次全國性的推進(jìn)“放管服”改革、優(yōu)化營商環(huán)境的會議。我也注意到，今年一開年，許多地方都圍繞改善營商環(huán)境的主題來開會?？梢哉f，“放管服”改革是為市場主體改良生長的土壤，減稅降費是為他們施肥澆水，大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)、萬眾創(chuàng)新是要推動更多的市場主體生根發(fā)芽。只要我們把人民的創(chuàng)造力發(fā)揮出來，把市場主體的活力激發(fā)出來，大家可以想象經(jīng)濟的生動局面。但政府必須進(jìn)行刀刃向內(nèi)的改革，不能讓政府部門圍繞著自己的權(quán)力在轉(zhuǎn)，而要通過改革，讓市場主體層出不窮、生機勃勃。
Premier Li: Every year in the past decade, the State Council would hold a national work conference on the reform of government functions and improvement of China’s business climate. I’ve also noted that improving business climate was high on the agenda of the first meetings of many local governments in the new year. Reforming government functions could be likened to improving soils for the growth of market entities. Our policy of tax and fee reductions is like applying fertilizer and water, and the initiative of mass entrepreneurship and innovation aims to help more market entities take root and grow. When public creativity is leveraged, and the vitality of market entities unleashed, one could well anticipate vibrant economic growth. This requires the government pursue self-targeted reform to see that government power does not revolve around departmental interests. Rather, we need to advance reform to help market entities to emerge and flourish.
觸動利益是比觸動靈魂要難的。但政貴有恒，這些年我們持續(xù)推進(jìn)市場化改革、推進(jìn)“放管服”改革，有1000多項行政許可被下放或取消，非行政許可退出歷史舞臺。過去辦企業(yè)拿執(zhí)照要幾十天的時間，多的要上百天，現(xiàn)在在全國范圍內(nèi)平均4天，最少的地方1天?，F(xiàn)在大約9成的政務(wù)服務(wù)是網(wǎng)上辦、掌上辦、異地辦、不見面辦。實際上這是在打破利益的藩籬、突破了傳統(tǒng)思維?；萜罄竦拇胧┪覀儠^續(xù)推進(jìn)下去。
Shaking up vested interests could be more difficult than touching the depths of souls. Yet we must keep up the consistency of policy, which is critical for exercising governance. We have pressed ahead with market-oriented reforms and the reform of the government’s own functions over the years. Through these reforms, over 1,000 administrative approval items have been canceled or delegated to lower-level authorities. The non-administrative approval requirement was made a thing of the past. It used to take several dozen days, even up to over 100 days, to open a business. But now, it takes only four days, or just one day in some places. About 90 percent of government services can now be accessed inter-provincially, online or through cellphone apps, with no need of making physical visits. These measures have helped eliminate the thickets of vested interests and change the government’s traditional way of thinking. And we will work to bring more benefits to businesses and the people.
這些年通過營商環(huán)境不斷改善，我國市場主體已經(jīng)達(dá)到1.5億戶，比10年前凈增了約1億戶，主要是民營市場主體，其中個體工商戶達(dá)到1億戶?？刹灰】磦€體工商戶，他們一頭連著眾多人的生計，一頭連著大眾的消費。我在政協(xié)參加討論時，那些企業(yè)家就說，如果沒有小微企業(yè)和個體工商戶打通“微細(xì)血管”，大中企業(yè)甚至國企央企都動不起來。
With an improving business climate in recent years, the number of market entities in China has reached 150 million, a net increase of 100 million over ten years ago. Most of them are privately-held, among which self-employed households now amount to 100 million. No one should underestimate these self-employed households. They support the livelihoods of many families, and meet consumer demand. Entrepreneurs in the CPPCC told me had it not been for the role of those micro and small firms and self-employed households in keeping up unimpeded flows of the economy, bigger companies, even state-owned enterprises and centrally-managed enterprises, would be hamstrung.
大家到經(jīng)濟發(fā)展好的地方看一看，那里都是改革力度大、營商環(huán)境好、市場主體多，所以經(jīng)濟蓬蓬勃勃。當(dāng)然，我多次強調(diào)，“放”“管”是并行的，“放”不是放責(zé)，“管”是政府必須履行的職責(zé)?！胺拧币膊皇欠湃?，對那些假冒偽劣、坑蒙拐騙等行為要堅決打擊，尤其是對一些涉及人民生命健康和群眾利益的，像食品藥品、安全生產(chǎn)、金融等領(lǐng)域，要加強監(jiān)管，違規(guī)違法的必須受到懲處?，F(xiàn)在新業(yè)態(tài)新模式也在不斷變化發(fā)展，我們要不斷完善監(jiān)管規(guī)定和方式，使市場主體真正在公平公正的環(huán)境中競爭和發(fā)展。
With bold reform measures, a sound business climate and a large number of market entities, a place often enjoys bright economic prospects. I have also repeatedly stressed that streamlining administration and enhancing oversight should go hand in hand. Streamlining administration does not mean a diminishing in government responsibilities, and the government has the duty to exercise regulation and supervision. Delegation of authority shouldn’t give rise to regulatory gaps either. We will resolutely combat the malpractices of counterfeiting and cheating on marketplace. We will enhance regulation in areas concerning people’s life and health and public interests, like food, drugs, workplace safety and the financial sector, and deal with any violation of laws and regulations. As new forms of industry and new business models keep developing, we will improve our regulatory approaches to ensure that market entities can truly compete and grow in a fair and just environment.?
彭博社記者：50年前，美國總統(tǒng)尼克松對中國的訪問開啟了美國對華接觸的時代，去年拜登政府宣布這一時代已經(jīng)結(jié)束，美中兩國現(xiàn)在正進(jìn)入激烈競爭的時期。您是否同意這一評價？禁止在華銷售美國的半導(dǎo)體以及禁止中國企業(yè)在美上市這樣的情形會不會變得越來越常見呢?
Bloomberg News: Fifty years ago, then US President Richard Nixon visited China and began what became known as a period of American engagement with China. Last year, the Biden administration said that period had come to an end, and China and the US were headed instead into a period of intense competition. I wonder Mr. Premier, if you would agree with that assessment? Will things such as bans on American semiconductors being sold in China or bans against Chinese companies listing shares in the US become more and more common?
李克強：50年前，中美兩國打破堅冰，開啟了關(guān)系正?；匠?。半個世紀(jì)過去了，兩國關(guān)系雖然時有磕磕碰碰，但一直是向前發(fā)展的。我們還是希望，雙方按照兩國元首去年年底視頻會晤達(dá)成的共識，相互尊重、和平共處、合作共贏，以理性和建設(shè)性的方式妥善管控分歧，尊重彼此的核心利益和重大關(guān)切。還是要多對話、多溝通。既然雙方互相打開了大門，就不應(yīng)再關(guān)上，更不能“脫鉤”。
Premier Li: Fifty years ago, China and the US broke the ice and started a journey of normalizing relations between the two countries. Half a century has passed. China-US relations have all along been moving forward despite ups and downs. We hope that the two countries will act in accordance with the common understandings reached between the two Presidents in their virtual meeting at the end of last year, respect each other, live together in peace and pursue win-win cooperation. We hope the two countries will properly manage differences in a rational and constructive manner, and respect each other’s core interests and major concerns. It is preferable to have more dialogue and communication. Now that the door has been opened, it shouldn’t be shut again, still less should there be decoupling.
中美是聯(lián)合國安理會常任理事國，也是世界上最大的發(fā)展中國家和最大的發(fā)達(dá)國家。處理好彼此的關(guān)系，事關(guān)兩國人民的福祉。當(dāng)前不少全球性的挑戰(zhàn)都需要中美兩國開展合作、共同應(yīng)對。應(yīng)該說，中美合作對兩國、對世界都有益。
China and the US are both permanent members of the UN Security Council, and the world’s largest developing and developed countries respectively. Getting this relationship right serves the well-being of people of both countries. Many global challenges today require the joint efforts and cooperation of China and the US. It is fair to say that China-US cooperation is beneficial to both countries and the world.
當(dāng)然，中美兩國社會制度、歷史文化、發(fā)展階段都存在著很大的差異，有分歧也是難免的。但我們認(rèn)為，合作應(yīng)當(dāng)是主流，因為世界和平與發(fā)展依賴于合作。即使我們在經(jīng)貿(mào)領(lǐng)域有市場競爭，那也應(yīng)該是良性、公平的競爭。去年，兩國貿(mào)易額超過7500億美元，比上年增長了近三成。這說明什么？中美合作領(lǐng)域是廣闊的，是有巨大潛力的。如果美國放寬對中國的出口限制，雙邊貿(mào)易額還會更大，兩國和兩國人民都會從中受益。中方愿同美方一道擇寬處行，謀長久利。
China and the US are vastly different in social system, history, culture and stage of development. Disagreements are hardly avoidable. However, we believe cooperation should be the mainstream, because global peace and development hinges on cooperation. Even if there is market competition between the two countries in economy and trade, it should be healthy and fair. Last year, China-US trade exceeded US$750 billion, up nearly 30 percent over the previous year. This shows China-US cooperation has extensive areas and much untapped potential. If the US chooses to ease its export restrictions on China, two-way trade volume will grow even bigger, delivering more benefits to both countries and their peoples. China is ready to work with the US to expand common ground and pursue interests for the long run.
中國新聞社記者：這兩年受疫情沖擊，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)以前有一些經(jīng)常去的小吃店、小餐館關(guān)門之后就沒再開業(yè)，包括餐飲在內(nèi)，旅游、零售、客運等行業(yè)也受到很大影響。政府工作報告提出要穩(wěn)市場主體保就業(yè)。請問總理，在幫助特殊困難行業(yè)方面，今年我們將拿出哪些舉措？
China News Service: We find that due to COVID-19 impacts in the past two years, many street-side eateries and small restaurants have no longer opened for business since closure. In addition to catering, industries like hospitality, retail and passenger transport have also been hard hit. It was proposed in the Government Work Report that efforts will be made to keep business operations stable and ensure job security. Mr. Premier, what measures will the government take this year to help these industries in distress?
李克強：疫情發(fā)生后，受沖擊最大的是服務(wù)業(yè)，特別是接觸型的服務(wù)業(yè)，其中量大面廣的是中小微企業(yè)。他們底子本來就薄，而且可以說是精打細(xì)算、日清月結(jié)地經(jīng)營，很多困難積累起來讓他們難以支撐。幫助他們實際上也是支撐就業(yè)，因為僅1億個體工商戶就帶動了近3億人的就業(yè)，如果等苗枯旱透根了，再幫他們就來不及了。所以我們一定要看到“秤砣雖小壓千斤”，得給他們及時的扶持。
Premier Li: COVID-19 has hit the services sector the hardest, especially contact-based service industries. Many firms in these industries are micro, small and medium-sized enterprises who are already quite weak financially and running on a tight budget. The building up of difficulties is too much for them to bear. Supporting their operations is helping maintain job security, because the 100 million self-employed households are providers of close to 300 million jobs. We must provide them with timely help as they play an important leveraging role irrespective of size. Timely support is critical, because it will be too late to water a plant if the root is dried out.
對這些特殊困難行業(yè)，我們已經(jīng)出臺了40多項扶持政策。僅退稅這一項，粗算一下，像餐飲、旅游、客運、文化等幾個行業(yè)就能夠享受1800億元。他們不僅需要財政的支持，對那些市場前景好的，金融業(yè)也要給予“無縫續(xù)貸”。而且對他們需要階段性減免房租、電費的，有能力的地方也應(yīng)該給予支持，這實際上也是業(yè)主在拉住客戶。
For these industries in special difficulty, we have worked out over 40 supportive measures. Tax refunds alone for catering, tourism, passenger transport and the cultural sector will amount to 180 billion yuan. In addition to fiscal support, we encourage banks to provide loan extension on a seamless basis for promising businesses. We also urge temporary cuts or exemptions of rentals and electricity bills where possible for these market entities, and capable local governments should also extend support. This is also a way of property owners keeping the clients.?
當(dāng)前，消費需求的確比較疲弱，主要是線下消費需求疲弱。大家可以想象，市井長巷店鋪林立、熱氣騰騰，那就是熙熙攘攘的人間煙火。如果關(guān)門了，那可不是大吉，老百姓生活都會受到影響。所以我們扶持這些特殊困難行業(yè)，不僅是讓他們挺過去，也是讓人民群眾的生活有溫度，讓我們的經(jīng)濟能夠顯示更多生機。
Consumer demand is indeed quite subdued now, especially consumption in bricks and mortar shops. We may well imagine a lively city life is very much about the hustle and bustle in marketplaces and shops. Business closure is no good news for anyone. It could even affect people’s daily lives. In this sense, policy support for the industries in distress is not just to tide these industries over difficulties; it also helps add warmth to people’s lives and bring greater vibrancy to the economy.
臺灣東森新媒體記者：在疫情持續(xù)蔓延、兩岸關(guān)系不確定不穩(wěn)定性增加的情況下，請問大陸方面將如何應(yīng)對臺海局勢，維持并且增進(jìn)兩岸民眾的福祉？
ET Today of Taiwan: Under the situation of further spread of the coronavirus and rising uncertainty and instability in the cross-Strait relations, how will the mainland respond to the situation across the Taiwan Strait, and uphold and promote the well-being of people on both sides of the Strait?
李克強：我們的對臺大政方針是明確的，我在政府工作報告中已經(jīng)作了表述，就是堅持一個中國原則和“九二共識”，堅決反對“臺獨”分裂行徑，推進(jìn)兩岸關(guān)系和平發(fā)展和祖國統(tǒng)一。
Premier Li: Our major principles and policies on work related to Taiwan are clear-cut. I have laid them out in the Government Work Report. That is, we are committed to the one-China principle and the 1992 Consensus. We firmly oppose separatist activities seeking “Taiwan independence” and we will advance the peaceful growth of cross-Strait relations and the reunification of China.
兩岸同胞說到底是一家人，手足親情任何時候是割不斷的，我們愿意繼續(xù)同廣大臺灣同胞分享發(fā)展機遇，對來大陸發(fā)展的臺灣同胞提供同等待遇，為他們辦實事、解難事。只要兩岸同胞和衷共濟、團結(jié)向前，就一定能夠推動兩岸關(guān)系和平發(fā)展，共享中華民族復(fù)興的福祉。
At the end of the day, compatriots on both sides of the Taiwan Strait are members of one family. At no time can this fraternal bond be severed. We will continue to share with our Taiwan compatriots development opportunities, provide those on the mainland with equal treatment, and take concrete measures to benefit them and help them resolve difficulties. When people across the Strait come together and forge ahead in unity, we can surely promote the peaceful growth of cross-Strait relations, and share in the well-being of the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
新加坡聯(lián)合早報記者：今年是本屆中國政府的收官之年?；仡欉^去4年多的歷程，您認(rèn)為本屆政府取得的成績有哪些？遇到的最大挑戰(zhàn)又是什么？在本屆政府的最后一年里，中國經(jīng)濟面臨著前所未有的壓力，您將重點實施哪些政策，以更好地穩(wěn)定社會信心、回應(yīng)民眾的關(guān)切？
Lianhe Zaobao: The year 2022 is the last year of the current term of the Chinese government. Looking back at the course of governance in the past four years, what do you think are the major achievements of this government? What is the biggest challenge for it? With China’s economy under unprecedented pressure, what will be the government’s policy priorities in the last year of its term, to keep up public confidence and respond to people’s concerns?
李克強：本屆政府以來，國際形勢復(fù)雜多變，國內(nèi)矛盾和困難疊加。說到最大的挑戰(zhàn)，那還是新冠肺炎疫情及其給經(jīng)濟帶來的嚴(yán)重沖擊。我們志不求易、事不避難、行不避險，盡了最大努力。
Premier Li: Since the formation of this government, there have been much complexity and change in the international environment, as well as entwined difficulties and challenges at home. But the biggest challenge came from the COVID-19 pandemic, which dealt a heavy blow to China’s economy. In responding to the challenge, we have not settled for the easy option or shied away from what’s difficult and the risks, and have put in our greatest efforts.
記得我出任總理時在這里召開第一次記者會，也就是在這個大廳里邊，就明確表明，要持續(xù)發(fā)展經(jīng)濟、不斷改善民生、促進(jìn)社會公正，這是我們政府的基本任務(wù)，行大道、民為本、利天下，就是要以民之所望為施政所向。這些年，我們鍥而不舍、一以貫之，創(chuàng)新施政方式，用保持經(jīng)濟運行在合理區(qū)間等方式來應(yīng)對周期性的經(jīng)濟波動，尤其是宏觀政策的實施直面市場主體的需求；堅定推進(jìn)改革，簡除繁苛，維護(hù)公正，培育和壯大市場主體和新動能，激發(fā)市場活力和社會創(chuàng)造力；堅持就業(yè)優(yōu)先，把握國情實際，注重保障基本民生，等等。政府工作有人民群眾認(rèn)可的地方，也有與他們的期盼有差距和不足的地方，這些我們是清楚的。
I recall that at my first press conference as Premier, held in this very same place, I laid out the basic tasks for the government as sustaining economic development, improving people’s lives and promoting social fairness. I also said we need to follow the Great Way, put people first and deliver benefits for all. In other words, the people’s wish always points the way for the government. This is what we have been doing consistently and diligently throughout the years. We have been innovative in exercising governance. We have dealt with cyclical fluctuations in economic activity by keeping major economic indicators within an appropriate range. In particular, we have implemented macro policies in a way that is directly responsive to the needs of market entities. We have pressed ahead with reforms to cut red tape and uphold justice. We have nurtured and supported the growth of market entities and new drivers of growth to boost market vitality and social creativity. We have implemented an employment-first policy and focused on ensuring people’s basic welfare in keeping with national realities. We are aware that while our people are happy with some aspects of the government’s work, there are also areas where we still fall short of their expectations.
至于你說到今年是本屆政府的最后一年，也是我擔(dān)任總理的最后一年。我們所面臨的形勢依然復(fù)雜嚴(yán)峻，困難和挑戰(zhàn)依然眾多，我在政府工作報告和剛才回答問題中已經(jīng)對應(yīng)對困難挑戰(zhàn)作了說明和闡述。我和我的同事們，會以鍥而不舍的精神恪盡職守，用實干來踐行承諾。
You said this year is the last year in the current term of the Chinese government. This year is also the last year of my premiership. We are still faced with a complicated and challenging environment and there are still many difficulties and challenges at play. As to how to respond to these challenges and difficulties, I have set out our policies in the Government Work Report and also in my answers to some previous questions. I and my colleagues will make persistent efforts, conscientiously perform our duties and take solid steps to live up to our promises.
我相信，在以習(xí)近平同志為核心的黨中央堅強領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，有社會各界的大力支持，特別是人民群眾的共同奮斗，中國經(jīng)濟一定能夠爬坡過坎，實現(xiàn)今年經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展的主要目標(biāo)任務(wù)，并為以后的發(fā)展奠定應(yīng)有的堅實基礎(chǔ)。
I am confident that under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, with the strong support of various sectors, and especially with the joint hard work of the Chinese people, China’s economy will be able to overcome difficulties. We will be able to achieve the major goals and tasks for economic and social development set for the whole year, and lay a due, solid foundation for the future development of the country.
人民日報社記者：近年來，我國居民人均收入逐年提高，但還是有不少人仍然感覺到生活不易，特別是新冠肺炎疫情對基本民生帶來了較大影響。請問總理，今年政府在改善民生方面會有什么考慮和舉措？
People’s Daily: China’s per capita income has been steadily rising in recent years. However, many people still find their lives quite hard. In particular, meeting of people’s basic living needs has been quite severely affected by COVID-19. Mr. Premier, what will the government do this year to further improve people’s lives?
李克強：這些年，我國居民的收入和GDP增長是基本同步的。但是中國依然是一個發(fā)展中國家，我們的城鄉(xiāng)差距是明顯的，公共服務(wù)要均等化是一個長期的過程。今年年初，有關(guān)方面給我遞了反映民生十盼的材料，我看多數(shù)都是基本民生，而且多數(shù)來自農(nóng)民群眾。所以政府要始終把發(fā)展經(jīng)濟的目的放在保障和改善民生上，當(dāng)然，是盡力而為、量力而行。
Premier Li: Indeed, in recent years, our people’s income has been growing in tandem with GDP. However, China remains a developing country. There is still a notable urban-rural gap. It will take a long time for us to achieve equal access to public services across the country. A report I received early this year listed the people’s top ten hopes for their life this year. Most of them concern basic living needs or come from farmers. Ensuring and promoting people’s lives should always be the fundamental purpose of the government’s effort in growing the economy. The government must continue to make utmost efforts and within its capacity to keep making improvements to people’s lives.
我國現(xiàn)在財政總收入已經(jīng)有20萬億元了，但并不寬裕。連續(xù)10年了，我們盡力保證財政性教育經(jīng)費不低于GDP的4%，這是很不容易的，而且主要是面向義務(wù)教育、面向農(nóng)村，因為我們農(nóng)村的戶籍人口現(xiàn)在還有7.6億，還要進(jìn)一步加大向農(nóng)村和邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)義務(wù)教育的投入力度。
China’s fiscal revenue has reached 20 trillion yuan, but the country still faces fiscal strains. Nevertheless, we have managed to keep fiscal spending on education above 4% of GDP for ten consecutive years. This is by no means easy. Most of the government spending has gone to compulsory education and supported rural areas, because we still have 760 million registered rural population in China. We will increase government funds to compulsory education in rural and remote areas.
另一方面，我們已經(jīng)建立了面向14億多人的、可以說世界上最大的基本醫(yī)保網(wǎng)，但水平還不高，所以這方面今年財政補助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)人均又增加了30元。我們建立了大病醫(yī)保的制度，拿基本醫(yī)保去購買商業(yè)大病保險的經(jīng)辦服務(wù)，這樣使得一些病種在有些地方能報銷到30萬元到50萬元，高的地方還有不封頂?shù)??？傮w上城鄉(xiāng)居民看病的報銷比例能夠達(dá)到70%，隨著國力的增加還會逐步提高。特別是要鞏固脫貧攻堅成果，對因病返貧、因大病致貧的要予以特殊的支持幫助。
We have established in China the world’s largest medical insurance system covering some 1.4 billion people. However, the benefits are still quite modest at the moment. This year, the government will increase the government subsidy by 30 yuan per person. We have established a program of medical insurance for major illnesses, using basic medical insurance funds for the purchase of commercial insurance for major illnesses. In some places this program has enabled reimbursement of 300,000 to 500,000 yuan for some illnesses. And no particular numerical cap is put on the amount of reimbursement in certain regions. On average, some 70% of medical bills of rural and urban non-working residents can get reimbursed, and we will increase the benefits as our capacity grows. In particular, we need to consolidate the outcomes in ending absolute poverty and provide particular support to people who risk falling back to poverty due to illness or struggle with poverty caused by major illnesses.
基本民生和日常生活息息相聯(lián)，現(xiàn)在我們跨省流動的人口超過1個億，他們異地就業(yè)、養(yǎng)老、就學(xué)，辦有些事往往要來回跑，“跨省通辦”已經(jīng)成了新剛需。我們今年要實施一項新政策，就是把人們常用的身份證電子化，也就是說你辦有關(guān)事項，拿著手機一掃碼就可以了。當(dāng)然，我們也要為那些不用智能手機的人特別是老年人提供便利，還要保障公民的信息安全和隱私。
Meeting basic living needs concerns people’s daily lives. Nowadays, some 100 million Chinese are in cross-provincial mobility. Some are elderly people living away from hometowns with their children in cities. Some are for employment or education. They face much hassle of travel in getting certain things done. Hence, accessing government services inter-provincially has become a new constant demand among the people. One new policy we will introduce this year is to make ID cards that are in most frequent use in people’s daily lives electronic, which helps one get certain things done by a simple code-scanning on cell phones. We will also provide convenience for people who do not use smart phones, especially the elderly. In the meantime, we will ensure information security and individuals’ privacy.
保障基本民生既要用力量力，更要用心，要堅持實事求是，讓事實說話，要傾聽人民群眾的呼聲和要求。民生問題聯(lián)系著民情、民意甚至民心，政府的職責(zé)就是要順應(yīng)民心，給人民排憂解難，讓人民過上好日子。
To ensure the basic living needs of our people, we must take every bit of solid effort and put heart into it. We must be fully aware of the situation on the ground and always heed the people’s call. Livelihood issues are linked with the conditions people face, public opinion and even popular support. The government is duty-bound to follow the aspirations of the people, help them resolve difficulties and enable them to lead a better life.?
這里我還要強調(diào)一點，保障人民群眾的合法權(quán)益。這是人民政府必須扛在肩上的。最近，有的地方發(fā)生了嚴(yán)重侵害婦女權(quán)益的事件，我們不僅為受害者痛心，也對此事十分氣憤。對漠視群眾權(quán)益的，要堅決追責(zé)問責(zé)，對那些拐賣婦女兒童的犯罪行為要嚴(yán)厲打擊、嚴(yán)懲不貸。保民安和惠民生是不可分割的，各級政府一定要把盡力惠民生、盡力保民安作為自己的基本職責(zé)。
Here I want to emphasize that a people’s government must live up to its responsibility of protecting the people’s lawful rights and interests. The recent incident involving gross violations of women’s rights and interests is deeply distressing and we feel indignant about it. Those who showed disregard for people’s rights and interests must be held to account. Perpetrators of the trafficking of women and children must be brought to justice and prosecuted to the full extent of law. Ensuring people’s safety and bettering their lives cannot be separated. Governments at all levels must take it as their basic responsibility and do their best to improve people’s lives and protect their safety.?
日本共同社記者：中國政府表明正朝著共同富裕的目標(biāo)邁進(jìn)，提出為了防止資本的無序擴張要設(shè)置“紅綠燈”，特別是加強了對互聯(lián)網(wǎng)企業(yè)的監(jiān)管。但是外國資本則擔(dān)心因為共同富裕的目標(biāo)，中國政府會不會進(jìn)一步加強對企業(yè)行為的限制？請問中方看法如何？有方法降低投資者的憂慮嗎？
Kyodo News: China is working toward the goal of common prosperity and said it will adopt a traffic-light regulatory approach to prevent unregulated expansion of capital. Regulation over giant internet companies has been tightened. Some foreign investors are hence concerned that China will put more restrictions on corporate behaviors because of the goal of common prosperity. How does China see this? How to alleviate the concerns of foreign investors?
李克強：我們說共同富裕，那是要共同奮斗的。對外開放政策，中國沒有變也不會變，而且我們的外商投資法都有明確規(guī)定，要說變只會向有利于擴大開放、有利于投資貿(mào)易的方向發(fā)展。
Premier Li: Common prosperity can only be attained through common efforts. As far as China’s opening-up policy is concerned, there has been no change in our position, and nor will there be a change. Moreover, there are clear-cut stipulations in China’s Foreign Investment Law. If there will be any change, the change will be conducive to China’s greater openness, and to promoting investment and trade.
外商來華發(fā)展了自己，也給我們帶來了投資、銷售渠道，帶來了我們需要的商品，對大家都有利，我們?yōu)槭裁匆拗颇?？剛才我講到“放管服”改革，就是強調(diào)要簡政放權(quán)、放管結(jié)合、優(yōu)化服務(wù)，反對壟斷和不正當(dāng)競爭，防止資本無序擴張，目的還是要給依法經(jīng)營的企業(yè)撐腰打氣，確保各類所有制企業(yè)、內(nèi)外資企業(yè)一律平等發(fā)展、公平競爭。當(dāng)然，也希望企業(yè)在發(fā)展當(dāng)中都是規(guī)范、健康的。
Foreign investors coming to do business in China have developed themselves, and also brought us investment, sales channels and products we need. It benefits us all. Why should we restrict it? I referred to the reform of government functions in previous answers. Under this reform, we highlight the need to streamline administration and delegate power, enhance regulation and upgrade government services. We are opposed to monopoly and unfair competition and will prevent the unregulated expansion of capital. These efforts aim to motivate and support law-abiding businesses, and provide a level playing field for businesses under all types of ownership, and for both domestic and foreign-invested enterprises to compete fairly. We hope all enterprises will grow in a healthy and well-regulated way.
中國太大，你要找個案都能找得到。但是從總體上看，中國經(jīng)濟已深度融入世界。中國貨物進(jìn)出口總額占GDP的比重已經(jīng)超過三分之一，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)口對工業(yè)的綜合影響度超過70%，我們連續(xù)10年穩(wěn)居全球第二大進(jìn)口市場，而且連續(xù)5年成為全球貨物貿(mào)易的第一大國。當(dāng)然，總體上我們還處于產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈由中低端向中高端邁進(jìn)的過程中，但這也表明產(chǎn)業(yè)和消費都在升級，市場潛力大，各類投資都有很大空間。
China is a very big country, so it is natural for individual cases to exist. But overall, China’s economy has deeply integrated into the world economy. China’s imports and exports in goods now take up more than one third of the country’s GDP. The level of overall impacts of imports on the industrial sector is over 70 percent. For the past 10 years in a row, China has remained the world’s second largest import market, and for the past five consecutive years, the largest trader in goods. On the whole, we are still transitioning from a lower-middle level on industrial chains to medium and high end. However, this also shows that Chinese industries and consumption are upgrading, and there is tremendous market potential and broad space for all types of investment.
相關(guān)國家和我們共同簽署了區(qū)域全面經(jīng)濟伙伴關(guān)系協(xié)定，也就是RCEP，今年正式實施，這可以說是世界上最大的自貿(mào)區(qū)。我們會利用這一契機，繼續(xù)推進(jìn)自由貿(mào)易，對國企、民企、外企一視同仁，繼續(xù)把中國打造成全球外商投資的熱土。
China has signed with relevant countries the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement. The agreement has officially entered into force this year. It creates the world’s largest free trade area. We will make the most of this opportunity and continue to advance free trade. We will treat state-owned enterprises, privately-held firms and foreign invested enterprises as equals and make continued efforts to make China a popular destination for global foreign investment.
我明確地告訴大家，無論國際風(fēng)云如何變幻，中國都會堅定不移地擴大開放。長江、黃河不會倒流。中國這40多年，從來都是在改革中前進(jìn)、開放中發(fā)展。只要是有利于擴大高水平開放的事情，我們都愿意積極去做，而且要堅定地維護(hù)多邊貿(mào)易體制，這也是我們自身發(fā)展的需要。
I can tell you clearly that no matter how the international environment may change, China will keep to the course of wider openness, just as courses of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers will not reverse. Over the past four decades, China has all along developed itself in the course of reform and opening up. We will actively pursue anything that is conducive to high-level opening-up of this country. We will firmly uphold the multilateral trading system, as this is necessary for our own development.
中國對外開放40多年了，發(fā)展了自己，造福了人民，也有利于世界。這是個機遇的大門，我們決不會、也決不能把它關(guān)上。
It has been 40-plus years since China started opening-up. Through opening-up, China has developed itself, and brought benefits to its people and to the world. We will not and must not close this door of opportunity.
