中國(guó)交通運(yùn)輸發(fā)展
Development of China’s Transport
中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院新聞辦公室
The State Council Information Office of the People’s Republic of China
2016年12月
December 2016
目錄
Contents
前言
Preamble
一、發(fā)展歷程
I. Course of Development
二、綜合交通運(yùn)輸體系建設(shè)
II. Comprehensive Transport System
三、發(fā)揮基礎(chǔ)性先導(dǎo)性服務(wù)性作用
III. Playing a Basic, Pioneering and Serving Role
四、對(duì)外開放與國(guó)際合作
IV. Opening up and International Cooperation
五、未來(lái)五年的發(fā)展目標(biāo)
V. Development Goals for the Next Five Years
結(jié)束語(yǔ)
Conclusion
前言
Preamble
新中國(guó)成立以來(lái)，特別是改革開放以來(lái)，交通運(yùn)輸面貌發(fā)生了歷史性變化，為經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展、人民群眾安全便捷出行作出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。
Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 1949, and especially since the introduction of the reform and opening-up policy in 1978, China’s transport has undergone historic changes, making significant contributions to the country’s social and economic development, and the people’s safe and convenient travel.
新世紀(jì)以來(lái)，中國(guó)政府全面深化交通運(yùn)輸改革，加快建設(shè)現(xiàn)代綜合交通運(yùn)輸體系，不斷提升交通運(yùn)輸行業(yè)治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化水平，交通運(yùn)輸進(jìn)入了各種運(yùn)輸方式交匯融合、統(tǒng)籌發(fā)展的新階段。
Since the start of the 21st century, the Chinese government has furthered the reform in transport, built a modernized comprehensive transport system, improved the management system, and modernized management capacity in transport, bringing China’s transport to a new stage that incorporates multiple modes of transport and promotes their coordinated development.
2020年，中國(guó)將全面建成小康社會(huì)。實(shí)現(xiàn)第一個(gè)“百年目標(biāo)”，交通運(yùn)輸需要進(jìn)一步加快發(fā)展，充分發(fā)揮基礎(chǔ)性先導(dǎo)性服務(wù)性作用，當(dāng)好先行官，為全面建成小康社會(huì)提供堅(jiān)強(qiáng)保障。
China intends to complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects by 2020, which is the first of its Two Centenary Goals. For this end, transport should quicken its pace of development, and fully play its basic, pioneering and serving role as a vanguard and solid guarantee for completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects.
一、發(fā)展歷程
I. Course of Development
新中國(guó)成立之初，交通運(yùn)輸面貌十分落后。全國(guó)鐵路總里程僅2.18萬(wàn)公里，有一半處于癱瘓狀態(tài)。能通車的公路僅8.08萬(wàn)公里，民用汽車5.1萬(wàn)輛。內(nèi)河航道處于自然狀態(tài)。民航航線只有12條。郵政服務(wù)網(wǎng)點(diǎn)較少。主要運(yùn)輸工具還是畜力車和木帆船等。
When the PRC was founded in 1949, transport was underdeveloped. Total railway length was only 21,800 km, half of which was paralyzed. Highway traffic length was only 80,800 km, and civil automobiles numbered only 51,000. Inland waterways were undeveloped, and only 12 civil air routes were operative. Postal outlets were limited. The major means of transport were animal-drawn vehicles and primitive boats.
新中國(guó)成立后，中國(guó)政府明確提出首先要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造一些基本條件恢復(fù)交通運(yùn)輸。經(jīng)過(guò)3年的國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)恢復(fù)期，修復(fù)了被破壞的交通運(yùn)輸設(shè)施設(shè)備，恢復(fù)了水陸空運(yùn)輸。1953年起，開始有計(jì)劃地進(jìn)行交通運(yùn)輸建設(shè)。在第一個(gè)、第二個(gè)五年計(jì)劃和國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)整期間（1953—1965年），國(guó)家投資向交通運(yùn)輸傾斜，改造和新建了一批鐵路、公路、港口碼頭、民用機(jī)場(chǎng)，提高了西部和邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的交通運(yùn)輸基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施覆蓋程度，疏浚了主要航道，新開辟了國(guó)際、國(guó)內(nèi)水路和空中航線，擴(kuò)大了郵政網(wǎng)絡(luò)，增加了運(yùn)輸裝備數(shù)量?！拔幕蟾锩逼陂g（1966—1976年），交通運(yùn)輸發(fā)展一度受到嚴(yán)重干擾，但設(shè)施和裝備規(guī)模、運(yùn)輸線路仍在增加，特別是針對(duì)沿海主要港口壓船、壓港、壓貨日趨嚴(yán)重的局面，加快了港口基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)。在此期間，管道運(yùn)輸也得到了發(fā)展。
Following the founding of the PRC, the Chinese government decided to create the basic conditions to restore transport. During the economic recovery period (1949-1952) damaged transport facilities were repaired, and water, land and air transport were resumed. In 1953 China began to develop transport in a planned way. During the First (1953-1957) and Second (1958-1962) Five-Year Plan periods and the economic adjustment period (1961-1965) China tilted state investment in support of transport. It renovated and built a number of railways, highways, ports and piers, and civil airports; expanded the transport infrastructure coverage in the western and remote regions; dredged major navigation channels; opened new international and domestic sea and air routes; expanded the postal network; and increased the amount of transport equipment.
During the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976), transport was seriously disturbed, but facilities, equipment and routes kept increasing; in view of the severe delays in unloading and transshipment, and overstocking at major coastal ports, port infrastructure construction was accelerated; and pipeline transport developed.
1978年，改革開放揭開了中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的新篇章，交通運(yùn)輸步入了快速發(fā)展階段。中國(guó)政府把交通運(yùn)輸放在優(yōu)先發(fā)展的位置，加大政策扶持力度，在放開交通運(yùn)輸市場(chǎng)、建立社會(huì)化融資機(jī)制方面進(jìn)行開創(chuàng)性探索，積極扭轉(zhuǎn)交通運(yùn)輸不適應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的被動(dòng)局面。鐵路實(shí)行經(jīng)濟(jì)承包責(zé)任制；出臺(tái)了提高養(yǎng)路費(fèi)征收標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、開征車輛購(gòu)置附加費(fèi)以及“貸款修路、收費(fèi)還貸”等扶持公路發(fā)展的三項(xiàng)政策；公路、水運(yùn)工程建設(shè)項(xiàng)目開始實(shí)行招投標(biāo)制度；港口率先對(duì)外開放，海運(yùn)業(yè)最早實(shí)現(xiàn)“走出去”；民航走上了企業(yè)化發(fā)展道路，航空運(yùn)輸市場(chǎng)開始形成；實(shí)施郵政管理體制改革，成立中國(guó)速遞服務(wù)公司，恢復(fù)辦理郵政儲(chǔ)蓄業(yè)務(wù)；加大交通運(yùn)輸建設(shè)投資力度，吸引社會(huì)資本參與基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)。1988年滬嘉高速公路通車，實(shí)現(xiàn)中國(guó)大陸高速公路零的突破。
The reform and opening-up policy adopted in 1978 ushered in a new stage of social and economic development, bringing about the rapid development of transport. The Chinese government prioritized transport development, increased pertinent policy support, made pioneering attempts to open wider the transport market and establish social financing mechanisms, and reversed the adverse situation that transport was unable to match social and economic development.
China implemented the contract responsibility system in railway operation; issued three policies for supporting highway development, namely, raising highway maintenance fee levied on highway users, collecting vehicle purchase tax, and building highways with loans and repaying the loans with tolls. Highway construction and water transport engineering projects started to adopt public bidding. Ports were the first to be opened up to the outside world, and sea transport was the first sector to go global. Civil aviation began to operate as an enterprise, and an air transport market took shape. The postal services management system was reformed, Express Mail Service (EMS) was set up, and postal savings services were resumed. Investment in transport development was increased and non-government capital was attracted to go into transport infrastructure construction. In 1988, the Shanghai-Jiading Expressway was opened to traffic, the first expressway on China’s mainland.
1992年，中國(guó)確立了建立社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的改革目標(biāo)。交通運(yùn)輸不斷加大改革開放力度，各種運(yùn)輸方式發(fā)展取得突破性進(jìn)展。開展鐵路建設(shè)大會(huì)戰(zhàn)，1997年起鐵路進(jìn)行了連續(xù)六次大提速。公路和水運(yùn)實(shí)施公路主骨架、水運(yùn)主通道、港站主樞紐和支持保障系統(tǒng)的“三主一支持”規(guī)劃，制定了加快建設(shè)步伐的目標(biāo)任務(wù)。民航機(jī)場(chǎng)建設(shè)費(fèi)和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)基金、鐵路建設(shè)基金、內(nèi)河航運(yùn)建設(shè)基金先后設(shè)立。為應(yīng)對(duì)東南亞金融危機(jī)，中國(guó)實(shí)施積極的財(cái)政政策，公路建設(shè)投資進(jìn)入“快車道”，高速公路建設(shè)大規(guī)模興起。實(shí)施西部大開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略，全面加強(qiáng)西部地區(qū)鐵路、公路、機(jī)場(chǎng)、天然氣管道干線建設(shè)。提出“修好農(nóng)村路，服務(wù)城鎮(zhèn)化，讓農(nóng)民兄弟走上油路和水泥路”發(fā)展目標(biāo)，掀起農(nóng)村公路建設(shè)新高潮。深化港口管理體制改革，加快港口建設(shè)。實(shí)行郵電分營(yíng)和郵政政企分開，郵政向信息流、資金流和物流“三流合一”的現(xiàn)代郵政業(yè)方向發(fā)展?！吨虚L(zhǎng)期鐵路網(wǎng)規(guī)劃》《國(guó)家高速公路網(wǎng)規(guī)劃》等一系列規(guī)劃陸續(xù)出臺(tái)。大力提升交通運(yùn)輸基本公共服務(wù)水平，全面加強(qiáng)城鄉(xiāng)客運(yùn)、城市公共交通、交通運(yùn)輸安全應(yīng)急救助等領(lǐng)域建設(shè)。2008年組建交通運(yùn)輸部，交通運(yùn)輸大部門體制改革邁出實(shí)質(zhì)性步伐。同年，京津城際鐵路通車運(yùn)營(yíng)，中國(guó)開啟了“高鐵時(shí)代”。
In 1992, China set the reform goal of establishing a socialist market economic system. Reform and opening-up efforts were furthered in transport while the development of various modes of transport achieved breakthrough progress. Since 1997, it has raised its average railway speed six times as a result of large-scale construction. A plan was made to build a transport framework where highways, waterways and ports play the major role, and put in place an advanced transport support system. A goal was set to accelerate related construction. China began to collect civil airport construction fees, and set up a civil airport infrastructure construction fund, a railway construction fund and an inland water transport construction fund in succession. To address the Financial Crisis starting in Southeast Asia, China implemented proactive fiscal policies to speed up investment in highway construction, which spurred the emergence of large-scale expressway construction. Around that time, the country implemented the strategy of developing the western regions, and enhanced the construction of railways, highways, airports and major gas pipelines there. It set the goal of “building asphalt and cement roads in rural areas to facilitate urbanization,” bringing a new upsurge of rural road construction. China furthered the reform of the port management system and accelerated the construction of ports. It separated postal services and telecommunications services, and government functions and enterprise operation in postal services, promoting modern postal services integrating information flow, capital flow and logistics.
The Chinese government issued the Medium- and Long-Term Railway Network Plan, National Expressways Network Plan and related programs, while vigorously improving basic transport public service capacity, urban and rural passenger transport, urban public transport and transport safety emergency rescue. In 2008, China’s Ministry of Transport (MOT) was established, and efforts were made to put all management of transport by air, water and land, as well as postal services under the ministry. The same year, the Beijing-Tianjin Intercity Railway was opened to traffic, marking the start of China’s high-speed rail era.
黨的十八大以來(lái)，交通運(yùn)輸進(jìn)入了加快現(xiàn)代綜合交通運(yùn)輸體系建設(shè)的新階段。2013年，鐵路實(shí)現(xiàn)政企分開，交通運(yùn)輸大部門體制改革基本落實(shí)到位。交通運(yùn)輸全面深化改革，建設(shè)法治政府部門，加快綜合交通、智慧交通、綠色交通、平安交通“四個(gè)交通”建設(shè)，圍繞“一帶一路”建設(shè)、京津冀協(xié)同發(fā)展、長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶建設(shè)三大國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略制定發(fā)展規(guī)劃。加快綜合交通運(yùn)輸基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施成網(wǎng)，推進(jìn)多種運(yùn)輸方式有效銜接。促進(jìn)現(xiàn)代物流業(yè)發(fā)展，提升綜合運(yùn)輸服務(wù)保障水平。加強(qiáng)交通運(yùn)輸基本公共服務(wù)供給和管理，支持集中連片特困地區(qū)交通運(yùn)輸基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、城鄉(xiāng)客運(yùn)、城市公共交通發(fā)展。推進(jìn)東、中、西、東北“四大板塊”區(qū)域交通協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展，西部地區(qū)高鐵加快發(fā)展，中西部地區(qū)交通條件顯著改善。2013年，西藏墨脫公路建成通車，中國(guó)真正實(shí)現(xiàn)縣縣通公路。
Since the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, the construction of a modernized comprehensive transport system has been accelerated. In 2013, railway sector realized separation of government functions from commercial operations, and the institutional reform to establish an efficient government department to exercise unified management of transport by air, water and land, as well as postal services was basically completed. The transport sector has pushed reform to a higher level by enhancing law-based management, promoting comprehensive, smart, green and safe transport, and formulating development plans to serve the Three Initiatives – the Belt and Road Initiative, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Integration Initiative and the Yangtze River Economic Belt Initiative. China has expedited the building of a comprehensive transport infrastructure network, and reinforced the connectivity of multiple modes of transport, advancing modern logistics in this sector and securing comprehensive transport services. It has enhanced the supply and management of basic public services for transport, supporting the development of transport infrastructure in contiguous impoverished areas, urban and rural passenger transport and urban public transport. China has also promoted balanced development of transport in its eastern, central, western and northeastern regions. In this regard, western China has quickened its pace in developing high-speed railways, and overall central and western China’s transport conditions have been greatly improved. In 2013, the Motuo Highway in Tibet was opened to traffic, indicating that every county in China now had access to highways.
60多年來(lái)，中國(guó)交通運(yùn)輸總體上經(jīng)歷了從“瓶頸制約”到“初步緩解”，再到“基本適應(yīng)”經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展需求的奮斗歷程，與世界一流水平的差距快速縮小，部分領(lǐng)域已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)超越，一個(gè)走向現(xiàn)代化的綜合交通運(yùn)輸體系正展現(xiàn)在世界面前。
Over the past 60-odd years, China’s transport has undergone the phases of bottleneck, preliminary alleviation and basic adaptation to socio-economic development demands. China has narrowed its gap with world-class transport, and surpassed the latter in several fields. A modernized comprehensive transport system is now emerging on the horizon.
二、綜合交通運(yùn)輸體系建設(shè)
II. Comprehensive Transport System
經(jīng)過(guò)多年改革發(fā)展，多節(jié)點(diǎn)、全覆蓋的綜合交通運(yùn)輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)初步形成，“五縱五橫”綜合運(yùn)輸大通道基本貫通，一大批綜合客運(yùn)、貨運(yùn)樞紐站場(chǎng)（物流園區(qū)）投入運(yùn)營(yíng)，運(yùn)輸裝備發(fā)展不斷升級(jí)，運(yùn)輸服務(wù)水平顯著提升，科技創(chuàng)新和應(yīng)用實(shí)現(xiàn)重大突破，交通運(yùn)輸市場(chǎng)體系、管理體制和法規(guī)體系不斷完善。
Through years of reform and development, China has formed a multi-nodal and full-coverage transport network; opened up five vertical and five horizontal transport trunk railway lines; put into operation a large number of passenger and freight transport stations (logistics parks); upgraded transport equipment and improved transport service capacity; achieved major breakthroughs in technology innovation and application; and improved the transport market system, management mechanisms and related laws and regulations.
（一）基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施網(wǎng)絡(luò)
1. Infrastructure Network
多層次的鐵路網(wǎng)基本形成。截至2015年年底，全國(guó)鐵路營(yíng)業(yè)總里程達(dá)12.1萬(wàn)公里，規(guī)模居世界第二；其中高速鐵路1.9萬(wàn)公里，位居世界第一。以高速鐵路為骨架、以城際鐵路為補(bǔ)充的快速客運(yùn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)初步建成。全國(guó)鐵路復(fù)線率和電氣化率分別達(dá)到53.5%和61.8%。橫跨東西、縱貫?zāi)媳钡拇竽芰νǖ乐鸩叫纬桑锪髟O(shè)施同步完善，逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)了貨物運(yùn)輸直達(dá)化、快捷化、重載化。
A multi-level railway network has been formed. By the end of 2015, China’s total railway operation length reached 121,000 km, ranking the world’s second, including 19,000-km high-speed railway, ranking the world’s first. An express passenger transport network with high-speed railway as framework and supplemented by intercity railway has been built. The proportion of double-line railway in China was 53.5 percent, and the proportion of electric railway 61.8 percent. China has formed east-west and north-south railway passageways with great transport capacity, improved logistics infrastructure, and realized nonstop, speedy, and heavy-haul freight transport.
廣覆蓋的公路網(wǎng)建立起來(lái)。截至2015年年底，全國(guó)公路通車總里程達(dá)457.73萬(wàn)公里。高速公路通車?yán)锍踢_(dá)12.35萬(wàn)公里，位居世界第一。國(guó)省干線公路網(wǎng)絡(luò)不斷完善，連接了全國(guó)縣級(jí)及以上行政區(qū)。農(nóng)村公路里程達(dá)到398.06萬(wàn)公里，通達(dá)99.9%的鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)和99.8%的建制村。路網(wǎng)技術(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)不斷優(yōu)化，等級(jí)公路里程占公路總里程的88.4%。
A full-coverage highway network has been set up. By the end of 2015, China’s total highway traffic length was 4.58 million km. Expressway length was 123,500 km, ranking first in the world. The national and provincial trunk highway network has been improved, connecting administrative regions at and above the county level nationwide. Rural highway length was 3.98 million km, connecting 99.9 percent of towns and townships and 99.8 percent of administrative villages. The technology structure of the highway network has been improved, with graded highway length accounting for 88.4 percent of total highway length.
初步形成干支銜接的水運(yùn)網(wǎng)。截至2015年年底，全國(guó)港口擁有生產(chǎn)性碼頭泊位3.13萬(wàn)個(gè)，其中萬(wàn)噸級(jí)及以上泊位2221個(gè)，煤炭、原油、金屬礦石、集裝箱等專業(yè)化泊位達(dá)1173個(gè)，港口大型化、深水化、專業(yè)化、自動(dòng)化水平進(jìn)一步提升。內(nèi)河航道通航里程達(dá)12.7萬(wàn)公里，等級(jí)航道占52.2%，高等級(jí)航道達(dá)標(biāo)里程1.36萬(wàn)公里，長(zhǎng)江、西江、京杭運(yùn)河等航道通航條件不斷改善，初步建成了以“兩橫一縱兩網(wǎng)十八線”為主體的內(nèi)河航道體系。
A water transport network connecting trunk and branch lines has been established. By the end of 2015, China had 31,300 quay berths for production use, including 2,221 berths of 10,000-ton-class or above and 1,173 specialized berths for coal, crude oil, metal ores and containers, and improved large-scale, professional and automated deep-water ports. Inland waterway navigable length was 127,000 km, with graded waterways accounting for 52.2 percent, and the length of high-grade waterways reaching 13,600 km. China has improved the navigation conditions of the Yangtze and Xijiang rivers and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, and formed an inland waterway system composed of two horizontal trunk waterways, one vertical trunk waterway, two high-grade waterway networks and 18 high-grade mainstream and tributary waterways.
民用機(jī)場(chǎng)體系基本成型。截至2015年年底，全國(guó)民航運(yùn)輸機(jī)場(chǎng)達(dá)210個(gè)，初步形成了以北京、上海、廣州等國(guó)際樞紐機(jī)場(chǎng)為中心，省會(huì)城市和重點(diǎn)城市區(qū)域樞紐機(jī)場(chǎng)為骨干，以及其他干、支線機(jī)場(chǎng)相互配合的格局?？展茉O(shè)施建設(shè)不斷加強(qiáng)，2015年保障飛機(jī)起降達(dá)到856.6萬(wàn)架次。通用機(jī)場(chǎng)加快發(fā)展。機(jī)場(chǎng)軌道交通和機(jī)場(chǎng)快速通道加快建設(shè)，機(jī)場(chǎng)與其他交通運(yùn)輸方式的銜接更加緊密。
A civil airport system has taken shape. By the end of 2015, China had 210 civil transport airports, forming a pattern with international hub airports in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou as centers, with regional hub airports in provincial capitals and major cities as junctures, and some other support trunk and branch airports. Air traffic control facilities have been improved, which secured 8.57 million takeoffs and landings in 2015. General aviation airports have been developing quickly. Airport rail and fast-track transit have been rapidly improved, and the connectivity between airports and other modes of transport has been enhanced.
鄉(xiāng)鄉(xiāng)設(shè)所、村村通郵總體實(shí)現(xiàn)。截至2015年年底，全國(guó)郵路總條數(shù)達(dá)2.5萬(wàn)條，郵路總長(zhǎng)度（單程）達(dá)637.6萬(wàn)公里，郵政普遍服務(wù)營(yíng)業(yè)場(chǎng)所總數(shù)達(dá)5.4萬(wàn)處，村郵站總數(shù)達(dá)21萬(wàn)個(gè)?？爝f服務(wù)營(yíng)業(yè)網(wǎng)點(diǎn)達(dá)18.3萬(wàn)處，網(wǎng)路總長(zhǎng)度（單程）達(dá)2370.5萬(wàn)公里。
Post offices for each township and postal services for each village have been realized. By the end of 2015, China’s postal routes totaled 25,000, with a total length of 6.38 million km; postal outlets totaled 54,000, and village mail stations totaled 210,000. Express delivery outlets numbered 183,000, with a total network length of 23.71 million km.
油氣管道骨干網(wǎng)絡(luò)初步形成。截至2015年年底，全國(guó)陸上油氣管道總里程達(dá)11.2萬(wàn)公里，初步形成了覆蓋全國(guó)31個(gè)?。▍^(qū)、市）的原油、成品油和天然氣三大主干網(wǎng)絡(luò)和“西油東送、北油南運(yùn)、西氣東輸、北氣南下、海氣登陸”的油氣輸送網(wǎng)絡(luò)。
Oil and gas pipelines have formed a trunk network. By the end of 2015, China’s onshore oil and gas pipelines had a total length of 112,000 km, covering 31 provinces, municipalities directly under the central government and autonomous regions, forming a trunk-pipeline network for crude oil, refined oil and natural gas as well as an oil and gas transmission network which transports oil from the west to the east and from the north to the south, transmits gas from the west to the east and from the north to the south, and brings gas from offshore.
（二）運(yùn)輸服務(wù)能力
1. Transport Service Capacity
運(yùn)輸量位居世界前位。2015年，全社會(huì)完成客運(yùn)量194.3億人、旅客周轉(zhuǎn)量30047億人公里；完成貨運(yùn)量410億噸、貨物周轉(zhuǎn)量173690.6億噸公里。鐵路旅客周轉(zhuǎn)量、貨運(yùn)量居世界第一，貨運(yùn)周轉(zhuǎn)量居世界第二，公路客貨運(yùn)輸量及周轉(zhuǎn)量、水路貨運(yùn)量及周轉(zhuǎn)量均居世界第一，民航運(yùn)輸總周轉(zhuǎn)量、旅客周轉(zhuǎn)量、貨郵周轉(zhuǎn)量均居世界第二。全國(guó)港口完成貨物吞吐量和集裝箱吞吐量均居世界第一。郵政業(yè)年服務(wù)用戶超過(guò)700億人次，快遞年業(yè)務(wù)量居世界第一，大型網(wǎng)絡(luò)購(gòu)物促銷“雙11”活動(dòng)單日處理峰值超過(guò)1.6億件。管道貨運(yùn)量達(dá)7.1億噸，周轉(zhuǎn)量達(dá)4138.8億噸公里。
China’s transport volume leads the world. In 2015, China’s passenger transport volume was 19.43 billion persons, and passenger turnover was 3.0 trillion passenger-km (pkm); freight transport volume was 41 billion tons, and freight turnover was 17.37 trillion ton-km (tkm). In terms of railway transport, passenger turnover and freight transport volume ranked first in the world, and freight turnover ranked second. In terms of highway transport, passenger and freight transport volume and passenger and freight turnover ranked first in the world. In terms of waterway transport, freight transport volume and freight turnover also ranked first in the world. In terms of civil aviation transport, total turnover, passenger turnover, and cargo and mail turnover all ranked second in the world. In terms of port transport, cargo throughput and container throughput ranked first in the world. In terms of postal services, the number of customers exceeded 70 billion. In terms of express delivery, business volume ranked first in the world; on November 11, Online Shopping Day, the number of parcels delivered in one day reached the year’s peak of 160 million pieces. In terms of pipeline transportation, freight transport volume was 710 million tons and freight turnover was 413.88 billion tkm.
運(yùn)輸服務(wù)質(zhì)量全面提升。多式聯(lián)運(yùn)、甩掛運(yùn)輸?shù)认冗M(jìn)運(yùn)輸組織模式及冷鏈等專業(yè)物流快速發(fā)展，集裝箱、廂式貨車等標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化運(yùn)載單元加快推廣，城鄉(xiāng)物流配送信息化、集約化程度明顯提升，提高了社會(huì)物流運(yùn)行效率。交通運(yùn)輸安全水平大幅改善，鐵路旅客運(yùn)輸總體安全水平居世界前列，2015年道路交通萬(wàn)車事故死亡人數(shù)較2005年下降了72.4%，全國(guó)運(yùn)輸船舶百萬(wàn)噸港口吞吐量等級(jí)以上事故件數(shù)平均每年下降5%，民航運(yùn)輸航空百萬(wàn)小時(shí)重大事故率10年滾動(dòng)值為0.018（世界平均水平為0.24）。大力提升客運(yùn)基本公共服務(wù)均等化水平，“公交優(yōu)先”戰(zhàn)略扎實(shí)推進(jìn)，全國(guó)公交專用車道達(dá)8569公里，快速公交系統(tǒng)（BRT）線路長(zhǎng)度達(dá)3081公里，定制公交、夜間公交等特色公共交通服務(wù)產(chǎn)品的新模式不斷豐富，網(wǎng)約出租汽車等新業(yè)態(tài)快速發(fā)展。
Transport service quality has been improved. Multimodal transport, drop and pull transport and cold chain logistics have developed quickly; the use of standardized transport units such as containers and vans has been promoted; and urban and rural logistics have enhanced IT application and intensified services, thus increasing logistics efficiency. Transport safety has been greatly improved, and China’s railway passenger transport safety leads the world. In 2015, the number of death toll per 10,000 vehicle road accidents dropped by 72.4 percent over 2005; the number of accidents of cargo vessels of a million-ton-class throughput and above has decreased by five percent on average annually since 2005; the rolling ten-year accident rate per one million flight hours in civil aviation transport was 0.018 in 2015 (the world’s average is 0.24). Equitable basic public services in passenger transport and the strategy of “public transit priority” have been promoted. The length of exclusive bus lanes has reached 8,569 km, and the length of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) lines 3,081 km. In addition, new and specialized public transport services, such as customized shuttle and night buses, have increased, and new models of transport service including online taxi booking have been developing rapidly.
運(yùn)輸服務(wù)通達(dá)性顯著增強(qiáng)。高速鐵路覆蓋百萬(wàn)人口以上城市比例達(dá)65%。道路客運(yùn)線路達(dá)18.1萬(wàn)條。全國(guó)城市公共汽（電）車運(yùn)營(yíng)線路突破4.5萬(wàn)條，城市軌道交通運(yùn)營(yíng)線路達(dá)105條，運(yùn)營(yíng)線路總長(zhǎng)度達(dá)3195公里。水路國(guó)際運(yùn)輸航線和集裝箱班輪航線往來(lái)100多個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)的1000多個(gè)港口。民航定期航班航線達(dá)3326條，航線里程超過(guò)786.6萬(wàn)公里（按重復(fù)距離計(jì)算），通達(dá)境內(nèi)204個(gè)城市，香港、澳門、臺(tái)灣地區(qū)以及55個(gè)國(guó)家（地區(qū)）的137個(gè)城市。全國(guó)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)快遞服務(wù)營(yíng)業(yè)網(wǎng)點(diǎn)覆蓋率達(dá)70%。
Transport service accessibility has been expanded. High-speed railway coverage of cities with a population of over one million each has reached 65 percent, and the number of passenger transport routes has reached 181,000. The number of urban bus and trolley bus routes in operation has exceeded 45,000, and the number of urban rail transit routes in operation has reached 105, with a total length of 3,195 km. International waterway transport routes and container shipment routes now connect over 1,000 ports in more than 100 countries and regions. Scheduled civil aviation flights operate on 3,326 routes, with a total length of 7.87 million km, reaching 204 cities in China’s mainland, the Hong Kong SAR, Macao SAR and Taiwan, as well as 137 cities in 55 foreign countries and regions. Express delivery outlets now serve 70 percent of towns and townships nationwide.
運(yùn)輸工具技術(shù)水平不斷提高。截至2015年年底，鐵路主要干線全部實(shí)現(xiàn)內(nèi)燃、電力機(jī)車牽引，客貨運(yùn)輸車輛品種和結(jié)構(gòu)均實(shí)現(xiàn)升級(jí)換代。民用汽車數(shù)量達(dá)到17228萬(wàn)輛，公路客貨營(yíng)運(yùn)車輛總數(shù)達(dá)1473萬(wàn)輛，貨運(yùn)車輛平均噸位數(shù)由6.3噸增加至7.5噸，專用貨車（含甩掛運(yùn)輸車輛）占比由5.1%提高至27.2%，營(yíng)運(yùn)客車高檔化、舒適化和貨運(yùn)車輛大型化、專業(yè)化程度不斷提高。水上運(yùn)輸船舶達(dá)16.6萬(wàn)艘，海運(yùn)船隊(duì)運(yùn)力總規(guī)模達(dá)1.6億噸，內(nèi)河貨運(yùn)船舶平均噸位超過(guò)800噸，高等級(jí)航道通航水域船型標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化率達(dá)到50%，船舶大型化、專業(yè)化和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化發(fā)展趨勢(shì)明顯。民航擁有運(yùn)輸飛機(jī)在冊(cè)架數(shù)2650架，通用航空企業(yè)擁有在冊(cè)航空器1904架。郵政業(yè)擁有各類汽車24.4萬(wàn)輛、國(guó)內(nèi)快遞專用貨機(jī)71架。
Means of transport and technology have been improved. By the end of 2015, all railway trunk lines had realized diesel and electric locomotive traction; types and structures of passenger and freight transport vehicles had been upgraded and updated. Civil automobiles numbered 172.28 million; highway passenger and freight transport vehicles in operation totaled 14.73 million; the average tonnage of freight transport vehicles increased from 6.3 to 7.5 tons; the proportion of special-use freight vehicles (including trailers) rose from 5.1 percent to 27.2 percent; passenger transport vehicles in operation have become advanced and comfortable, while freight transport vehicles have become larger and have been specified for various uses. Water transport vessels numbered 166,000; ocean cargo fleet had a total capacity of 160 million tons; inland waterway freight transport vessels had an average tonnage of more than 800 tons; the rate of standard ship types operating in navigable waters of high-grade waterways reached 50 percent; transport vessels have been developed towards large-size, specialized-use and standard types. Civil aviation had 2,650 registered planes, while general aviation had 1,904. Postal services had 244,000 transport vehicles and 71 cargo planes for domestic express delivery.
初步建立高效的安全監(jiān)管和海上應(yīng)急救助體系。建立和完善國(guó)家海上搜救和重大海上溢油應(yīng)急處置部際聯(lián)席會(huì)議制度，海上搜救打撈力量持續(xù)增強(qiáng)，搜救志愿者隊(duì)伍不斷擴(kuò)大。初步構(gòu)建了廣泛覆蓋、反應(yīng)迅速、立體高效的水上交通安全監(jiān)管和海上應(yīng)急保障體系。
An efficient safety regulation and maritime emergency aid system has been established. China has established and improved the inter-ministerial joint conference system for maritime search and rescue, and major marine oil spill emergency disposal. It has also improved its maritime search and rescue efforts and increased the number of volunteers. Overall, China has preliminarily built an extensive, prompt and efficient system of waterway transport safety regulation and maritime emergency support.
（三）科技創(chuàng)新和應(yīng)用
1. Technology Innovation and Application
基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)技術(shù)世界領(lǐng)先。高速鐵路、高寒鐵路、高原鐵路、重載鐵路技術(shù)邁入世界先進(jìn)行列，高速鐵路成為“中國(guó)制造”和“走出去”的新名片。高原凍土、膨脹土、沙漠等特殊地質(zhì)的鐵路、公路建設(shè)技術(shù)克服世界級(jí)難題，青藏公路、青藏鐵路先后建成通車運(yùn)營(yíng)。陸續(xù)建成一批世界級(jí)特大橋隧，特大橋隧建造技術(shù)達(dá)到世界先進(jìn)水平。離岸深水港建設(shè)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)、巨型河口航道整治技術(shù)、長(zhǎng)河段航道系統(tǒng)治理技術(shù)以及大型機(jī)場(chǎng)工程建設(shè)技術(shù)世界領(lǐng)先，實(shí)施港珠澳大橋、洋山港集裝箱碼頭、長(zhǎng)江口深水航道治理等系列重大工程。
China leads the world in infrastructure construction. China’s technologies for high-speed, alpine, plateau and heavy-haul railways have reached the world’s advanced level, while high-speed railways have become a symbol of made-in-China and going-global products. Railway and highway construction technologies have overcome world-level geological challenges such as plateau permafrost, and expansive soil and desert. The construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Highway and Qinghai-Tibet Railway has been completed and they have been opened to traffic. A number of world-class large bridges and tunnels have been built with globally advanced construction technologies. China’s key construction technologies for offshore deep-water ports, improved technologies for large estuary waterways and long waterways, and construction technologies for large-scale airports are leading the world. The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, Yangshan Port Container Terminal, Yangtze Estuary Deepwater Channel Improvement Project, and other major construction projects have been carried out.
裝備制造技術(shù)快速進(jìn)步。以高速列車、大功率機(jī)車為代表的一批具有自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的高性能鐵路裝備技術(shù)達(dá)到世界先進(jìn)水平，部分達(dá)到世界領(lǐng)先水平。新能源道路運(yùn)輸裝備初步實(shí)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)業(yè)化。自主研制的支線客機(jī)、通用飛機(jī)、直升機(jī)已交付使用，C919大型客機(jī)總裝下線，中國(guó)成為世界上為數(shù)不多的能夠自主研制大飛機(jī)的國(guó)家。大型專業(yè)化碼頭裝卸設(shè)備制造、海工機(jī)械特種船舶、集裝箱成套設(shè)備制造技術(shù)領(lǐng)先世界，300米飽和潛水取得創(chuàng)新性突破。郵政光學(xué)字符識(shí)別（OCR）、視頻補(bǔ)碼、碼址校驗(yàn)等分揀技術(shù)處于世界領(lǐng)先水平。
Equipment manufacturing has made rapid progress. High-performance railway equipment technologies with proprietary intellectual property rights, represented by high-speed railways and high-power locomotives, have reached the advanced world level, with some of them leading the world. New-energy road transport equipment has realized preliminary industrialization. Feeder liners, general aviation aircraft and helicopters independently developed by China have been put into use, and the C919 airliner has rolled off the assembly line, making China one of the few countries capable of developing large airliners independently. China’s manufacturing technologies for large, specialized equipment for terminal loading and unloading, special marine engineering machinery vessels and complete sets of container transport equipment are world-leaders, while its 300-m saturation diving technology has achieved a breakthrough. Sorting technologies in postal services, including optical character recognition (OCR), video complement and address check via bar code have reached the world’s top level.
信息化智能化技術(shù)廣泛應(yīng)用。大數(shù)據(jù)、云計(jì)算、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)、移動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)等信息通信技術(shù)在交通運(yùn)輸領(lǐng)域廣泛應(yīng)用，線上線下結(jié)合的商業(yè)模式蓬勃發(fā)展。鐵路建成了客運(yùn)聯(lián)網(wǎng)售票系統(tǒng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了運(yùn)輸生產(chǎn)調(diào)度指揮信息化。高速公路電子不停車收費(fèi)系統(tǒng)（ETC）基本實(shí)現(xiàn)了全國(guó)聯(lián)網(wǎng)。港口電子數(shù)據(jù)交換系統(tǒng)（EDI）、船舶交通管理系統(tǒng)（VTS）、船舶自動(dòng)識(shí)別系統(tǒng)（AIS）在水運(yùn)管理中廣泛應(yīng)用，開發(fā)了長(zhǎng)江干線電子航道圖技術(shù)。民航商務(wù)信息系統(tǒng)處于世界先進(jìn)水平。郵政建立國(guó)家、省、市三級(jí)聯(lián)動(dòng)視頻監(jiān)控體系。無(wú)線射頻識(shí)別技術(shù)（RFID）、全球衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)（GNSS）等現(xiàn)代導(dǎo)航信息技術(shù)在民航運(yùn)輸、物流配送中廣泛應(yīng)用。北斗導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)成為第三個(gè)面向國(guó)際航海應(yīng)用的全球衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)。
Information and intelligent technologies have been extensively applied. Information and communications technologies, such as big data, cloud computing, Internet of Things and mobile Internet, have been widely applied in transport, and combined online and traditional business models are thriving. Railway passenger transport has developed an online booking system, and realized IT application in transport management. Expressway transport has formed a nationwide Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) network. Port Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) and Vessel Automatic Identification System (AIS) have been widely applied in water transport management, and an electronic nautical chart of the trunk waterways of the Yangtze River has been developed. China’s civil aviation business information system is globally advanced. Postal services have established a video joint monitoring system at national, provincial and municipal levels. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and other modern navigation technologies have been applied to civil aviation and logistics. The Beidou Navigation Satellite System has become the third GNSS applied in international navigation.
（四）改革與法治建設(shè)
1. Reform and Rule of Law
市場(chǎng)體系不斷完善。經(jīng)過(guò)30多年的市場(chǎng)化進(jìn)程，交通建設(shè)、養(yǎng)護(hù)、運(yùn)輸不斷推向市場(chǎng)。積極推行市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入負(fù)面清單制度，鼓勵(lì)和引導(dǎo)社會(huì)資本參與交通運(yùn)輸投資運(yùn)營(yíng)，大力推廣社會(huì)資本與政府合作模式（PPP)。交通運(yùn)輸全面實(shí)現(xiàn)政企分開。不斷推進(jìn)簡(jiǎn)政放權(quán)，創(chuàng)新優(yōu)化行政審批服務(wù)方式。加快市場(chǎng)信用體系建設(shè)，市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管體系逐步完善，統(tǒng)一開放、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)有序的交通運(yùn)輸市場(chǎng)基本形成。
Market system has been improved. Through over 30 years of marketization, transport construction, maintenance and traffic have become market-oriented. China has issued its Negative List for Market Access, encouraging non-government capital to invest in transport operation, and vigorously promoting Public-Private Partnership (PPP). Transport has separated government functions from enterprise operation completely. The government has also streamlined its administration and delegated authority, and innovated and improved government approval services. Transport has been boosting the market credit system and improving market regulation. As a result, a unified, open transport market of orderly competition has been formed.
法律法規(guī)體系基本形成。適應(yīng)改革發(fā)展需要，對(duì)交通運(yùn)輸法律法規(guī)進(jìn)行了大量的立、改、廢工作。目前，共有《鐵路法》《公路法》《港口法》《航道法》《海商法》《海上交通安全法》《民用航空法》《郵政法》等8部法律、《鐵路安全管理?xiàng)l例》《公路安全保護(hù)條例》《道路運(yùn)輸條例》《國(guó)際海運(yùn)條例》《內(nèi)河交通安全管理?xiàng)l例》《船員條例》《民用機(jī)場(chǎng)管理?xiàng)l例》《民用航空安全保衛(wèi)條例》《郵政法實(shí)施細(xì)則》等65部行政法規(guī)，以及300余件部門規(guī)章。
Legal framework has taken shape. To meet the demands of reform and development, China has promulgated, revised and annulled transport laws and regulations. Currently, China has eight relevant laws, namely, the Railway Law, Highway Law, Law on Ports, Waterway Law, Maritime Law, Maritime Traffic Safety Law, Civil Aviation Law and Postal Law. In addition, there are 65 relevant administrative regulations, including the Regulations on the Administration of Railway Safety, Regulations on the Administration of Highway Safety, Regulations on Road Transport, Regulations on International Maritime Transport, Regulations on the Administration of Traffic Safety in Inland Waters, Regulations on Seamen, Regulations on the Administration of Civil Airports, Regulations on Civil Aviation Safety, and Rules for the Implementation of the Postal Law. There are also more than 300 relevant departmental rules.
綜合交通運(yùn)輸管理體制初步建立。2008年、2013年實(shí)施兩輪交通運(yùn)輸大部門制改革，形成了由交通運(yùn)輸部管理國(guó)家鐵路局、中國(guó)民用航空局、國(guó)家郵政局的大部門管理體制架構(gòu)。各地積極推進(jìn)綜合交通運(yùn)輸管理體制改革，加快綜合交通運(yùn)輸體系建設(shè)。
Comprehensive transport management system has been preliminarily established. In 2008 and 2013 respectively, China launched two rounds of institutional reform to establish a large transport department, namely, the Ministry of Transport, which put the National Railways Administration, Civil Aviation Administration of China and State Postal Bureau under its management. All localities are promoting structural reform for comprehensive transport management, and quickening their pace in building a comprehensive transport system.
三、發(fā)揮基礎(chǔ)性先導(dǎo)性服務(wù)性作用
III. Playing a Basic, Pioneering and Serving Role
著眼全面建成小康社會(huì)，中國(guó)政府堅(jiān)持把交通運(yùn)輸擺在先行發(fā)展的重要位置，交通運(yùn)輸在推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展、服務(wù)和改善民生以及促進(jìn)生態(tài)文明建設(shè)方面，發(fā)揮了基礎(chǔ)性先導(dǎo)性服務(wù)性作用。
To complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects, the Chinese government gives priority to transport, which plays a basic, pioneering and serving role in promoting economic and social development, in serving the people and improving their living standards, and in enhancing ecological progress.
（一）推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展
1. Promoting Economic and Social Development
支撐經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)。交通運(yùn)輸基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資是經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定增長(zhǎng)的助推器，“十二五”期間，中國(guó)交通運(yùn)輸基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施完成投資12.5萬(wàn)億元。交通運(yùn)輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)的完善和服務(wù)水平的提高，推動(dòng)了經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行效率提升，降低了物流成本，帶動(dòng)了汽車、船舶、冶金、物流、電商、旅游、房地產(chǎn)等相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展，創(chuàng)造了大量就業(yè)崗位。2015年，郵政業(yè)支撐的國(guó)內(nèi)網(wǎng)購(gòu)交易額突破3萬(wàn)億元。
Supporting economic growth. Investment in transport infrastructure is the engine of stable economic growth. During the 12th Five-Year Plan period (2011-2015), a total of RMB12.5 trillion was invested in China’s transport infrastructure. The improvement in the transport network and relevant services has increased the efficiency of economic operation, reduced logistics cost, boosted the development of relevant industries such as automobiles, shipping, metallurgy, logistics, e-commerce, tourism and real estate, and created many jobs. In 2015, China’s total online purchasing transactions, supported by the postal industry, surpassed RMB3 trillion.
保障物資運(yùn)輸。便捷高效的物流基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施網(wǎng)絡(luò)，促進(jìn)了多種運(yùn)輸方式順暢銜接和高效中轉(zhuǎn)，提升了物流體系綜合服務(wù)水平，有力保障了煤炭、原油、鐵礦石、糧食等重點(diǎn)物資運(yùn)輸，2015年中國(guó)港口完成煤炭一次下水量6.7億噸、外貿(mào)原油接卸量3.2億噸、外貿(mào)鐵礦石接卸量10億噸。開辟鮮活農(nóng)產(chǎn)品“綠色通道”，有效保障和滿足了人民群眾的生產(chǎn)生活需求。
Ensuring cargo transport. China’s convenient and efficient logistics network has ensured the smooth and efficient transition between different means of transport, enhanced the efficiency of the logistics system, and guaranteed the transport of coal, crude oil, iron ore, grain, and other key items of cargo. In 2015, some 670 million tons of coal were shipped at Chinese ports, which also unloaded 320 million tons of crude oil and 1 billion tons of iron ore. Express lines were made available for fresh farm produce, effectively meeting the needs of the people.
促進(jìn)區(qū)域和城鄉(xiāng)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。中國(guó)政府把推進(jìn)交通運(yùn)輸先行發(fā)展作為支撐“四大板塊”“三大戰(zhàn)略”等國(guó)家區(qū)域發(fā)展總體戰(zhàn)略的重點(diǎn)任務(wù)，積極打通發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)、中等發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)、欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)之間的聯(lián)系通道。依托京滬、京廣、沿海、沿江等綜合運(yùn)輸大通道以及長(zhǎng)三角、珠三角、環(huán)渤海等港口群形成的經(jīng)濟(jì)帶、城市群，成為中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)最具活力、人口最為密集的區(qū)域。城際公路客運(yùn)普及和城際軌道加快建設(shè)促進(jìn)了城市群一體化發(fā)展，城鄉(xiāng)交通一體化讓城鄉(xiāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)融合更緊密。
Facilitating the coordinated development between regions and between urban and rural areas. The Chinese government gives priority to the development of transport and enables the transport industry to play a pioneering role in supporting the regional development of eastern, central, western and northeastern China and the Three Initiatives, in an effort to connect China’s developed, moderately developed and underdeveloped areas. China is building economic belts and urban agglomerations along the railway lines from Beijing to Shanghai and Guangzhou, along the coastline and the Yangtze River, near the ports in the Yangtze River and Pearl River deltas and along the Bohai Sea Rim, striving to make these areas the most economically viable and populous in the country. The growth of intercity highway transport and the development of intercity rails have facilitated the integrated development of urban agglomerations, and the integration of urban and rural transport is bringing the urban and rural areas closer economically.
（二）服務(wù)和改善民生
1. Serving the People and Improving Their Living Standards
服務(wù)群眾安全便捷出行。推動(dòng)“平安交通”建設(shè)，著力構(gòu)建科學(xué)完善的交通運(yùn)輸安全體系，運(yùn)輸結(jié)構(gòu)不斷優(yōu)化，服務(wù)水平不斷提升，人民群眾出行由“走得了”向“走得好”升級(jí)發(fā)展?！按哼\(yùn)”等節(jié)假日綜合運(yùn)輸服務(wù)保障能力顯著提升。城市公交出行分擔(dān)率穩(wěn)步提高，舒適度不斷提升?！盎ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)+交通運(yùn)輸”快速發(fā)展，提供實(shí)時(shí)交通運(yùn)行狀態(tài)查詢、出行路線規(guī)劃、線（網(wǎng)）上購(gòu)票、智能停車等“一站式”服務(wù)。12328交通運(yùn)輸服務(wù)監(jiān)督電話全面開通。
Providing transport services to the people and making their travel safe and convenient. China is striving to build a sound system to improve transport safety, upgrade the transport structure and improve transport services, in an effort to provide better services to people. The transport capacity and service during the Spring Festival (i.e., Chinese New Year) and other travel peaks have been significantly enhanced. In cities, the percentage of people taking public transit is on the rise, and comfort level of such transport means has been greatly enhanced. With the rapid growth of the “Internet + transport,” passengers can now check the real-time status of traffic, plan their trips ahead of time, purchase tickets online, and enjoy “smart” parking and other one-stop services. The transport service and complaints hotline 12328 has been put into use.
助力扶貧脫貧。進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)以來(lái)，先后實(shí)施鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)和建制村通達(dá)通暢工程、集中連片特困地區(qū)交通扶貧等10多個(gè)專項(xiàng)建設(shè)計(jì)劃，加大對(duì)農(nóng)村地區(qū)、貧困地區(qū)交通建設(shè)的支持力度。“十二五”期間，投入車購(gòu)稅資金超過(guò)5500億元支持交通扶貧建設(shè)，集中連片特困地區(qū)83.8%的縣城通二級(jí)及以上公路，86.2%的建制村實(shí)現(xiàn)通硬化路。提高貧困地區(qū)農(nóng)村客運(yùn)車輛通達(dá)率，逐步解決了溜索等特殊問(wèn)題。
Supporting the poverty reduction and eradication effort. Entering the 21st century, China has initiated a dozen projects to connect townships, towns and administrative villages to the road grid, and built transport infrastructure in contiguous impoverished areas, with increased support for transport development in rural and impoverished areas. During the 12th Five-Year Plan period, over RMB550 billion of vehicle purchase tax was allocated to support transport development in poor areas. In contiguous impoverished areas, 83.8 percent of county seats now have roads of Grade II or above, and 86.2 percent of administrative villages have tarmac and cement roads. More buses now operate on routes linking poverty-stricken areas, and ropeways are being replaced by bridges.
有效應(yīng)對(duì)突發(fā)事件。交通運(yùn)輸應(yīng)急體系在重大自然災(zāi)害、安全事故等突發(fā)事件應(yīng)急救援中發(fā)揮重要作用。在汶川、玉樹等地震災(zāi)害和南方雨雪冰凍災(zāi)害中，交通運(yùn)輸救援隊(duì)伍第一時(shí)間搶通救災(zāi)“生命線”，為搶救生命贏得寶貴時(shí)間。海上搜救力量妥善完成多起海上重大突發(fā)事件應(yīng)急處置工作，積極參與馬航MH370失事客機(jī)搜尋等工作。2010年至2015年，組織協(xié)調(diào)海上搜救行動(dòng)12411次，搜救遇險(xiǎn)人員108464人，其中外籍人員8070人。
Effectively addressing emergencies. The transport emergency response system plays a key role in the rescue and relief work following natural disasters, accidents and similar contingencies. In the wake of the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, Yushu earthquake in 2010 and the devastating snowstorms in southern China in 2008, emergency transport response teams were among the first to arrive at the scene and open up “l(fā)ifelines” for relief. China’s marine search and rescue teams have been engaged in rescue work connected with many emergencies at sea, and actively took part in the search for the Malaysian Airline flight MH370. In the period 2010-2015, China organized and coordinated 12,411 marine search and rescue missions, saving 108,464 lives, including 8,070 foreigners.
（三）促進(jìn)生態(tài)文明建設(shè)
1. Enhancing Ecological Progress
促進(jìn)節(jié)能減排。大力推進(jìn)綠色交通建設(shè)，與2010年相比，2015年國(guó)家鐵路單位運(yùn)輸工作量綜合能耗下降6%，營(yíng)運(yùn)車輛單位運(yùn)輸周轉(zhuǎn)量能耗下降6.5%，營(yíng)運(yùn)船舶單位運(yùn)輸周轉(zhuǎn)量能耗下降10.5%，民航噸公里油耗下降近5%。實(shí)施“公交優(yōu)先”戰(zhàn)略，新能源和清潔能源運(yùn)輸工具不斷增加，公共自行車系統(tǒng)快速興起。在珠三角、長(zhǎng)三角、環(huán)渤海（京津冀）水域設(shè)立了船舶排放控制區(qū)。長(zhǎng)江干線、京杭運(yùn)河、部分沿海地區(qū)開展水運(yùn)行業(yè)應(yīng)用液化天然氣（LNG）試點(diǎn)示范，部分港口安裝了碼頭油氣回收裝置，實(shí)施了船舶岸電工程。
Promoting energy-saving and emission-reduction. China has been vigorously promoting the green development of transport. Compared to the 2010 levels, in 2015, the comprehensive energy consumption per unit railway transport dropped by six percent, the energy consumption per unit transport turnover of operating vehicles and ships went down by 6.5 percent and 10.5 percent respectively, and the ton/km fuel consumption of civil aviation decreased by almost five percent. The strategy of “public transit priority” has been implemented, supported by growing new- and clean-energy means of transport and a rapidly developing public bicycle rental system. In the Pearl River and Yangtze River deltas, and Bohai Sea Rim (Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei) area, restriction zones have been set up to curb emissions from ships. Along the arteries of the Yangtze River and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, and in some coastal regions, pilot and demonstration projects of LNG use have been launched for water-borne transport, oil vapor recovery units installed at some ports and shore power provided to ships.
保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境。在交通運(yùn)輸規(guī)劃、設(shè)計(jì)、建設(shè)、運(yùn)營(yíng)等環(huán)節(jié)貫徹生態(tài)保護(hù)理念，逐步建設(shè)了一批示范性綠色鐵路、公路、港口和航道，探索創(chuàng)新荒漠區(qū)、高寒區(qū)、圍填海區(qū)域交通運(yùn)輸基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施生態(tài)修復(fù)技術(shù)?！笆濉逼陂g，完成交通運(yùn)輸基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施生態(tài)修復(fù)總里程近1300公里，修復(fù)總面積超過(guò)5000萬(wàn)平方米。公路路面廢舊料循環(huán)利用率達(dá)到40%。全國(guó)煤炭運(yùn)輸港口、重點(diǎn)礦石運(yùn)輸港口開展粉塵污染控制措施，沿海地區(qū)、長(zhǎng)江干線布設(shè)了溢油應(yīng)急設(shè)備庫(kù)和配置點(diǎn)。高速鐵路采用“以橋代路”，有效節(jié)約了耕地，減少了對(duì)沿線城鎮(zhèn)的切割。
Protecting the ecological environment. China is promoting ecological conservation in the planning, designing, construction, and operation of transport projects, and has built a number of railways, highways, ports and sea routes for demonstration purposes. It is also experimenting with ecological restoration technologies in transport infrastructure in deserts, alpine regions, and reclamation areas. During the 12th Five-Year Plan period, China restored the ecology along 1,300 km of transport lines, with a total area of 50 million sq m. The recycling rate of road-surface materials reached 40 percent. Measures have been adopted to control dust pollution at coal and other minerals transport ports, and equipment storages and installation venues have been set up in coastal areas and along the Yangtze River in case of oil spills. Instead of tracks laid on the ground, many of China’s high-speed trains run on elevated rails to spare farmlands and keep the towns along the routes intact.
四、對(duì)外開放與國(guó)際合作
IV. Opening up and International Cooperation
中國(guó)政府大力推進(jìn)與國(guó)際間的互聯(lián)互通，在擴(kuò)大開放的同時(shí)，不斷深化與世界合作，構(gòu)建了全方位、多層次、多渠道的交通運(yùn)輸對(duì)外開放和國(guó)際合作新格局。
The Chinese government proactively enhances its connectivity with the world community, continuing to open up to and deepening its cooperation with the rest of the world. An all-dimensional, multi-layer and multi-channel framework has been formed in transport as regards opening up to the outside world and international cooperation.
（一）國(guó)際客貨運(yùn)輸
1. International Passenger and Freight Transport
加強(qiáng)國(guó)際互聯(lián)互通。截至2015年年底，中國(guó)與周邊14個(gè)國(guó)家中的5個(gè)國(guó)家有鐵路聯(lián)通，有11個(gè)鐵路口岸，開行多條通往歐洲和亞洲國(guó)家的中歐、中亞鐵路集裝箱班列，常年開通的邊境公路口岸基本通二級(jí)及以上公路，一批具有國(guó)際物流功能的物流園區(qū)和貨運(yùn)場(chǎng)站建成運(yùn)營(yíng)。積極推動(dòng)航運(yùn)國(guó)際和區(qū)域合作，中老緬泰共同推進(jìn)瀾滄江—湄公河國(guó)際航運(yùn)開發(fā)。民航利用代碼共享、航空聯(lián)盟、航線聯(lián)營(yíng)、股權(quán)合作等方式，優(yōu)化國(guó)際航線網(wǎng)絡(luò)，不斷提升航班頻次和通達(dá)性。2015年國(guó)際及港澳臺(tái)快遞業(yè)務(wù)量達(dá)4.3億件，快遞企業(yè)服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓展至海外市場(chǎng)。加強(qiáng)與“一帶一路”沿線國(guó)家合作，積極推動(dòng)交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施互聯(lián)互通和運(yùn)輸便利化。2015年，通過(guò)各種交通運(yùn)輸方式出境旅游的人次達(dá)1.2億。
Strengthening international connectivity. By the end of 2015, China had established railway connections with five of its 14 neighboring countries, with 11 railway crossing points. Multiple container trains operate on railways to Central Europe and Central Asia; highway crossing points in border areas, open around the year, are connected to roads at Grade II or above; and a group of logistics parks and cargo operation centers capable of handling international logistics have been put into use. China actively promotes international and regional cooperation in shipping, and is jointly pushing forward the navigation development of the Lancang-Mekong River with Laos, Myanmar and Thailand. Through code-sharing, airline alliance, joint operation of air routes and equity cooperation, China’s civil aviation is striving to improve its international flight network, increase the number of flights and expand its operational scope. In 2015, Chinese express delivery services extended their networks overseas, with 430 million items of mail delivered to international destinations as well as to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. At the same time, China is strengthening cooperation with countries involved in the Belt and Road Initiative, actively pushing forward the interconnectivity of transport infrastructure and enhancing transport convenience. In 2015, Chinese citizens made some 120 million trips overseas via various means of transport.
支撐對(duì)外貿(mào)易。中國(guó)是世界貿(mào)易大國(guó)，交通運(yùn)輸加快發(fā)展為中國(guó)加快構(gòu)建全方位開放新格局、提升國(guó)家競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力提供了重要保障。海上運(yùn)輸承擔(dān)了90%以上的外貿(mào)貨物運(yùn)輸量以及98%的進(jìn)口鐵礦石、91%的進(jìn)口原油、92%的進(jìn)口煤炭和99%的進(jìn)口糧食運(yùn)輸量，成為加快發(fā)展外向型經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要支撐。中歐班列快速發(fā)展，已成為國(guó)際貨物聯(lián)運(yùn)的重要組成部分。
Supporting foreign trade. China is a major trading nation, and the quickened development of its transport provides a strong basis for building a new multi-dimensional structure of opening up and for enhancing China’s competitiveness internationally. An important pillar for developing an export-oriented economy, China’s maritime transport carries 90 percent of the country’s foreign trade cargo, 98 percent of imported iron ore, 91 percent of imported crude oil, 92 percent of imported coal and 99 percent of imported grain. Trains between China and Europe have become an important component of international through freight traffic.
（二）國(guó)際交流合作與對(duì)外開放
1. International Exchanges and Cooperation and Opening up
積極參與國(guó)際事務(wù)。中國(guó)政府歷來(lái)重視并積極參與交通運(yùn)輸國(guó)際組織事務(wù)，認(rèn)真履行各項(xiàng)國(guó)際義務(wù)，在鐵路合作組織、國(guó)際海事組織、國(guó)際民用航空組織和萬(wàn)國(guó)郵政聯(lián)盟等重要交通運(yùn)輸國(guó)際組織中發(fā)揮著建設(shè)性作用。作為鐵路合作組織創(chuàng)始國(guó)之一，中國(guó)在各項(xiàng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)范制訂中具有重要影響力；自1972年恢復(fù)在萬(wàn)國(guó)郵政聯(lián)盟合法席位以來(lái)，一直連任郵政經(jīng)營(yíng)理事會(huì)理事國(guó)，并一直當(dāng)選行政理事會(huì)理事國(guó)；自1989年起，已連續(xù)14次當(dāng)選國(guó)際海事組織A類理事國(guó)；自2004年起，已連續(xù)5次擔(dān)任國(guó)際民航組織一類理事國(guó)；推進(jìn)多雙邊合作和區(qū)域合作，與100多個(gè)國(guó)家簽訂了鐵路、公路、海運(yùn)、民用航空和郵政政府間協(xié)定及雙邊、區(qū)域合作文件；建立了中國(guó)—東盟交通部長(zhǎng)會(huì)議、上海合作組織交通部長(zhǎng)會(huì)議等多個(gè)交通運(yùn)輸合作機(jī)制，倡議成立亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)合作組織港口服務(wù)組織。積極履行國(guó)際義務(wù)，支持其他發(fā)展中國(guó)家交通發(fā)展，為亞洲、非洲多個(gè)國(guó)家援建了一批交通工程。
Actively participating in international affairs. The Chinese government has always valued the role of and actively participated in the activities of international transport organizations. It takes measures to fulfill its obligations, and plays a constructive role in the Organization for Railway Cooperation (OSJD), International Maritime Organization (IMO), International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), Universal Postal Union (UPU) and other important international transport organizations. As a founder of the OSJD, China has made great contribution in formulating the organization’s various standards and regulations. China has served as member of both the UPU’s Postal Operations Council and Council of Administration since it resumed its legitimate seat at the organization in 1972. It has been elected 14 times as a category-A member of the IMO Council since 1989, and five times as a category-A member of the ICAO Council since 2004. China actively promotes bilateral and regional cooperation. It has signed intergovernmental agreements and bilateral and regional documents on railway, highway, maritime transport, civil aviation and postal service cooperation with more than 100 countries. Several transport cooperation mechanisms have been set up, such as the China-ASEAN and Shanghai Cooperation Organization transport ministers’ meetings, and a proposal has been made by China to establish a seaport service organization for APEC. China actively fulfills its international obligations, supports the transport development of other developing countries, and has aided the construction of a series of transport projects in Asia and Africa.
不斷擴(kuò)大對(duì)外開放。交通運(yùn)輸業(yè)是中國(guó)最早對(duì)外開放的行業(yè)之一。1979年，原交通部駐港企業(yè)招商局在深圳創(chuàng)辦蛇口工業(yè)區(qū)，在全國(guó)改革開放的棋盤上先行一步。1984年國(guó)家設(shè)立14個(gè)沿海開放城市，沿海港口成為對(duì)外開放的“窗口”。目前在交通運(yùn)輸基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施領(lǐng)域，除了鐵路干線和民用機(jī)場(chǎng)的建設(shè)經(jīng)營(yíng)要求中方控股外，所有公路橋梁、港口碼頭、其他鐵路和城市軌道對(duì)外資不設(shè)限。在運(yùn)輸服務(wù)領(lǐng)域，公路貨運(yùn)、國(guó)際集裝箱多式聯(lián)運(yùn)、國(guó)際海運(yùn)輔助服務(wù)完全放開。
Continuing to expand the scope of opening up. The transport industry was one of China’s first industries to open to the outside world. In 1979, the China Merchants Group, then under the administration of China’s former Ministry of Transport, founded the Shekou Industrial Zone in Shenzhen, taking the first step in the country’s opening-up initiative. In 1984, the Chinese government opened 14 coastal cities, and coastal ports became windows opened to the rest of the world. Today, in the area of transport infrastructure, except railway arteries and civil airports, all highways, bridges, ports, other types of railways and urban rail tracks are open to foreign capital as far as construction and operation is concerned. There is no limit on foreign capital for transport services such as highway freight, international container multimodal transport, and supporting services for international maritime transport.
加快“走出去”步伐。中國(guó)鐵路、交通工程建設(shè)和港口運(yùn)營(yíng)領(lǐng)域等向全世界展示了雄厚的產(chǎn)業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)實(shí)力。中國(guó)的國(guó)際海運(yùn)量占全世界海運(yùn)量的三分之一。中國(guó)交通運(yùn)輸企業(yè)不斷加快“走出去”步伐，正在從傳統(tǒng)勞務(wù)輸出和工程承包向資本輸出、技術(shù)輸出、管理輸出、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸出轉(zhuǎn)變，業(yè)務(wù)涉及交通運(yùn)輸基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、港口經(jīng)營(yíng)、遠(yuǎn)洋運(yùn)輸、交通運(yùn)輸裝備、船舶檢驗(yàn)、航海教育等眾多領(lǐng)域。
Quickening the pace of Chinese enterprises’ “going global.” China has exhibited a strong competitive edge in the areas of railway building, transport projects and port operation. China transports one third of the total global maritime cargo. China’s transport businesses are quickening their steps of “going global,” and are transforming themselves from traditional labor export and project contracting entities to exporters of capital, technology, management and standards in the areas of transport infrastructure, port operation, ocean transport, transport equipment, ship inspection and maritime training.
五、未來(lái)五年的發(fā)展目標(biāo)
V. Development Goals for the Next Five Years
“十三五”時(shí)期，中國(guó)交通運(yùn)輸發(fā)展將按照統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)“五位一體”總體布局和協(xié)調(diào)推進(jìn)“四個(gè)全面”戰(zhàn)略布局，牢固樹立和貫徹落實(shí)創(chuàng)新、協(xié)調(diào)、綠色、開放、共享的發(fā)展理念，堅(jiān)持以人民為中心，提高發(fā)展質(zhì)量和綜合效率，積極發(fā)揮不同運(yùn)輸方式的比較優(yōu)勢(shì)，堅(jiān)持網(wǎng)絡(luò)化布局、智能化管理、一體化服務(wù)、綠色化發(fā)展，建設(shè)國(guó)內(nèi)國(guó)際通道聯(lián)通、區(qū)域城鄉(xiāng)覆蓋廣泛、樞紐節(jié)點(diǎn)功能完善、運(yùn)輸服務(wù)一體高效的綜合交通運(yùn)輸體系，為全面建成小康社會(huì)提供交通運(yùn)輸保障，更好地服務(wù)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，更好地連通中國(guó)與世界。
During the 13th Five-Year Plan period (2016-2020), China will continue to develop its transport industry in accordance with the overall plan to seek economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress and the Four-pronged Strategy. It will implement the guideline of innovation, coordination, green development, opening up, and sharing of benefits, continue to center on the people’s needs, improve the quality and efficiency of development, and fully utilize the comparative advantages of different means of transport. China will continue to develop its transport grid characterized by intelligent management, integrated services and green development, and build a comprehensive transport system with functional “nodes” that connect domestic and international transport channels, cover urban and rural areas, and provide integrated and efficient transport services. All this will contribute to the completion of the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects, to the growth of the Chinese economy, and to connecting China more closely with the rest of the world.
——全面深化交通運(yùn)輸改革。深入推進(jìn)綜合交通運(yùn)輸改革發(fā)展，促進(jìn)各種運(yùn)輸方式深度融合，加快構(gòu)建安全、便捷、高效、綠色、經(jīng)濟(jì)的現(xiàn)代綜合交通運(yùn)輸體系。推進(jìn)鐵路市場(chǎng)化改革，深化投融資體制和財(cái)政事權(quán)與支出責(zé)任改革，加快推進(jìn)空域管理體制改革。加快政府職能轉(zhuǎn)變，持續(xù)推進(jìn)簡(jiǎn)政放權(quán)、放管結(jié)合、優(yōu)化服務(wù)，提高行政效能。
Driving the reform of transport to a deeper level. China will promote the further integration of different means of transport, and build a safe, convenient, efficient, green, and economical modern transport system. It will push ahead the market-oriented reform of its railways, deepen reforms of the investment and financing system, financial powers and expenditure responsibilities, and reform its airspace management system. At the same time, it will further promote the transformation of government functions, continue to streamline administration and delegate powers to lower levels, strengthen regulations, improve government services and enhance administrative efficiency.
——構(gòu)建內(nèi)通外聯(lián)的運(yùn)輸通道網(wǎng)絡(luò)。構(gòu)建橫貫東西、縱貫?zāi)媳?、?nèi)暢外通的綜合運(yùn)輸大通道，推進(jìn)對(duì)外交通走廊和海上絲綢之路走廊建設(shè)。打造高品質(zhì)的快速網(wǎng)絡(luò)，加快推進(jìn)高速鐵路成網(wǎng)，完善國(guó)家高速公路網(wǎng)絡(luò)，適度建設(shè)地方高速公路，增強(qiáng)樞紐機(jī)場(chǎng)和干支線機(jī)場(chǎng)功能。完善廣覆蓋的基礎(chǔ)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，加快中西部鐵路建設(shè)，推進(jìn)普通國(guó)省道提質(zhì)改造和瓶頸路段建設(shè)，提升沿海和內(nèi)河水運(yùn)設(shè)施專業(yè)化水平，加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村公路、通用機(jī)場(chǎng)建設(shè)，推進(jìn)油氣管道區(qū)域互聯(lián)。提升郵政網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)水平，加強(qiáng)快遞基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)。到2020年，高速鐵路營(yíng)業(yè)里程達(dá)到3萬(wàn)公里，覆蓋80%以上的大城市。新改建高速公路通車?yán)锍碳s3萬(wàn)公里。具備條件的建制村通硬化路和班車。村村直接通郵。
Building a transport network that covers the whole of China and extends beyond its borders. China will build a comprehensive transport network that spreads from east to west and south to north, construct passageways that extend beyond its borders, and develop sea routes for the Maritime Silk Road. China will develop a high-quality fast-transit grid, form a high-speed rail network, improve the national expressway network, build an appropriate number of expressways at the local level, and enhance the functions of airline hubs and national and regional airports. China will improve its basic road network to cover more areas, speed up the construction of railways in the central and western areas, upgrade national and provincial highways and construction of congested sections, improve coastal and inland river transport facilities, strengthen the construction of roads and airports in rural areas, and connect the oil and gas pipelines in different areas. China will improve its postal services and network, and strengthen the infrastructure for express mail delivery. By 2020, China will have 30,000 km of high-speed railways, covering 80 percent of big cities, and 30,000 km of newly renovated expressways. Administrative villages with the necessary conditions will have tarmac and cement roads and shuttle bus services, and all villages will have access to mail service.
——建設(shè)現(xiàn)代高效的城際城市交通。建設(shè)城市群中心城市間、中心城市與周邊節(jié)點(diǎn)城市間1-2小時(shí)交通圈，打造城市群中心城市與周邊重要城鎮(zhèn)間1小時(shí)通勤都市圈。在城鎮(zhèn)化地區(qū)大力發(fā)展城際鐵路、市域（郊）鐵路，形成多層次軌道交通骨干網(wǎng)絡(luò)。實(shí)行公共交通優(yōu)先，加快發(fā)展城市軌道交通、快速公交等大容量公共交通。到2020年，基本建成京津冀、長(zhǎng)三角、珠三角、長(zhǎng)江中游、中原、成渝、山東半島城市群城際鐵路網(wǎng)。加快300萬(wàn)以上人口城市軌道交通成網(wǎng)，新增城市軌道交通運(yùn)營(yíng)里程約3000公里。加強(qiáng)郵政、快遞網(wǎng)絡(luò)終端建設(shè)。
Developing modern and efficient intercity transport. In urban agglomerations, China will build commuting circles of 1-2 hours between the central cities and between central and peripheral cities, and one-hour commuting circles between central cities and key peripheral towns. In urban areas, it will vigorously develop intercity high-speed and suburban railways, and form a multi-level rail transit network. With priority focused on public transit, China will speed up the development of its urban rail and bus rapid transit, and other means of high-capacity public transport. By 2020, intercity railway networks will be completed in the urban agglomerations of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, middle reaches of the Yangtze River, Central Plains, Chengdu-Chongqing, and Shandong Peninsula areas. More efforts will be made in cities with three million or more residents to form urban rail transport networks, and about 3,000 km of new tracks will be added to the urban rail transit system. China will also strengthen the development of terminals for postal and express delivery services.
——打造一體銜接的綜合交通樞紐。優(yōu)化樞紐空間布局，建設(shè)北京、上海、廣州等國(guó)際性綜合交通樞紐，提升全國(guó)性、區(qū)域性和地區(qū)性綜合交通樞紐水平，加強(qiáng)中西部重要樞紐建設(shè)，推進(jìn)沿邊重要口岸樞紐建設(shè)，提升樞紐內(nèi)外輻射能力。完善樞紐綜合服務(wù)功能，優(yōu)化中轉(zhuǎn)設(shè)施和集疏運(yùn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，強(qiáng)化客運(yùn)零距離換乘和貨運(yùn)無(wú)縫化銜接，實(shí)現(xiàn)不同運(yùn)輸方式協(xié)調(diào)高效，發(fā)揮綜合優(yōu)勢(shì)，提升交通物流整體效率。
Building integrated transport hubs. China will enhance the layout of its transport hubs, build international transport hubs in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, and improve the services and functions of national, regional and local transport hubs. It will strengthen the construction of key transport centers in central and western China and key ports in border regions, and increase their impacts over a wider area. China will improve the services of its transport hubs, improve the transfer facilities and the collecting and distributing networks, enable seamless passenger and freight transfer, and coordinate different means of transport, so as to increase the efficiency of transport and logistics.
——推動(dòng)運(yùn)輸服務(wù)綠色智能發(fā)展。推進(jìn)交通運(yùn)輸綠色發(fā)展，集約節(jié)約利用資源，加強(qiáng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、低碳化、現(xiàn)代化運(yùn)輸裝備和節(jié)能環(huán)保運(yùn)輸工具推廣應(yīng)用。實(shí)施“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+交通運(yùn)輸”行動(dòng)計(jì)劃，加快智能交通發(fā)展，推廣先進(jìn)信息技術(shù)和智能技術(shù)裝備應(yīng)用，加強(qiáng)聯(lián)程聯(lián)運(yùn)系統(tǒng)、智能管理系統(tǒng)、公共信息系統(tǒng)建設(shè)，加快發(fā)展多式聯(lián)運(yùn)，提高交通運(yùn)輸服務(wù)質(zhì)量和效益。
Promoting the green and intelligent development of transport services. China is striving to push forward the green development of transport through conservation and intensive use of resources and promoting the use of standardized, low-carbon, and modern equipment and energy-saving means in the transport sector. With the implementation of the “Internet + transport” action plan, China is encouraging the development of intelligent transport, and the application of advanced information technology and smart appliances. More efforts will be made in the development of through-transport, smart management and public information systems, in strengthening multimodal transport, and in enhancing the quality and profit of transport services.
——提升交通運(yùn)輸安全管理水平。完善安全生產(chǎn)法規(guī)制度體系，有效落實(shí)企業(yè)主體責(zé)任和管理部門監(jiān)管責(zé)任。加強(qiáng)應(yīng)急能力建設(shè)，全面提升應(yīng)急處置和救援水平。強(qiáng)化事前預(yù)防，開展平安交通專項(xiàng)行動(dòng)，加大隱患排查治理和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管控力度，突出重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域安全監(jiān)管，全面實(shí)施安全生產(chǎn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理，堅(jiān)決遏制重特大事故多發(fā)頻發(fā)。
Improving safety in the transport industry. China will improve the regulations and system for transport safety control, and see to it that the responsibilities of transport businesses and those of the supervising organs are thoroughly implemented. China will strengthen its capacity for emergency response and rescue, emphasizing precautionary measures, carrying out special actions to ensure transport safety and strengthening the screening of potential safety hazards and security risks. It will also focus on key areas, fully implement safety control in the transport industry, and resolutely strive to reduce the occurrence of serious accidents.
結(jié)束語(yǔ)
Conclusion
實(shí)現(xiàn)“兩個(gè)一百年”奮斗目標(biāo)、實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興的中國(guó)夢(mèng)，對(duì)交通運(yùn)輸發(fā)展提出了新的更高要求。交通推動(dòng)發(fā)展，交流促進(jìn)合作，通達(dá)實(shí)現(xiàn)共贏。中國(guó)政府將不斷提升交通運(yùn)輸服務(wù)品質(zhì)，更好服務(wù)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展，并繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)與世界各國(guó)在交通運(yùn)輸領(lǐng)域的深度合作，共享機(jī)遇、共迎挑戰(zhàn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)共同發(fā)展、共同繁榮。
To achieve the Two Centenary Goals and realize the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, higher standards must be set for the development of transport in China. Transport promotes development, exchanges bring about cooperation, and interconnectivity enables mutual benefits. The Chinese government will continue to improve the country’s transport services so as to better serve China’s socioeconomic development, and continue to strengthen cooperation in the area of transport with other countries so that they can take new opportunities and address challenges together to realize common development and prosperity.
