新時(shí)代的中國(guó)與世界
China and the World in the New Era
中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院新聞辦公室
The State Council Information Office of the People’s Republic of China
2019年9月
September 2019
目錄
Contents
前言
Preface
一、中國(guó)走出一條符合國(guó)情的發(fā)展道路
I. China Has Found a Development Path Suited to Its Actual Conditions
二、中國(guó)的發(fā)展是世界的機(jī)遇
II. China’s Development Is an Opportunity for the World
三、建設(shè)繁榮美好世界是各國(guó)人民的共同夢(mèng)想
III. A Prosperous and Beautiful World Is the Common Aspiration of All Peoples
四、中國(guó)為建設(shè)更加美好的世界貢獻(xiàn)力量
IV. China Contributes to a Better World
結(jié)束語(yǔ)
Conclusion
前言
Preface
今年是中華人民共和國(guó)成立70周年。
The year 2019 marks the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China (PRC).
70年來(lái)，在中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，中國(guó)發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化，創(chuàng)造了人類歷史上前所未有的發(fā)展奇跡。中國(guó)用幾十年時(shí)間走完了發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家?guī)装倌曜哌^(guò)的發(fā)展歷程，經(jīng)濟(jì)總量躍居世界第二，近14億人民擺脫了物質(zhì)短缺，總體達(dá)到小康水平，享有前所未有的尊嚴(yán)和權(quán)利。這不僅是中國(guó)的巨大變化，也是人類社會(huì)的巨大進(jìn)步，更是中國(guó)對(duì)世界和平與發(fā)展的巨大貢獻(xiàn)。
Over the past 70 years, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the PRC has witnessed profound changes and achieved a miracle of development unprecedented in human history. In just a few decades, China has completed a course that took developed countries several hundred years. China has now become the world’s second largest economy, taken care of the material needs of its nearly 1.4 billion people, and achieved moderate all-round prosperity. Its people enjoy dignity and rights previously unknown to them. This has brought tremendous change to China. It also represents remarkable progress for human society, and above all, a significant contribution on China’s part to world peace and development.
中國(guó)仍然是世界上最大的發(fā)展中國(guó)家，人口多、底子薄的基本國(guó)情沒(méi)有變，中國(guó)仍然面臨一系列嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)，中國(guó)人民還需要繼續(xù)艱苦奮斗。
China remains the world’s largest developing country, with a large population and foundations that need to be further strengthened. Some of the fundamentals in China remain unchanged, and therefore China is still facing a raft of severe challenges. The Chinese people still have work to do.
當(dāng)今世界正處于百年未有之大變局，人類社會(huì)既充滿希望，又充滿挑戰(zhàn)。世界多極化、經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化、文化多樣化、社會(huì)信息化深入發(fā)展，和平與發(fā)展仍是時(shí)代主題，同時(shí)，全球深層次矛盾突出，不穩(wěn)定性不確定性增多。構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體，建設(shè)更加美好的世界，是各國(guó)人民的共同愿望。
Today’s world is undergoing a level of profound change that has not been seen in a hundred years. Human society is full of both hope and challenges. Multipolarity, economic globalization, cultural diversity and information technology are extending their reach. Peace and development remain the themes of the times. At the same time, deep-seated problems are apparent throughout the world, with increasing instability and uncertainties. Building a global community of shared future and building a better world are the common aspirations of all peoples.
中國(guó)發(fā)展進(jìn)入了新時(shí)代。中國(guó)對(duì)世界的影響，從未像今天這樣全面、深刻、長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)；世界對(duì)中國(guó)的關(guān)注，也從未像今天這樣廣泛、深切、聚焦。中國(guó)從哪里來(lái)、向哪里去？中國(guó)推動(dòng)建設(shè)什么樣的世界？發(fā)展起來(lái)的中國(guó)如何與世界相處？為回應(yīng)外界關(guān)切，增進(jìn)國(guó)際社會(huì)對(duì)中國(guó)發(fā)展的了解和理解，值此中華人民共和國(guó)成立70周年之際，中國(guó)政府發(fā)布此白皮書(shū)。
China has entered a new era of development. China now has an impact on the world that is ever more comprehensive, profound and long-lasting, and the world is paying ever greater attention to China. What path did China take? Where is China going? What are China’s goals in shaping the world? How will the developing China interact with the rest of the world? On the occasion of this 70th anniversary of the founding of the PRC, the Chinese government is publishing this white paper to respond to the world’s questions about China, and to help the international community better understand China’s development.
一、中國(guó)走出一條符合國(guó)情的發(fā)展道路
I. China Has Found a Development Path Suited to Its Actual Conditions
中國(guó)是有著5000多年文明史的大國(guó)，歷史上曾長(zhǎng)期走在世界前列。近代以后，中國(guó)陷入積貧積弱、內(nèi)憂外患甚至亡國(guó)亡種的危險(xiǎn)境地。中國(guó)人民始終不屈不撓、奮力抗?fàn)帲冀K夢(mèng)想實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)家富強(qiáng)、民族復(fù)興、人民幸福。在中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，中國(guó)人民經(jīng)過(guò)艱苦卓絕的斗爭(zhēng)，在半殖民地半封建社會(huì)基礎(chǔ)上建立起新中國(guó)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了民族獨(dú)立和人民解放，中華民族進(jìn)入了發(fā)展新紀(jì)元。70年來(lái)，中國(guó)人民艱辛探索、砥礪前行，在中華民族5000多年歷史文化的傳承中，在總結(jié)社會(huì)主義500年、近代以來(lái)中華民族由衰到盛170多年的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)基礎(chǔ)上，在中國(guó)革命、建設(shè)和改革的偉大實(shí)踐中，成功開(kāi)辟了中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義道路，取得了舉世矚目的發(fā)展成就。
China is a large country with a 5,000-year-old civilization. Over a long period of history, it ranked among the most advanced countries in the world. In modern times, China was reduced to poverty and weakness, threatened by domestic strife and foreign aggression, and even confronted with complete demise. Through unrelenting struggle, the Chinese dream of prosperity and rejuvenation for their country, and happiness for the people. In 1949, under the CPC’s leadership, they founded the PRC, turning a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society into a completely new one, and achieving national independence and the liberation of the people. China then entered a new epoch of development. Over the past 70 years it has been moving forward against all odds, and exploring its path to development. Based on the 5,000-year-old Chinese culture, the experience and lessons from the birth of socialism, the fall-to-rise turnaround of the Chinese nation in 170 years, and the history of revolution, construction and reform, the Chinese people have opened up the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and achieved remarkable outcomes.
（一）中國(guó)發(fā)展靠的是自力更生、艱苦奮斗
1. China’s development lies in self-reliance and hard work
新中國(guó)成立之初，面對(duì)的是一個(gè)經(jīng)歷100多年戰(zhàn)亂、滿目瘡痍的爛攤子，國(guó)家一窮二白，人民生活極端貧困，工農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)十分薄弱，國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)幾近崩潰。中國(guó)人民求生存、謀發(fā)展，難度之大超出想象。70年來(lái)，中國(guó)人民白手起家、自力更生、艱苦奮斗，干出了一片新天地。
In the early days of the PRC, following a century of war and chaos, the country and the people were in dire poverty, the industrial and agricultural foundations were weak, and the economy was on the verge of collapse. The people faced unimaginable difficulties in seeking survival and development. Over the seven decades that followed, through self-reliance and hard work they rebuilt the country from nothing, and have opened up new horizons.
經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力顯著增強(qiáng)。從1952年至2018年，中國(guó)工業(yè)增加值從120億元增加到305160億元，按不變價(jià)格計(jì)算增長(zhǎng)970倍，年均增長(zhǎng)11%；國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值從679億元增加到90萬(wàn)億元，按不變價(jià)計(jì)算增長(zhǎng)174倍，年均增長(zhǎng)8.1%；人均國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值從119元增加到2018年的64644元，按不變價(jià)計(jì)算增長(zhǎng)70倍。根據(jù)世界銀行數(shù)據(jù)，按市場(chǎng)匯率計(jì)算，2018年中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模為13.6萬(wàn)億美元，僅次于美國(guó)的20.5萬(wàn)億美元。目前，中國(guó)是世界上唯一擁有聯(lián)合國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)分類目錄中所有工業(yè)門(mén)類的國(guó)家，多項(xiàng)工業(yè)品產(chǎn)量居世界第一?？萍及l(fā)展成就顯著，“兩彈一星”、載人航天、超級(jí)雜交水稻、高性能計(jì)算機(jī)、人工合成牛胰島素、青蒿素、高速鐵路等重大科技成果，為經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展提供了有力支撐。對(duì)外貿(mào)易持續(xù)增加，2009年中國(guó)成為全球最大貨物出口國(guó)、第二大貨物進(jìn)口國(guó)，2013年成為全球貨物貿(mào)易第一大國(guó)。改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)，中國(guó)引進(jìn)外資大幅增加，日益成為吸引全球投資熱土。中國(guó)已經(jīng)成為世界第二大經(jīng)濟(jì)體、制造業(yè)第一大國(guó)、貨物貿(mào)易第一大國(guó)、商品消費(fèi)第二大國(guó)、外資流入第二大國(guó)、外匯儲(chǔ)備第一大國(guó)（表1）。
China’s economic strength has greatly increased. From 1952 to 2018, China’s industrial added value increased from RMB12 billion to RMB30.5 trillion, up 970 times at constant prices, with an average annual growth rate of 11 percent. GDP increased from RMB67.9 billion to RMB90 trillion, up 174 times at constant prices, with an average annual growth rate of 8.1 percent, and per capita GDP increased from RMB119 to RMB64,644, up 70 times at constant prices. According to World Bank statistics, at market exchange rates China’s economy in 2018 was worth US$13.6 trillion, second only to the US economy which was worth US$20.5 trillion. Currently, China is the only country that possesses all the sections in the United Nations’ International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC), with the output of many industrial products ranking first in the world.
China has made remarkable progress in technology. Significant achievements such as nuclear bombs, ballistic missiles, manmade satellites, manned spaceflight, super hybrid rice, supercomputers, synthetic bovine insulin, artemisinin, and high-speed rail, have provided strong support for social and economic development.
China’s foreign trade has been increasing constantly. In 2009, China became the world’s largest exporter of goods and second largest importer of goods; in 2013, China became the world’s largest trader in goods. Since reform and opening up in 1978, foreign investment in China has seen a substantial increase, and China has become very attractive to global investment. China has become the world’s second largest economy, largest manufacturer, largest trader in goods, second largest consumer of commodities, second largest recipient of foreign direct investment (FDI), and largest holder of foreign exchange reserves (see Table 1).
人民生活極大改善。經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)期努力，中國(guó)人民從饑寒交迫、解決溫飽到實(shí)現(xiàn)總體小康，正在邁向全面小康（表2）。按照現(xiàn)行農(nóng)村貧困標(biāo)準(zhǔn)計(jì)算，中國(guó)農(nóng)村貧困人口從1978年的7.7億人，下降到2018年的1660萬(wàn)人，農(nóng)村貧困發(fā)生率從97.5%下降到1.7%，下降了95.8個(gè)百分點(diǎn)（圖1），創(chuàng)造了人類減貧史上的奇跡（專欄1）。中國(guó)初步構(gòu)建起世界上規(guī)模最大、覆蓋人口最多，包括養(yǎng)老、醫(yī)療、低保、住房、教育等民生領(lǐng)域的社會(huì)保障體系。2018年末，全國(guó)參加城鎮(zhèn)職工基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)人數(shù)41902萬(wàn)人，參加失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)人數(shù)19643萬(wàn)人，參加工傷保險(xiǎn)人數(shù)23874萬(wàn)人，基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)覆蓋超過(guò)9億人，基本醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)覆蓋超過(guò)13億人，基本實(shí)現(xiàn)全民醫(yī)保。70年前，中國(guó)人均預(yù)期壽命35歲，2018年達(dá)到77歲，遠(yuǎn)高于世界平均預(yù)期壽命72歲。70年來(lái)，中國(guó)人民的精神面貌發(fā)生深刻變化，中華民族優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化充分弘揚(yáng)，當(dāng)代中國(guó)價(jià)值觀念廣泛傳播，中國(guó)人民的精神生活更加豐富、更加活躍。美國(guó)波士頓咨詢公司發(fā)布的全球民生福祉報(bào)告顯示，過(guò)去10年中，中國(guó)排名上升25位，在受調(diào)查的152個(gè)國(guó)家中進(jìn)步最快。（注1）
The Chinese people’s lives have been greatly improved. A persevering effort has provided the Chinese people with adequate food and clothing, and made it possible for them to live decent lives and move towards a moderately prosperous society in all respects (see Table 2). China’s rural population living under the current poverty line decreased from 770 million in 1978 to 16.6 million in 2018, and China’s rural poverty incidence dropped from 97.5 percent to 1.7 percent, down by 95.8 percentage points (see Figure 1). This is an outstanding achievement in the history of poverty reduction (see Box 1).
China has established a preliminary social security system covering elderly care, medical care, minimum subsistence, housing, and education – the largest in scale and covering the largest population in the world. By the end of 2018:
Participants in urban workers’ basic elderly care insurance numbered 419 million;
Participants in unemployment insurance numbered 196 million;
Participants in work injury compensation insurance numbered 239 million;
Basic elderly care insurance covered more than 900 million people;
Basic medical insurance covered more than 1.3 billion people, almost everyone in the country.
Over the past 70 years, China’s life expectancy has increased from 35 in 1949 to 77 in 2018, higher than the world’s average of 72. Over the past 70 years, the Chinese people have witnessed profound changes in their mindset. They have carried forward fine traditional Chinese culture, spread modern Chinese values, and enriched and invigorated their cultural life. According to a global wellbeing report released by the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) in 2018, in the past decade, China’s ranking rose by 25 places, the fastest rate among the 152 countries covered.1
國(guó)際地位和國(guó)際影響力顯著提升。1971年，中國(guó)恢復(fù)在聯(lián)合國(guó)的合法席位，以更加積極的姿態(tài)在國(guó)際事務(wù)中發(fā)揮作用。1980年4月和5月，中國(guó)先后恢復(fù)了在國(guó)際貨幣基金組織和世界銀行的合法席位。2001年，中國(guó)加入世界貿(mào)易組織，更加廣泛深入地參與國(guó)際經(jīng)貿(mào)交流與合作。中國(guó)在國(guó)際社會(huì)廣交朋友，已與179個(gè)國(guó)家建立外交關(guān)系，建立了110對(duì)各種形式的伙伴關(guān)系。中共十八大以來(lái)，中國(guó)提出推動(dòng)構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體、共建“一帶一路”的倡議，載入聯(lián)合國(guó)多項(xiàng)決議，得到國(guó)際社會(huì)廣泛認(rèn)同和積極響應(yīng)。
China’s international position and influence have greatly improved. In 1971, China recovered its legitimate seat in the United Nations and began to play a more active role in international affairs. In April and May 1980, China recovered its legitimate seats in the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. In 2001, China joined the World Trade Organization (WTO) and began to participate more extensively and deeply in international economic and trade exchanges and cooperation. China has been making friends in the international community, having established diplomatic relations with 179 countries, and 110 partnerships of various types. Since the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, China has proposed a global community of shared future and the Belt and Road Initiative, which have been written into many UN resolutions and have won extensive recognition and a warm response from the international community.
中國(guó)的發(fā)展成就是辛辛苦苦干出來(lái)的。對(duì)于中國(guó)這樣一個(gè)有著近14億人口的大國(guó)，好日子等不來(lái)、要不來(lái)，唯有奮斗，別無(wú)他路。中國(guó)的發(fā)展，靠的是“8億件襯衫換一架波音”的實(shí)干精神，幾代人馳而不息、接續(xù)奮斗，付出別人難以想象的辛勞和汗水；靠的是“自己的擔(dān)子自己扛”的擔(dān)當(dāng)精神，無(wú)論順境還是逆境，不輸出問(wèn)題，不轉(zhuǎn)嫁矛盾，不通過(guò)強(qiáng)買(mǎi)強(qiáng)賣(mài)、掠奪別國(guó)發(fā)展自己；靠的是“摸著石頭過(guò)河”的探索精神，不走帝國(guó)主義、殖民主義老路，不照搬西方國(guó)家發(fā)展模式，而是結(jié)合中國(guó)實(shí)際、總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)、借鑒人類文明，敢闖敢試，走出一條自己的路。
China’s successes have been achieved through hard work. A large country with a nearly 1.4 billion population, China cannot achieve prosperity by asking for assistance and waiting. The only option is hard work. China relied on the solid and unremitting efforts of generations of Chinese people, which is represented in the typical case of “800 million shirts in exchange for a Boeing airplane”. China relied on fulfilling its own responsibility in good times and in adversity, without exporting or shifting problems elsewhere, and without seeking development by trading under coercion or exploiting other countries. China relied on a pioneering spirit, like crossing the river by feeling for stones, neither retracing the steps of imperialism and colonialism, nor copying the development model of Western countries, but blazing its own path with bold experiments, based on its own conditions, experience and lessons as well as the achievements of other civilizations.
（二）中國(guó)在與世界的聯(lián)系互動(dòng)中發(fā)展
2. China is developing through interaction with the world
中國(guó)是世界的中國(guó)，中國(guó)的發(fā)展與世界緊密相連。新中國(guó)成立初期，努力打破外部封鎖，積極開(kāi)展經(jīng)貿(mào)、文化等領(lǐng)域?qū)ν饨涣?。改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)，中國(guó)積極順應(yīng)全球化潮流，堅(jiān)持對(duì)外開(kāi)放基本國(guó)策，打開(kāi)國(guó)門(mén)搞建設(shè)，擁抱世界、學(xué)習(xí)世界、貢獻(xiàn)世界，與世界良好互動(dòng)、共同發(fā)展。
China is a part of the world, and China’s development is closely related to the rest of the world. In the early days after the founding of the PRC, China made great efforts to break an external blockade, actively conducting economic, trade and cultural exchanges with other countries. Since reform and opening up in 1978, following the trend of globalization and promoting opening up as a fundamental state policy, China has been seeking development with its door open. China has embraced the world, learned from the world, and contributed to the world, through positive interaction and shared development.
大規(guī)模“請(qǐng)進(jìn)來(lái)”。打開(kāi)大門(mén)的中國(guó)充滿生機(jī)與活力，國(guó)際社會(huì)看好中國(guó)發(fā)展，越來(lái)越多的國(guó)家與中國(guó)開(kāi)展合作，越來(lái)越多的外國(guó)企業(yè)來(lái)中國(guó)投資興業(yè)，越來(lái)越多的外國(guó)人士來(lái)中國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)工作、觀光旅游。1978年至2018年，中國(guó)累計(jì)吸引非金融類外商直接投資20343億美元，累計(jì)設(shè)立近100萬(wàn)家外商投資企業(yè)。2018年，有49.2萬(wàn)余名外國(guó)留學(xué)人員來(lái)華學(xué)習(xí)。加入世界貿(mào)易組織后，中國(guó)參與經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化提質(zhì)增速（專欄2）。2001年至2018年，中國(guó)貨物貿(mào)易進(jìn)口額從2436億美元增至21358億美元，年均增長(zhǎng)13.6%，高于全球平均水平6.8個(gè)百分點(diǎn)；服務(wù)貿(mào)易進(jìn)口額從393億美元增至5250億美元，年均增長(zhǎng)16.5%，占全球服務(wù)貿(mào)易進(jìn)口總額的9.4%。
“Bringing in” on a large scale. Its door open, China is full of vigor. The international community takes an optimistic view of China. More and more countries are establishing cooperation with China; more and more foreign enterprises are injecting investments and starting businesses in China; more and more foreigners are coming to study, work and travel in China. From 1978 to 2018, China attracted a total of more than US$2 trillion in non-financial FDI, and nearly 1 million foreign-invested enterprises were set up in the country. In 2018, almost half a million foreign students came to study in China. Since its accession to the WTO in 2001, China’s participation in economic globalization has delivered more substantial and speedy outcomes (see Box 2). From 2001 to 2018, China’s imports of goods increased from US$244 billion to US$2.1 trillion. The rise was 13.6 percent per annum on average, 6.8 percentage points higher than the global average. China’s imports of services increased from US$39.3 billion to US$525 billion, up by a yearly average of 16.5 percent and accounting for 9.4 percent of the global total.
大踏步“走出去”。從經(jīng)貿(mào)投資到人文交流，從官方到民間，中國(guó)以前所未有的速度、廣度和深度走向世界，開(kāi)展全方位、寬領(lǐng)域、多層次的對(duì)外交流合作。對(duì)外投資合作持續(xù)健康發(fā)展，投資層次和水平不斷提升，2018年，中國(guó)對(duì)外直接投資1430.4億美元，是2002年的53倍，年均增長(zhǎng)28.2%。對(duì)外貿(mào)易逐年增長(zhǎng)，從1978年至2018年，中國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易累計(jì)達(dá)到521921.1億美元；2018年，貨物貿(mào)易和服務(wù)貿(mào)易出口額分別達(dá)到24867億美元、2668億美元。近年來(lái)，中國(guó)連續(xù)保持世界第一大出境旅游客源國(guó)地位，2018年，中國(guó)公民出境旅游近1.5億人次。
“Going out” in great strides. From economic and trade investment to cultural exchanges, from government cooperation to people-to-people exchanges, China has been conducting all-dimensional, wide-ranging and multi-level exchanges and cooperation with other countries, going global faster, further, and more extensively than ever before. China’s foreign investment and cooperation has seen sound and sustained improvement in quality and scale. In 2018, China’s overseas investment reached US$143 billion, up by a factor of 53 since 2002, a yearly average growth of 28.2 percent. China’s foreign trade has been growing year by year. From 1978 to 2018, China’s foreign trade amounted to US$52.2 trillion; in 2018, China’s exports of goods were US$2.5 trillion and its exports of services US$267 billion. In recent years, China has maintained its position as the world’s largest source of overseas tourists; in 2018, Chinese outbound tourists numbered nearly 150 million.
發(fā)展自己、造福世界。對(duì)外開(kāi)放為中國(guó)帶來(lái)了資金、先進(jìn)技術(shù)和管理經(jīng)驗(yàn)，轉(zhuǎn)變了中國(guó)人民的思想觀念，激發(fā)了中國(guó)人民的創(chuàng)造熱情，顯著提升了中國(guó)的現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)水平。同時(shí)，中國(guó)的開(kāi)放發(fā)展，為其他國(guó)家提供了廣闊市場(chǎng)。中國(guó)開(kāi)放投資與服務(wù)貿(mào)易，促進(jìn)了當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和就業(yè)。中國(guó)積極參與國(guó)際分工，推動(dòng)全球資源配置更加合理。中國(guó)出口產(chǎn)品品質(zhì)優(yōu)良，滿足了國(guó)際市場(chǎng)需求，減少了民眾支出，降低了通脹壓力。中國(guó)人足跡遍及全球，極大促進(jìn)了中外交流互鑒。
Developing the country while benefiting the world. Opening up has brought funds, advanced technologies and managerial experience to China, changed the mindset of the Chinese people and boosted their creativity, and helped China to modernize. At the same time, China’s opening up has provided a broad market for other countries. The opening of China’s investment and service trade has facilitated local economic growth and employment in the countries concerned. China has been an active participant in the international division of labor, resulting in more rational global resource allocation. China’s high-quality exports have met international market demand, reduced living costs in recipient countries, and relieved their inflationary pressure. The Chinese people now travel all over the world, which has greatly enriched cultural exchanges and mutual learning between China and other countries.
（三）中國(guó)發(fā)展為世界和平與發(fā)展注入了正能量
3. China has injected positive energy into world peace and development
中國(guó)道路既有鮮明的中國(guó)特色，又有寬廣高遠(yuǎn)的世界眼光和深厚博大的人類情懷。70年來(lái)，中國(guó)人民自力更生、艱苦奮斗，在實(shí)現(xiàn)自我發(fā)展的同時(shí)，為世界和平作出了貢獻(xiàn)，為各國(guó)共同發(fā)展注入了動(dòng)力。
China’s development path has unique Chinese characteristics, and a broad and farsighted global vision. It is dedicated to the interests of all of humanity. Over the past 70 years, while working hard to realize their own development, the Chinese people have contributed to world peace and added momentum to the common development of all countries.
中國(guó)為世界和平與發(fā)展貢獻(xiàn)智慧。新中國(guó)成立之初，確立了獨(dú)立自主的和平外交政策，為戰(zhàn)后國(guó)際格局注入了和平能量。20世紀(jì)50年代，中國(guó)同印度、緬甸共同倡導(dǎo)的互相尊重主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整、互不侵犯、互不干涉內(nèi)政、平等互利、和平共處五項(xiàng)原則，成為國(guó)際關(guān)系基本準(zhǔn)則和國(guó)際法基本原則，有力維護(hù)了廣大發(fā)展中國(guó)家權(quán)益，為推動(dòng)建立公正合理的國(guó)際政治經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序發(fā)揮了重要作用。近年來(lái)，中國(guó)著眼國(guó)際形勢(shì)發(fā)展變化，提出推動(dòng)構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體、推動(dòng)構(gòu)建新型國(guó)際關(guān)系、共建“一帶一路”、正確義利觀、新安全觀、全球治理觀、文明觀等一系列重要理念、重要倡議，為維護(hù)世界和平、促進(jìn)共同發(fā)展貢獻(xiàn)了中國(guó)智慧和中國(guó)方案。
China contributes solutions to world peace and development. In the early days of the PRC, China established its independent foreign policy of peace, which contributed to global peace after World War II. In the 1950s, China, India and Myanmar jointly proposed the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence (mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other’s internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence). These have become basic norms for international relations and fundamental principles of international law. China has safeguarded the interests of developing countries, playing an important role in building a fair and equitable international political and economic order. In recent years, China has proposed a raft of significant international concepts and initiatives, including a global community of shared future, a new model of international relations, the Belt and Road Initiative, the principle of upholding the greater good and pursuing shared interests, a vision of common, comprehensive, cooperative, and sustainable security, the principles of extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits in global governance, and the principles of equality, mutual learning, dialogue and inclusiveness between civilizations. These proposals have contributed Chinese wisdom and solutions to protecting world peace and promoting common development.
中國(guó)以實(shí)際行動(dòng)維護(hù)世界和平。70年來(lái)，中國(guó)沒(méi)有主動(dòng)挑起過(guò)任何一場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和沖突，沒(méi)有侵占過(guò)別國(guó)一寸土地。改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)，中國(guó)主動(dòng)裁減軍隊(duì)員額400余萬(wàn)。中國(guó)積極參與國(guó)際軍控、裁軍和防擴(kuò)散進(jìn)程，反對(duì)軍備競(jìng)賽，維護(hù)全球戰(zhàn)略平衡與穩(wěn)定。中國(guó)簽署或加入《不擴(kuò)散核武器條約》等20個(gè)多邊軍控、裁軍和防擴(kuò)散條約。中國(guó)已成為聯(lián)合國(guó)第二大維和預(yù)算攤款國(guó)和經(jīng)常性預(yù)算會(huì)費(fèi)國(guó)，是安理會(huì)常任理事國(guó)第一大出兵國(guó)（專欄3）。2015年起，中國(guó)宣布設(shè)立為期10年、總額10億美元的中國(guó)－聯(lián)合國(guó)和平與發(fā)展基金，并于2016年正式投入運(yùn)行。中國(guó)始終致力于通過(guò)談判、協(xié)商方式處理領(lǐng)土問(wèn)題和海洋劃界爭(zhēng)端，同14個(gè)鄰國(guó)中的12個(gè)國(guó)家徹底解決了陸地邊界問(wèn)題，劃定了中越北部灣海上界線，為和平解決國(guó)家間歷史遺留問(wèn)題以及國(guó)際爭(zhēng)端開(kāi)辟了嶄新道路。中國(guó)積極參與重大國(guó)際和地區(qū)熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題解決，發(fā)揮了建設(shè)性作用。
China safeguards world peace through real actions. Over the past 70 years, China has not provoked a single war or conflict, nor invaded a single square of foreign land. Since reform and opening up in 1978, China has cut its armed forces by over 4 million. China has been an active participant of international arms control, disarmament and nonproliferation, opposing any arms race and safeguarding global strategic balance and stability. China has signed or joined more than 20 treaties on multilateral arms control, disarmament and nonproliferation, including the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. China has become the second largest contributor to both the regular and peacekeeping budgets of the UN, and the largest troop contributor among the permanent members of the UN Security Council (see Box 3). In 2015, China announced that it would set up a ten-year, US$1 billion China-UN Peace and Development Fund, which was officially put it into operation in 2016. China has always been dedicated to resolving territorial and maritime delimitation disputes through negotiation and consultation. China has achieved full resolution of land border delimitation problems with 12 of its 14 neighboring countries, and delineated the China-Vietnam maritime boundary in the Beibu Gulf. This has broken new ground for settling inter-country issues carried over from history as well as other international disputes. China has played a constructive role in settling major international and regional issues.
中國(guó)積極促進(jìn)全球共同發(fā)展。作為世界上最大的發(fā)展中國(guó)家，中國(guó)一直是全球減貧與發(fā)展事業(yè)的倡導(dǎo)者、推動(dòng)者和踐行者。在致力于實(shí)現(xiàn)自身發(fā)展、消除貧困的同時(shí)，積極開(kāi)展南南合作，向其他發(fā)展中國(guó)家提供不附加任何政治條件的援助，支持和幫助廣大發(fā)展中國(guó)家特別是最不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家消除貧困。中國(guó)開(kāi)展對(duì)外援助60多年來(lái)，共向166個(gè)國(guó)家和國(guó)際組織提供近4000億元人民幣援助，派遣60多萬(wàn)名援助人員，700多人為他國(guó)發(fā)展獻(xiàn)出了寶貴生命。先后7次宣布無(wú)條件免除重債窮國(guó)和最不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家對(duì)華到期政府無(wú)息貸款債務(wù)。中國(guó)積極向亞洲、非洲、拉丁美洲和加勒比地區(qū)、大洋洲的69個(gè)國(guó)家提供醫(yī)療援助，先后為120多個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家落實(shí)聯(lián)合國(guó)千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)提供幫助。積極參與聯(lián)合國(guó)2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程磋商，全面做好國(guó)內(nèi)落實(shí)工作，率先發(fā)布落實(shí)議程的國(guó)別方案和進(jìn)展報(bào)告，在多個(gè)領(lǐng)域?qū)崿F(xiàn)早期收獲。在南南合作框架下，為其他發(fā)展中國(guó)家落實(shí)議程提供幫助。中國(guó)－聯(lián)合國(guó)和平與發(fā)展基金2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程子基金3年來(lái)成功實(shí)施27個(gè)項(xiàng)目，惠及49個(gè)亞非拉國(guó)家，為全球落實(shí)議程注入強(qiáng)大動(dòng)力。2015年，中國(guó)宣布設(shè)立南南合作援助基金，截至2018年，已在亞洲、非洲、美洲等地區(qū)30多個(gè)國(guó)家實(shí)施了200余個(gè)有關(guān)救災(zāi)、衛(wèi)生、婦幼、難民、環(huán)保等領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展合作項(xiàng)目。
China promotes common development worldwide. As the world’s largest developing country, China has always been an advocate, practitioner and promoter of global poverty reduction and development. In pursuit of these goals, China conducts South-South cooperation, providing to other developing countries assistance with no political conditions attached, and supporting and helping them, particularly the least developed countries (LDCs), in eliminating poverty.
Over the six decades since China began to provide foreign assistance in the early 1950s, it has provided 166 countries and international organizations with nearly RMB400 billion in aid, and dispatched over 600,000 aid workers, of whom more than 700 sacrificed their lives for the development of other countries. On seven occasions, China has canceled debt from interest-free government loans to heavily indebted poor countries and the LDCs. China has provided medical aid to 69 countries in Asia, Africa, Latin America, the Caribbean and Oceania, and provided aid to more than 120 developing countries for implementing the United Nations Millennium Development Goals.
China has been actively engaged in the consultations on the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, ensuring its full implementation of the agenda. It was the first country to issue a national plan and a progress report on implementation, and has achieved early outcomes in many fields. Within the framework of South-South cooperation, China has provided assistance to other developing countries for their implementation of the 2030 Agenda. Over the three years since the China-UN Peace and Development Fund went into operation in 2016, China has put in place 27 programs under the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Sub-Fund, which have benefited 49 Asian, African and Latin American countries and added a powerful engine for the global implementation of the 2030 Agenda. In 2015, China announced that it would set up the South-South Cooperation Assistance Fund (SSCAF). By 2018, in more than 30 Asian, African and American countries, China had launched over 200 development cooperation programs under the SSCAF on disaster relief, healthcare, protection of women and children, refugee relief, and environmental protection.
（四）中國(guó)道路符合中國(guó)國(guó)情、適應(yīng)時(shí)代要求
4. China’s development path conforms to reality and the requirements of the times
道路決定命運(yùn)，發(fā)展道路的選擇對(duì)一個(gè)國(guó)家的興衰成敗至關(guān)重要。一個(gè)有著近14億人口的大國(guó)實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化，在人類歷史上沒(méi)有先例可循，中國(guó)必須走一條屬于自己的道路。70年來(lái)，中國(guó)發(fā)展取得巨大成功，根本原因就是找到了中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義這條正確發(fā)展道路并且沿著這條道路堅(jiān)定不移地走下去。
The choice of path is critical to the successful development of a country. As a vast country with a nearly 1.4 billion population, China has no experience of modernization to borrow from in history, but has to blaze its own path. Over the past 70 years, China has achieved great success. The ultimate reason is that China has found and will continue on the right path – socialism with Chinese characteristics.
這是一條從本國(guó)國(guó)情出發(fā)確立的道路。中國(guó)立足自身國(guó)情和實(shí)踐，從中華文明中汲取智慧，博采東西方各家之長(zhǎng)，堅(jiān)守但不僵化，借鑒但不照搬，在不斷探索中形成了自己的發(fā)展道路。
It is a path based on China’s actual conditions. Reflecting on its reality and history, and through experimentation, China has drawn wisdom from its own culture and learned from the strengths of other cultures, both Eastern and Western. China sticks to its choice of path, but is never rigidly opposed to change; China borrows experience, but never copies unthinkingly.
這是一條把人民利益放在首位的道路。在新中國(guó)，人民真正當(dāng)家做了主人。70年來(lái)，中國(guó)秉持以人民為中心的發(fā)展思想，把人民對(duì)美好生活的向往作為奮斗目標(biāo)，把改善人民生活、增進(jìn)人民福祉、保障人民民主權(quán)利作為出發(fā)點(diǎn)和落腳點(diǎn)，在人民中尋找發(fā)展動(dòng)力、依靠人民推動(dòng)發(fā)展、使發(fā)展造福人民。
It is a path prioritizing the people’s interests. In the PRC, the people run the country in the real sense. For 70 years, China has upheld a philosophy of people-centered development, directing all its undertakings towards fulfilling the people’s aspiration for a better life and protecting their democratic rights. China seeks driving forces among the people, promoting development relying on the people, and benefiting the people through development.
這是一條改革創(chuàng)新的道路。中國(guó)的發(fā)展沒(méi)有現(xiàn)成模式可以套用，沒(méi)有現(xiàn)成道路可以借鑒。中國(guó)人民拼搏進(jìn)取、敢闖敢試，通過(guò)改革創(chuàng)新破解前進(jìn)中遇到的困難和挑戰(zhàn)，破除妨礙發(fā)展的體制機(jī)制障礙，不斷解放和發(fā)展社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力，不斷解放和增強(qiáng)社會(huì)活力，不斷完善和發(fā)展中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義制度、推進(jìn)國(guó)家治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化。
It is a path of reform and innovation. There is no ready-made solution to the development issues facing China. Working diligently and exploring boldly, the Chinese people have resolved difficulties and challenges through reform and innovation, and removing institutional obstacles hindering development. The purpose is to unleash and develop productivity and social vitality, to improve and develop Chinese socialism, and to modernize China’s system and capacity for governance.
這是一條在開(kāi)放中謀求共同發(fā)展的道路。中國(guó)堅(jiān)持對(duì)外開(kāi)放基本國(guó)策，奉行互利共贏的開(kāi)放戰(zhàn)略，不斷提升發(fā)展的內(nèi)外聯(lián)動(dòng)性，在實(shí)現(xiàn)自身發(fā)展的同時(shí)更多惠及其他國(guó)家和人民，實(shí)現(xiàn)了從封閉半封閉到全方位開(kāi)放的偉大歷史轉(zhuǎn)折，參與和推進(jìn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化進(jìn)程，促進(jìn)了人類和平與發(fā)展的崇高事業(yè)。
It is a path of seeking common development through opening up. China upholds the fundamental state policy of opening up, and pursues a mutually beneficial strategy of opening up. China has promoted interconnected development. While developing itself, China has shared its fruit with other countries and peoples. It has realized a historic evolutionary process from being completely closed, through being semi-closed, to being comprehensively open. China is an active participant and promoter of economic globalization, facilitating peace and development for humanity.
這是一條全面依法治國(guó)的道路。中國(guó)把依法治國(guó)作為國(guó)家治理的基本方略，堅(jiān)持依法治國(guó)、依法執(zhí)政、依法行政共同推進(jìn)，堅(jiān)持法治國(guó)家、法治政府、法治社會(huì)一體建設(shè)，為國(guó)家發(fā)展提供根本性、全局性、長(zhǎng)期性的制度保障，確保國(guó)家在深刻變革中既生機(jī)勃勃又井然有序，確保國(guó)家長(zhǎng)治久安。
It is a path of law-based governance. China practices the rule of law as a fundamental principle in governing the country. China pursues coordinated progress in law-based governance of the country, law-based exercise of state power and law-based administration in the government. Rule of law is a fundamental, overall and long-lasting institutional guarantee for China’s development. Rule of law ensures a vigorous and orderly society in times of profound change, and ensures lasting peace and stability.
70年來(lái)，中國(guó)發(fā)展之所以成功，最根本在于中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。中國(guó)體量巨大、國(guó)情復(fù)雜，治理難度世所罕見(jiàn)，沒(méi)有集中統(tǒng)一、堅(jiān)強(qiáng)有力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力量，中國(guó)將走向分裂和解體，給世界帶來(lái)災(zāi)難。中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨成為中國(guó)的核心領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力量長(zhǎng)期執(zhí)政并得到人民擁護(hù)，在于立黨初心不為一黨之私，而是為中國(guó)人民謀幸福、為中華民族謀復(fù)興、為人類謀和平與發(fā)展并長(zhǎng)期堅(jiān)守；在于不斷加強(qiáng)自身建設(shè)，有堅(jiān)強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)核心，有科學(xué)理論引領(lǐng)，有嚴(yán)明紀(jì)律規(guī)矩，有選賢任能機(jī)制，保持了黨的穩(wěn)定性、先進(jìn)性、純潔性；在于既有國(guó)家長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃能力，又有具體政策的強(qiáng)大執(zhí)行能力；在于與時(shí)俱進(jìn)、開(kāi)明開(kāi)放，既不忘本來(lái)又吸收外來(lái)，具有強(qiáng)大的凝聚力、組織力和號(hào)召力。
Over the past 70 years, China’s success boils down to the CPC’s leadership. Due to China’s vast territory and complicated national conditions, the governance of China is uniquely difficult. Without centralized, unified and firm leadership, China would have tended towards division and disintegration and caused widespread chaos beyond its own borders. The CPC is China’s core leadership, ruling the country for long and supported by the people. The reason lies in its founding mission of pursuing happiness for the people, realizing the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and promoting peace and development for humanity, rather than seeking its own interests. The reason lies in its capacity for self-improvement, and in its firm leadership core, effective theories, strict discipline and improved mechanisms for selecting upright and competent officials, which have ensured that the Party remains stable, progressive and clean. The reason lies in its strategic planning for the long-term development of the country and its competence in implementing specific policies. The reason lies in its open-minded ability to adapt to changing times, carrying forward its own heritage while absorbing the strengths of others, and in its ability to unite, organize and inspire the people.
70年來(lái)，中國(guó)戰(zhàn)勝了各種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和挑戰(zhàn)，創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)又一個(gè)舉世矚目的中國(guó)奇跡。特別是中共十八大以來(lái)，中國(guó)發(fā)展取得歷史性成就、發(fā)生歷史性變革，中華民族迎來(lái)了從站起來(lái)、富起來(lái)到強(qiáng)起來(lái)的偉大飛躍，比歷史上任何時(shí)候都更接近民族復(fù)興的偉大目標(biāo)。中國(guó)的這條發(fā)展道路，將隨著時(shí)代前進(jìn)越來(lái)越顯示出光明的發(fā)展前景（專欄4）。
Over the past 70 years, China has defused many risks and overcome many challenges, and marched forward step after step. In particular, since the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, China has witnessed historic achievements and changes. The Chinese nation has risen and become prosperous, and is becoming strong, closer to the goal of national rejuvenation than ever before. China’s development path will look on brighter and brighter prospects as time moves on (see Box 4).
經(jīng)過(guò)70年發(fā)展，中國(guó)取得了巨大成就，但中國(guó)仍處于并將長(zhǎng)期處于社會(huì)主義初級(jí)階段的基本國(guó)情沒(méi)有變，中國(guó)是世界上最大發(fā)展中國(guó)家的國(guó)際地位沒(méi)有變。解決好人民日益增長(zhǎng)的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的發(fā)展之間的矛盾，讓近14億人民都過(guò)上富裕的日子，仍然有很長(zhǎng)的路要走，仍然需要付出長(zhǎng)期艱苦的努力。
Through 70 years of development, China has achieved remarkable progress. However, the basic dimension of the Chinese context – that China is still and will long remain in the primary stage of socialism – has not changed. China’s status as the world’s largest developing country has not changed. If it is to relieve the strain between unbalanced and inadequate development and the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life, and ensure that its nearly 1.4 billion people enjoy a decent level of prosperity, China still has a long road to travel.
二、中國(guó)的發(fā)展是世界的機(jī)遇
II. China’s Development Is an Opportunity for the World
隨著中國(guó)綜合國(guó)力和國(guó)際影響力快速提升，國(guó)際上有些人擔(dān)心中國(guó)會(huì)走“國(guó)強(qiáng)必霸”的路子，一些人提出了所謂的“中國(guó)威脅論”。這既有認(rèn)知上的誤讀，有根深蒂固的偏見(jiàn)，也有力量消長(zhǎng)帶來(lái)的心理失衡，還有出于維護(hù)自身既得利益的刻意歪曲。實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)家富強(qiáng)、民族振興、人民幸福，既是中國(guó)人民的夢(mèng)想，也是各國(guó)人民的共同夢(mèng)想。中國(guó)的發(fā)展對(duì)世界是機(jī)遇，不是威脅和挑戰(zhàn)。
With the rapid increase of China’s comprehensive national strength and international influence, some people worry that China will fulfill the outdated expectation that a country will invariably seek hegemony when it grows strong, so they have created what they call the “China threat” theory. The causes of this theory include cognitive misunderstanding, deep-rooted prejudice, a psychological imbalance brought about by the prospect of falling power, and deliberate distortions by vested interests. To realize national prosperity, rejuvenation, and people’s happiness is a dream shared by the Chinese with peoples of other countries. Rather than a threat or challenge, China’s development is an opportunity for the world.
（一）中國(guó)是世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的主要穩(wěn)定器和動(dòng)力源
1. China is the main stabilizing force and power source of the world economy
1979年至2018年，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)以年均9.4%的速度快速發(fā)展，成為全球經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的重要引擎。2008年，全球遭遇嚴(yán)重金融危機(jī)，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)受到重創(chuàng)，中國(guó)采取一系列有效措施成功應(yīng)對(duì)危機(jī)，經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速回升向好，并持續(xù)保持中高速增長(zhǎng)，成為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的主要穩(wěn)定器和動(dòng)力源。
From 1979 to 2018 China’s economy grew rapidly at an average annual rate of 9.4 percent, and became an important engine of global economic growth. In 2008, the world suffered a serious financial crisis and the world economy was hit hard. Through a series of effective measures to deal with the crisis, China’s economy recovered rapidly and continued to maintain a medium- and high-speed growth. As a result, China became the main stabilizing force and power source of the world economy.
中國(guó)是世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的最大貢獻(xiàn)者。中共十八大以來(lái)，中國(guó)貫徹創(chuàng)新、協(xié)調(diào)、綠色、開(kāi)放、共享的新發(fā)展理念，適應(yīng)、把握、引領(lǐng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展新常態(tài)，加強(qiáng)供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革，經(jīng)濟(jì)保持持續(xù)健康發(fā)展，質(zhì)量和效益不斷提升。近三年，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)總量連續(xù)跨越70萬(wàn)、80萬(wàn)和90萬(wàn)億元大關(guān)，占世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的比重接近16%。2013－2018年，中國(guó)對(duì)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的平均貢獻(xiàn)率超過(guò)28.1%。有關(guān)測(cè)算結(jié)果表明，2013－2016年，如果沒(méi)有中國(guó)因素，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)年均增速將放緩0.6個(gè)百分點(diǎn)，波動(dòng)強(qiáng)度將提高5.2%。麥肯錫全球研究院發(fā)布報(bào)告認(rèn)為，2000－2017年，世界對(duì)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的綜合依存度指數(shù)從0.4逐步上升至1.2，中國(guó)貢獻(xiàn)了全球制造業(yè)總產(chǎn)出的35%。（注2）
China is the biggest contributor to world economic growth. Since the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, China has implemented the concepts of innovative, coordinated, green, open and inclusive development. It has adapted to, steered, and led the new normal of economic development, strengthened supply-side structural reform, and maintained a sustainable and healthy economic development with increasing quality and efficiency. In the past three years, China’s economic aggregate has exceeded RMB70, 80, and 90 trillion successively, accounting for nearly 16 percent of the world economy. From 2013 to 2018, China contributed more than 28 percent of world economic growth on average. Estimates show that without China, the average annual growth rate of the world economy from 2013 to 2016 would have slowed by 0.6 percentage point and the intensity of fluctuation would have increased by 5.2 percent. According to a report released by the McKinsey Global Institute (MGI), the aggregate index of the world’s exposure to China’s economy gradually rose from 0.4 to 1.2 between 2000 and 2017, with China accounting for 35 percent of global manufacturing output.5
中國(guó)科技創(chuàng)新為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)注入新動(dòng)能。近年來(lái)，中國(guó)科技領(lǐng)域投入不斷增加，重大科技創(chuàng)新成果不斷涌現(xiàn)。2018年，中國(guó)研發(fā)支出占GDP的比重為2.19%。世界知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)組織等發(fā)布的全球創(chuàng)新指數(shù)顯示，2019年，中國(guó)國(guó)家創(chuàng)新能力排名升至全球第14位，比2018年前進(jìn)3名（專欄5），成為唯一進(jìn)入前20名的中等收入經(jīng)濟(jì)體。（注3）在高科技領(lǐng)域，中國(guó)正在實(shí)現(xiàn)趕超，量子通信、超級(jí)計(jì)算、航空航天、人工智能、第五代移動(dòng)通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)（5G）、移動(dòng)支付、新能源汽車(chē)、高速鐵路、金融科技等處于世界領(lǐng)先地位。中國(guó)的科技創(chuàng)新成果廣泛應(yīng)用，為其他國(guó)家人民生產(chǎn)生活帶來(lái)更多便利，為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)注入了新動(dòng)能。
China’s scientific and technological innovations have injected new momentum into world economic growth. In recent years, investment in the field of science and technology in China has been increasing, and major scientific and technological innovations have emerged. In 2018, China’s R&D spending accounted for 2.19 percent of GDP. According to the Global Innovation Index (GII) released by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and other organizations, China continued its rise in 2019, moving from 17th in 2018 to 14th (see Box 5); it is the only middle-income economy in the top 20.6 In the field of high technology, China is catching up and getting ahead. Quantum communications, supercomputing, aerospace, artificial intelligence, fifth-generation mobile network technology (5G), mobile payment, new energy vehicles, high-speed rail, and financial technology are sectors in which China leads the world. China’s innovations in science and technology have been widely applied, bringing more convenience to the work and daily life of people of other countries, and injecting new momentum into world economic growth.
未來(lái)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的穩(wěn)定器和動(dòng)力源作用更加凸顯。當(dāng)前世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)動(dòng)力不足，穩(wěn)健的中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)對(duì)世界越來(lái)越重要。中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)正由高速增長(zhǎng)轉(zhuǎn)向高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，新型工業(yè)化、信息化、城鎮(zhèn)化、農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化加快推進(jìn)，經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)深度調(diào)整，產(chǎn)業(yè)優(yōu)化持續(xù)升級(jí)，新經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)不斷涌現(xiàn)。2018年，中國(guó)常住人口城鎮(zhèn)化率達(dá)到59.6%，未來(lái)人口城鎮(zhèn)化水平將穩(wěn)步提高，城鎮(zhèn)常住人口繼續(xù)增加，帶來(lái)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、地產(chǎn)、新零售、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生、教育、文化娛樂(lè)等多個(gè)領(lǐng)域的廣泛需求，為經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展提供重要引擎。新產(chǎn)業(yè)新業(yè)態(tài)快速崛起，2018年，高技術(shù)制造業(yè)、戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)和裝備制造業(yè)增加值分別比上年增長(zhǎng)11.7%、8.9%和8.1%；新能源汽車(chē)、智能電視、鋰離子電池和集成電路分別增長(zhǎng)66.2%、17.7%、12.9%和11.2%；信息服務(wù)業(yè)同比增速高達(dá)30.7%，移動(dòng)游戲、網(wǎng)絡(luò)購(gòu)物、約車(chē)平臺(tái)、旅游平臺(tái)、大數(shù)據(jù)云計(jì)算等子行業(yè)增速達(dá)30%－50%，每個(gè)子行業(yè)都誕生了一批獨(dú)角獸企業(yè)。麥肯錫全球研究院的研究報(bào)告認(rèn)為，到2040年，中國(guó)和世界其他經(jīng)濟(jì)體彼此融合有望創(chuàng)造22萬(wàn)億至37萬(wàn)億美元經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值，相當(dāng)于全球經(jīng)濟(jì)總量的15%－26%，世界其他經(jīng)濟(jì)體和中國(guó)加強(qiáng)合作，將會(huì)創(chuàng)造出巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值。（注4）
In the future, China will become more prominent in its role as a stabilizing force and power source. Currently, the world economy lacks momentum for growth, and the solidity of the Chinese economy is becoming more and more important to the world. China’s economy is changing from high-speed growth to high-quality development, and new industrialization, information technology application, urbanization and agricultural modernization are gathering speed. The economic structure is undergoing a profound adjustment, industrial upgrading is continuing, and new economic growth areas are constantly emerging. The urbanization rate of permanent residents reached 59.6 percent in 2018 and will increase steadily. The number of permanent urban residents will continue to increase. This will bring a wide range of needs in various areas, such as infrastructure, real estate, new retail, medical treatment and public health, education, culture and entertainment, and provide an important engine for economic development. New industries and business forms are emerging. In 2018, the added value of high-tech manufacturing increased by 11.7 percent over the previous year. Corresponding figures for strategic emerging industries and equipment manufacturing were 8.9 percent and 8.1 percent. New energy vehicles, intelligent televisions, lithium-ion batteries and integrated circuits increased by 66.2, 17.7, 12.9 and 11.2 percent, respectively. The growth rate of the information service industry is as high as 30.7 percent, and the growth rate of mobile games, online shopping, ride-sharing platforms, travel platforms, big data cloud computing and other sub-industries is 30 to 50 percent. Each sub-industry has given birth to a number of “unicorn” enterprises. According to an MGI report, by 2040, the integration between China and the rest of the world is expected to drive economic value of US$22 trillion to US$37 trillion, equivalent to 15 to 26 percent of global GDP. Strengthened cooperation between China and other countries will create enormous economic value.9
中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)與世界經(jīng)濟(jì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生結(jié)構(gòu)性變化，深度融合在一起。經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行更穩(wěn)定、增長(zhǎng)質(zhì)量更高、增長(zhǎng)前景可期的中國(guó)，對(duì)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展是長(zhǎng)期利好（專欄6）。把中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展看作“威脅”和“挑戰(zhàn)”，試圖把中國(guó)擠出全球產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈、供應(yīng)鏈、價(jià)值鏈，使中國(guó)與世界經(jīng)濟(jì)“脫鉤”，既不可行，而且有害。
China’s economy and the world economy have undergone structural changes and are deeply integrated. China, which has a more stable economy, higher quality of growth, and promising growth prospects, contributes to the development of the world economy in the long run (see Box 6). It is both unrealistic and harmful to regard China’s economic development as a “threat” or “challenge” and try to squeeze China out of the global industrial chain, supply chain and value chain so as to “detach” China from the world economy.
（二）全方位對(duì)外開(kāi)放為各國(guó)分享“中國(guó)紅利”創(chuàng)造更多機(jī)會(huì)
2. All-round opening up creates more opportunities for all countries to share the benefits of China’s development
中國(guó)堅(jiān)定不移奉行互利共贏的開(kāi)放戰(zhàn)略，實(shí)現(xiàn)更大力度、更高水平的對(duì)外開(kāi)放。安全穩(wěn)定的政治環(huán)境，數(shù)量龐大、需求升級(jí)的消費(fèi)群體，素質(zhì)全面、吃苦耐勞的勞動(dòng)者，健全完善、周全周到的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和法治化、國(guó)際化、便利化的營(yíng)商環(huán)境，為各國(guó)提供更廣闊市場(chǎng)、更充足資本、更豐富產(chǎn)品、更多合作契機(jī)。中國(guó)始終是全球共同開(kāi)放的重要推動(dòng)者、各國(guó)拓展商機(jī)的活力大市場(chǎng)。
China pursues a mutually beneficial strategy of opening up and strives to open up wider. A safe and stable political environment, large consumer groups with escalating needs, hard-working and well-qualified workers, sound and complete infrastructure, and an international and convenient business environment of fair competition under the rule of law, all provide countries with a broader market, more capital, richer products, and more opportunities for cooperation. China has always been an important promoter of global openness and a dynamic market for all countries to expand business opportunities.
中國(guó)有世界上最具潛力的消費(fèi)市場(chǎng)。中國(guó)既是“世界工廠”，也是“全球市場(chǎng)”。中國(guó)有近14億人口、4億中等收入群體，市場(chǎng)規(guī)模全球最大。中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展，帶來(lái)多個(gè)領(lǐng)域的廣泛需求，為經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展提供重要引擎。中國(guó)消費(fèi)空間和潛力巨大，消費(fèi)升級(jí)態(tài)勢(shì)明顯，消費(fèi)增速超過(guò)固定資產(chǎn)投資，消費(fèi)梯度效應(yīng)凸顯，消費(fèi)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)貢獻(xiàn)越來(lái)越大（專欄7）。麥肯錫全球研究院發(fā)布報(bào)告認(rèn)為，在汽車(chē)、酒類、手機(jī)等許多品類中，中國(guó)都是全球第一大市場(chǎng)，消費(fèi)額約占全球消費(fèi)總額的30%。（注5）龐大的消費(fèi)需求為世界各國(guó)提供了巨大市場(chǎng)。未來(lái)15年，中國(guó)進(jìn)口商品和服務(wù)將分別超過(guò)30萬(wàn)億美元和10萬(wàn)億美元。
China has the most promising consumer market in the world. It is not only “the world’s factory”, but also a global market. With a population of nearly 1.4 billion and a middle-income group of 400 million, China has the largest market in the world. The sustained and healthy development of China’s economy has created extensive demand in many fields and provided an important engine for economic development. China has huge space and potential for consumption, which is clearly moving up market and making a growing contribution to the economy. The consumption growth rate has surpassed that of fixed asset investment, and its gradient effect is prominent (see Box 7). According to an MGI report, China is the world’s largest market in many categories, including automobiles, alcohol and mobile phones, accounting for about 30 percent of global consumption.11 Its huge consumer demand provides an enormous market for countries all over the world. In the coming 15 years, China’s imports of goods and services are expected to exceed US$30 trillion and US$10 trillion.
中國(guó)是最具吸引力的投資目的地。中國(guó)的勞動(dòng)力資源近9億人，就業(yè)人員7億多，受過(guò)高等教育和職業(yè)教育的高素質(zhì)人才1.7億，每年大學(xué)畢業(yè)生有800多萬(wàn)，人才紅利巨大。中國(guó)不斷優(yōu)化營(yíng)商環(huán)境，給國(guó)外生產(chǎn)者、投資者提供更加廣闊的空間、更加優(yōu)質(zhì)的營(yíng)商環(huán)境（專欄8）。中國(guó)實(shí)行高水平的貿(mào)易和投資自由化便利化政策，制定《外商投資法》，全面實(shí)施準(zhǔn)入前國(guó)民待遇加負(fù)面清單管理制度，持續(xù)放寬市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入，著力打造對(duì)外開(kāi)放新高地。中國(guó)加大知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)力度，進(jìn)一步完善體制機(jī)制、法律法規(guī)，健全與國(guó)際經(jīng)貿(mào)規(guī)則接軌的創(chuàng)新保護(hù)體系，為廣大投資者和權(quán)利人提供更加有力有效的保護(hù)。聯(lián)合國(guó)貿(mào)發(fā)會(huì)議《2019年世界投資報(bào)告》顯示，2018年全球外國(guó)直接投資延續(xù)了下滑趨勢(shì)，規(guī)模較上年下降了13%，但中國(guó)實(shí)現(xiàn)了逆勢(shì)增長(zhǎng)，繼續(xù)穩(wěn)居全球第二大外資流入國(guó)地位。（注6）2019年上半年，中國(guó)實(shí)際使用外資4783.3億元人民幣，同比增長(zhǎng)7.2%，特別是高技術(shù)制造和高技術(shù)服務(wù)業(yè)投資增幅較大，展現(xiàn)出對(duì)外資的強(qiáng)大吸引力。
China is the most attractive investment destination. It has a workforce of almost 900 million, and more than 700 million are employed. It has a talent bank of 170 million people who have received higher education or vocational education, and generates more than 8 million college graduates each year.
China continues to optimize its business environment, giving foreign manufacturers and investors a broader space and a better business environment (see Box 8). China has implemented a wide range of trade and investment liberalization and facilitation policies, formulated the Foreign Investment Law, and implemented the system of pre-establishment national treatment plus a negative list across the board. It continues to relax market access, and has made great efforts to establish pilots for opening wider to the world.
China has stepped up the protection of intellectual property rights. It has improved the relevant systems, mechanisms, laws and regulations, and enhanced the innovation protection system in line with international economic and trade rules, so as to provide more powerful and effective protection for the investors and IPR holders.
According to the “World Investment Report 2019” of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), global FDI continued its slide in 2018, down by 13 percent from the previous year, but China achieved counter-trend growth and continued as the world’s second largest recipient of FDI.12 In the first half of 2019, foreign investment in actual use in China was RMB478.33 billion, an increase of 7.2 percent over the same period last year; foreign investment in high-tech manufacturing and services grew especially fast.
更大規(guī)?！白叱鋈ァ被菁案鄧?guó)家。中國(guó)企業(yè)積極參與國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與合作，更深更廣地開(kāi)展全球貿(mào)易投資活動(dòng)，為促進(jìn)東道國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)、擴(kuò)大當(dāng)?shù)鼐蜆I(yè)作貢獻(xiàn)。倫敦大學(xué)亞非學(xué)院（SOAS）一項(xiàng)關(guān)于中國(guó)在非投資情況的調(diào)查報(bào)告表明，在埃塞俄比亞的中國(guó)企業(yè)建設(shè)工地和工廠，當(dāng)?shù)貑T工雇傭率在90%以上，中國(guó)企業(yè)為非洲創(chuàng)造了大量就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。（注7）預(yù)計(jì)未來(lái)5年，中國(guó)對(duì)外貨物貿(mào)易將達(dá)到25萬(wàn)億美元。隨著中國(guó)對(duì)外開(kāi)放的大門(mén)越開(kāi)越大，將有越來(lái)越多的企業(yè)到國(guó)外投資，越來(lái)越多的中國(guó)人赴國(guó)外留學(xué)、工作、旅游。中國(guó)積極推動(dòng)科學(xué)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新走向世界，使技術(shù)發(fā)展和創(chuàng)新不僅造福中國(guó)而且惠及世界，讓更多人享受科技發(fā)展帶來(lái)的便利和好處（專欄9）。
China’s further “going global” benefits more countries. Chinese enterprises actively participate in international competition and cooperation, carry out deeper and wider global trade and investment activities, and contribute to the economic growth of host countries and the expansion of local employment. A survey of Chinese investment in Africa by the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) of the University of London shows that more than 90 percent of employees at construction sites and factories run by Chinese enterprises in Ethiopia are local residents. Chinese companies have created a large number of jobs in Africa.14 It is estimated that China’s foreign trade in goods will reach US$25 trillion in the next five years. With the country opening ever wider to the world, more and more Chinese enterprises will invest abroad, and more Chinese will study, work and travel abroad. China has actively promoted the “going global” of scientific and technological innovation to the advantage of both China and the rest of the world, and more people can enjoy the convenience and benefits brought about by science and technology (see Box 9).
開(kāi)放應(yīng)該是雙向的、互利的，而不應(yīng)是單向的、一方受益的。互利雙向才能長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)持久。中國(guó)承諾持續(xù)擴(kuò)大進(jìn)口、放寬市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入、改善營(yíng)商環(huán)境、加強(qiáng)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)，其他國(guó)家也應(yīng)該擴(kuò)大開(kāi)放，采取相應(yīng)舉措，努力改進(jìn)自己的營(yíng)商環(huán)境。只有各方相向而行，才能營(yíng)造出開(kāi)放、包容、普惠、平衡、共贏的發(fā)展環(huán)境，共同把發(fā)展的“蛋糕”越做越大，形成互利共贏的利益共同體。
Opening up should be mutually beneficial rather than a zero-sum game. Only mutual benefit can endure. China is committed to further expanding imports, relaxing market access, improving the business environment, and strengthening the protection of intellectual property rights. Other countries should also open wider to the world and take corresponding measures to improve their business environment. Only by moving towards each other can we create a development environment that is open, inclusive, balanced and beneficial to all, make the “cake” of development bigger, and form a mutually beneficial community of shared interests.
（三）中國(guó)為國(guó)際社會(huì)提供更多公共產(chǎn)品
3. China is providing more public goods to the international community
中華民族歷來(lái)有立己達(dá)人、兼濟(jì)天下的情懷。中國(guó)發(fā)展得益于國(guó)際社會(huì)，也始終不忘回饋國(guó)際大家庭，為國(guó)際社會(huì)提供更多更好公共產(chǎn)品。
The Chinese have always believed that “You yourself desire rank and standing; then help others to get rank and standing”. We care for the people of the world and strive for the greater good while pursuing our own development. China has benefited from the international community for its development, and it has never forgotten to provide it with more and better public goods in return.
推動(dòng)高質(zhì)量共建“一帶一路”。共建“一帶一路”倡議以共商共建共享為原則，以和平合作、開(kāi)放包容、互學(xué)互鑒、互利共贏的絲綢之路精神為指引，以政策溝通、設(shè)施聯(lián)通、貿(mào)易暢通、資金融通、民心相通為重點(diǎn)，已經(jīng)從理念轉(zhuǎn)化為行動(dòng)，從愿景轉(zhuǎn)化為現(xiàn)實(shí)，從倡議轉(zhuǎn)化為全球廣受歡迎的公共產(chǎn)品（專欄10）。2016年11月聯(lián)合國(guó)通過(guò)決議，歡迎共建“一帶一路”等經(jīng)濟(jì)合作倡議。2017年3月，聯(lián)合國(guó)安理會(huì)決議中呼吁各國(guó)推進(jìn)“一帶一路”建設(shè)，構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體。“一帶一路”倡議源于中國(guó)，機(jī)會(huì)和成果屬于世界。據(jù)世界銀行研究報(bào)告，“一帶一路”倡議將使相關(guān)國(guó)家760萬(wàn)人擺脫極端貧困、3200萬(wàn)擺脫中度貧困，將使參與國(guó)貿(mào)易增長(zhǎng)2.8%至9.7%、全球貿(mào)易增長(zhǎng)1.7%至6.2%、全球收入增加0.7%至2.9%。（注8）“一帶一路”倡議是名副其實(shí)的資源共享、共同繁榮、共同發(fā)展之路。
We will build a high-quality Belt and Road together with our partners. The Belt and Road Initiative is based on the principles of extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits, and is guided by the Silk Road spirit characterized by peace, cooperation, openness, inclusiveness, mutual learning and mutual benefit. With a focus on policy coordination, connectivity of infrastructure, unimpeded trade, financial integration and closer people-to-people ties, it has transformed from ideas into action, from vision into reality, from a conceptual initiative into a globally popular public product (see Box 10). In November 2016, the United Nations adopted a resolution welcoming economic cooperation initiatives such as the Belt and Road Initiative. In March 2017, the United Nations Security Council called on all countries in its resolution to promote the initiative and the building of a global community of shared future. The Belt and Road Initiative originated in China, but the opportunities and achievements belong to the whole world. According to a World Bank research report, the initiative will help 7.6 million people out of extreme poverty and 32 million out of moderate poverty. It will increase trade in participating countries by 2.8 to 9.7 percent, global trade by 1.7 to 6.2 percent and global income by 0.7 to 2.9 percent.19 The initiative is a veritable road to resource sharing, shared prosperity and common development.
搭建多邊對(duì)話和合作平臺(tái)。中國(guó)堅(jiān)定支持多邊主義，主張國(guó)際上的事由各國(guó)商量著辦，積極搭建政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、安全、人文等領(lǐng)域多邊對(duì)話和合作平臺(tái)。創(chuàng)辦“一帶一路”國(guó)際合作高峰論壇、中國(guó)國(guó)際進(jìn)口博覽會(huì)、虹橋國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇、中非合作論壇、中阿合作論壇、中拉論壇、博鰲亞洲論壇、中國(guó)－東盟博覽會(huì)、中國(guó)－阿拉伯國(guó)家博覽會(huì)、中國(guó)－非洲經(jīng)貿(mào)博覽會(huì)、亞洲文明對(duì)話大會(huì)、世界互聯(lián)網(wǎng)大會(huì)等多個(gè)全球和區(qū)域性多邊平臺(tái)，推動(dòng)多邊合作日益深入。主辦亞信上海峰會(huì)、亞太經(jīng)合組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人北京非正式會(huì)議、二十國(guó)集團(tuán)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人杭州峰會(huì)、金磚國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人廈門(mén)會(huì)晤、上海合作組織青島峰會(huì)等，取得一系列開(kāi)創(chuàng)性、引領(lǐng)性、機(jī)制性成果。發(fā)起成立亞洲基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資銀行、新開(kāi)發(fā)銀行等國(guó)際金融合作機(jī)構(gòu)，為全球包容性發(fā)展貢獻(xiàn)越來(lái)越大的力量。發(fā)起成立上海合作組織，為維護(hù)地區(qū)和世界和平穩(wěn)定發(fā)揮了重要作用。
China is building platforms for multilateral dialogue and cooperation. We firmly support multilateralism and advocate that international affairs should be discussed and handled by all countries. China has set up platforms for multilateral dialogue and cooperation in political, economic, security, cultural and other fields. To promote multilateral cooperation, we have established a number of global and regional multilateral platforms including:
Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation,
China International Import Expo,
Hongqiao International Economic Forum,
Forum on China-Africa Cooperation,
China-Arab States Cooperation Forum,
China-CELAC Forum,
Boao Forum for Asia,
China-ASEAN Expo,
China-Arab States Expo,
China-Africa Economic and Trade Expo,
Conference on Dialogue of Asian Civilizations, and
World Internet Conference.
China has hosted the CICA Summit in Shanghai, APEC Leaders’ Informal Meeting in Beijing, G20 Hangzhou Summit, BRICS Summit in Xiamen, and SCO Qingdao Summit, marking a series of pioneering, leading and institutional achievements. We have initiated the establishment of international financial cooperation institutions such as the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and the New Development Bank, making a growing contribution to the inclusive development of the world. The China-initiated SCO has played an important role in safeguarding regional and world peace and stability.
積極參與國(guó)際和地區(qū)事務(wù)。中國(guó)作為聯(lián)合國(guó)安理會(huì)常任理事國(guó)，努力為解決國(guó)際和地區(qū)熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題貢獻(xiàn)智慧和力量。積極推動(dòng)朝鮮半島、伊朗核、敘利亞、阿富汗等地區(qū)熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題政治解決，致力于推動(dòng)對(duì)話協(xié)商，尋求各方都能接受的解決方案。積極參與聯(lián)合國(guó)及其他多邊平臺(tái)氣候治理進(jìn)程，堅(jiān)定支持并推動(dòng)《巴黎氣候變化協(xié)定》落實(shí)。積極推動(dòng)落實(shí)聯(lián)合國(guó)《全球反恐戰(zhàn)略》及安理會(huì)反恐決議，積極參與國(guó)際反恐合作。不斷加強(qiáng)能源安全、糧食安全、網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全、極地、外空、海洋等領(lǐng)域國(guó)際交流與合作。
China actively participates in international and regional affairs. As a permanent member of the UN Security Council, China strives to contribute wisdom and strength to the settlement of major international and regional flashpoints. China has worked to promote the political settlement of the Korean Peninsula, Iran nuclear, Syria, and Afghanistan issues, and is committed to promoting dialogue and consultation and seeking solutions acceptable to all parties concerned. We have actively participated in the climate governance process of the United Nations and other multilateral platforms, and firmly supported and promoted the implementation of the Paris Agreement. We have promoted and implemented the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy and the Security Council counter-terrorism resolutions, and actively participated in international counter-terrorism actions. We have strengthened international exchanges and cooperation in energy, food and network security, and in the polar regions, outer space and the oceans.
積極開(kāi)展對(duì)外援助。中國(guó)自身是發(fā)展中國(guó)家，對(duì)其他發(fā)展中國(guó)家正在經(jīng)受的貧困與苦難感同身受，力所能及地為他們提供援助。中國(guó)堅(jiān)持正確義利觀，秉持相互尊重、平等相待，重信守諾、互利共贏，量力而行、盡力而為的原則，不附加任何政治條件地為廣大發(fā)展中國(guó)家提供資金、技術(shù)、人員、智力等方面援助，幫助受援國(guó)增強(qiáng)自主發(fā)展能力，為促進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展、改善民眾生活、實(shí)現(xiàn)聯(lián)合國(guó)2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程作出更大貢獻(xiàn)。
China has actively provided aid to countries in need. As a developing country itself, China identifies with other developing countries in terms of the poverty and suffering they are experiencing and provides them with assistance within its capacity. China upholds the greater good and pursues shared interests, adheres to the principles of mutual respect, equality, keeping promises, mutual benefit, and offering the utmost assistance within its capacity. It provides financial, technical, personnel and intellectual assistance to developing countries without any political strings attached, so as to help recipient countries strengthen their capacity for independent development, and to make a greater contribution to promoting their economic and social development and people’s wellbeing and achieving the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
（四）中國(guó)發(fā)展為其他發(fā)展中國(guó)家提供經(jīng)驗(yàn)和借鑒
4. China’s development provides experience and reference for other developing countries
一個(gè)國(guó)家找到適合本國(guó)國(guó)情的發(fā)展道路并不容易。近代以來(lái)，許多發(fā)展中國(guó)家艱辛探索，希望實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)富民強(qiáng)，但真正找到適合自身的道路、實(shí)現(xiàn)良好發(fā)展的并不多。一些國(guó)家盲目照搬或被迫引入西方模式，不僅沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、政治穩(wěn)定，反而陷入社會(huì)動(dòng)亂、經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)、治理癱瘓，甚至發(fā)生無(wú)休止的內(nèi)戰(zhàn)。
It is not easy for a country to find a development path suited to its own national conditions. In the recent past, many developing countries have worked hard in the hope of making themselves prosperous and strong, but few have really found the right path and achieved good development. Some countries blindly copied or were forced to adopt the Western model, but they did not achieve economic development or political stability. Instead they fell into social unrest, economic crisis, governance paralysis, and even endless civil war.
在幾十年艱辛探索中，中國(guó)始終堅(jiān)定不移走自己的路，在不斷探索中形成了自己的發(fā)展道路。中國(guó)發(fā)展的成功，提振了發(fā)展中國(guó)家實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)富民強(qiáng)的信心，拓展了發(fā)展中國(guó)家走向現(xiàn)代化的途徑，為世界上那些既希望加快發(fā)展又希望保持自身獨(dú)立的國(guó)家和民族，走符合本國(guó)國(guó)情的道路提供了經(jīng)驗(yàn)和借鑒。
Over decades of arduous exploration, China has always taken its own road and formed its own development path. China’s success has boosted the confidence of other developing countries in their ability to achieve prosperity, expanded their routes towards modernization, and provided experience and reference to countries that want to speed up their development and maintain their independence, enabling them to choose a path in line with their own national conditions.
照搬沒(méi)有出路，模仿容易迷失。中國(guó)發(fā)展的最大啟示，就是一個(gè)國(guó)家走什么樣的發(fā)展道路，既要借鑒別國(guó)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，更要立足本國(guó)實(shí)際，依據(jù)自己的歷史傳承、文化傳統(tǒng)、經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展水平，由這個(gè)國(guó)家的人民來(lái)決定。世界上沒(méi)有放之四海而皆準(zhǔn)的發(fā)展道路和發(fā)展模式，也沒(méi)有一成不變的發(fā)展道路和發(fā)展模式。各國(guó)可以相互學(xué)習(xí)借鑒發(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn)，但現(xiàn)代化不等于西方化，不能生搬硬套，更不能一家說(shuō)了算。發(fā)展道路合不合適，關(guān)鍵要看這條道路能不能解決本國(guó)面臨的歷史性課題和現(xiàn)實(shí)性問(wèn)題，能不能改善民生、增進(jìn)福祉，能不能得到人民的贊成和擁護(hù)。
Copying or imitating other countries offers no way forward. The greatest inspiration from China’s development is: What kind of path a country takes should be based on the experience of other countries, but more importantly on its own reality, and should be decided by its own people in accordance with its own history, cultural traditions, and level of economic and social development. There is no such thing as one single path or model that is universally applicable. Countries can learn from each other. But modernization is not equal to Westernization, and cannot be mechanically carried out or achieved through the same model. Whether the path of a country is the right one depends on whether this path can solve the historic and practical problems facing the country, whether it can improve people’s wellbeing, and whether it can win the recognition and support of the people.
選擇什么樣的發(fā)展道路，是每個(gè)主權(quán)國(guó)家的權(quán)利。任何國(guó)家都不能將自己的模式強(qiáng)加于人，更無(wú)權(quán)強(qiáng)行顛覆他國(guó)政權(quán)和政治制度。中國(guó)尊重其他國(guó)家選擇的不同發(fā)展道路，中國(guó)不“輸入”外國(guó)模式，也不“輸出”中國(guó)模式，不會(huì)要求別國(guó)“復(fù)制”中國(guó)的做法。中國(guó)將通過(guò)深化自身實(shí)踐，不斷探索現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)規(guī)律、國(guó)家治理規(guī)律、人類社會(huì)發(fā)展規(guī)律，與各國(guó)加強(qiáng)治國(guó)理政交流，共享發(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn)，共同實(shí)現(xiàn)良政善治。
It is the right of every sovereign state to choose its own development path. No country can impose its own model on others, let alone forcibly subvert the governments and political systems of other countries. China respects the different paths chosen by other countries. It does not “import” foreign models, nor “export” the Chinese model, and will never require other countries to replicate its practices. By furthering its own experience, China will continue to explore the laws of modernization, governance and human society, strengthen exchanges with other countries in state governance, and share experience to jointly realize good governance.
（五）中國(guó)絕不走“國(guó)強(qiáng)必霸”的路子
5. China will never seek hegemony
歷史上確有國(guó)家因強(qiáng)成霸，但國(guó)強(qiáng)必霸不是歷史定律。用西方一些國(guó)家的發(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn)評(píng)判中國(guó)，把西方一些國(guó)家的發(fā)展邏輯套用于中國(guó)，得出的結(jié)論必然荒謬失真。中國(guó)走和平發(fā)展道路，不是外交辭令，不是權(quán)宜之計(jì)，不是戰(zhàn)略模糊，而是思想自信和實(shí)踐自覺(jué)的有機(jī)統(tǒng)一，是堅(jiān)定不移的戰(zhàn)略選擇和鄭重承諾。無(wú)論國(guó)際形勢(shì)如何變化，無(wú)論自身如何發(fā)展，中國(guó)永不稱霸、永不擴(kuò)張、永不謀求勢(shì)力范圍。
It is true that in the past, countries that grew strong have sought hegemony, but this is not a historical law. The conclusion is bound to be absurd and distorted if one judges China against the experience of some Western powers and applies their logic to China. China’s pursuit of peaceful development is not diplomatic rhetoric, or an act of expediency, or a strategic ambiguity. Rather, it showcases China’s confidence in thought and readiness for practice, and represents China’s unswerving strategic choice and solemn commitment. China will never pursue hegemony or expansion, nor will it seek to create spheres of influence, no matter how international situation changes, how China develops itself.
中國(guó)走和平發(fā)展道路，來(lái)源于中華文明的深厚底蘊(yùn)。中華文明起源于內(nèi)陸和農(nóng)耕，是內(nèi)斂、防御的文明。5000多年的中華文化，蘊(yùn)含著天人合一的宇宙觀、協(xié)和萬(wàn)邦的國(guó)際觀、和而不同的社會(huì)觀、人心和善的道德觀。中國(guó)自古倡導(dǎo)“強(qiáng)不執(zhí)弱，富不侮貧”“己所不欲，勿施于人”，深知“國(guó)雖大，好戰(zhàn)必亡”。中華民族的血液里沒(méi)有侵略他人、稱霸世界的基因。近代以來(lái)，中國(guó)飽受列強(qiáng)欺凌，對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和動(dòng)蕩帶來(lái)的苦難刻骨銘心，絕不會(huì)將曾經(jīng)遭受的苦難強(qiáng)加給其他民族。
China takes the road of peaceful development, which comes from the profound heritage of Chinese civilization. Chinese civilization originated from inland and farming; it is a moderate and defensive civilization. With a history dating back more than 5,000 years, Chinese culture contains the cosmological view of the unity of man and nature, the international view of harmony between all countries, the social view of harmony in diversity, and the moral view of kindness and benevolence. Since ancient times, China has advocated that “the strong should not oppress the weak, and the rich should not abuse the poor”, and “do not do to others what you do not want others to do to you”, knowing that “a warlike state, however big it may be, will eventually perish”. The Chinese nation does not have the gene to invade others and dominate the world. From the mid-19th century, China was abused by the Western powers and left with indelible memories of the suffering brought about by war and instability. It will never impose the suffering it has endured on other nations.
中國(guó)走和平發(fā)展道路，來(lái)源于對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)中國(guó)發(fā)展目標(biāo)條件的認(rèn)知。發(fā)展是中國(guó)的第一要?jiǎng)?wù)。70年來(lái)，中國(guó)的發(fā)展得益于和平穩(wěn)定的外部環(huán)境，中國(guó)進(jìn)一步發(fā)展同樣需要和平穩(wěn)定的外部環(huán)境。中國(guó)實(shí)現(xiàn)更好發(fā)展，關(guān)鍵還是集中精力辦好自己的事情，以發(fā)展促和平、以和平促發(fā)展。對(duì)外搞擴(kuò)張、搞霸權(quán)，不符合中國(guó)利益，違背人民意愿。積極爭(zhēng)取和平的國(guó)際環(huán)境發(fā)展自己，又以自身的發(fā)展更好地維護(hù)世界和平、促進(jìn)共同發(fā)展，始終是中國(guó)堅(jiān)定不移的國(guó)家意志。
China’s peaceful development comes from its understanding of the conditions for achieving development goals. Development is China’s top priority. Over the past 70 years, China has benefited from a peaceful and stable external environment, and in the future, it also needs such an external environment. The key to China’s success lies in concentrating on running its own affairs well and realizing the mutual promotion of peace and development. Expansion and hegemony go against China’s interests and the will of the people. It has always been China’s unswerving national will to strive for a peaceful international environment favorable to its own development, and to better safeguard world peace and promote common development through its own.
中國(guó)走和平發(fā)展道路，來(lái)源于對(duì)世界發(fā)展大勢(shì)的深刻把握。當(dāng)今世界，各國(guó)越來(lái)越成為“你中有我，我中有你”的利益共同體、命運(yùn)共同體，和平、發(fā)展、合作、共贏是時(shí)代潮流。任何一個(gè)國(guó)家，無(wú)論大小強(qiáng)弱，只有在平等、互利、共贏基礎(chǔ)上參與國(guó)際合作，才能實(shí)現(xiàn)持續(xù)發(fā)展；反之，追逐霸權(quán)，窮兵黷武，只會(huì)消耗國(guó)力、走向衰亡。人類歷史上由于強(qiáng)國(guó)爭(zhēng)霸導(dǎo)致戰(zhàn)亂頻仍、生靈涂炭、人類文明遭受挫折甚至倒退，教訓(xùn)慘痛而深刻。要和平不要戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，要發(fā)展不要貧窮，要穩(wěn)定不要混亂，是各國(guó)人民樸素而真實(shí)的共同愿望。中國(guó)走和平發(fā)展道路，符合歷史潮流，順應(yīng)世界大勢(shì)。
China’s peaceful development comes from a profound understanding of the general trend of world development. Today, countries are becoming a close-knit community of shared interests and future, and peace, development, cooperation, and mutual benefit are the trends of the times. Any country, big or small, strong or weak, can achieve sustainable development only if it participates in international cooperation on the basis of equality and mutual benefit. In contrast, pursuing hegemony and militarism will only consume national strength and lead to decline. In human history, the struggle for hegemony of the major powers has resulted in frequent wars, loss of life, setbacks for humanity, and even the retrogression of human civilization. The lessons have been painful and profound. Peace, development and stability, rather than war, poverty and chaos, are the true aspirations of the people of all countries. China’s path of peaceful development is in line with the trend of history and the general trend of the world.
中國(guó)有發(fā)展的權(quán)利，中國(guó)人民有追求美好生活的權(quán)利。作為歷史上曾經(jīng)遭受欺凌、蒙受屈辱的大國(guó)，中國(guó)發(fā)展的目的是贏得尊嚴(yán)和安全，讓歷經(jīng)苦難的人民過(guò)上好日子。在追求這個(gè)目標(biāo)的過(guò)程中，中國(guó)自然而然地發(fā)展了、強(qiáng)大了，但不是想要威脅誰(shuí)、挑戰(zhàn)誰(shuí)、取代誰(shuí)，更不是要在世界上稱王稱霸。中國(guó)的未來(lái)掌握在自己手中，中國(guó)的命運(yùn)由中國(guó)人民說(shuō)了算。沒(méi)有任何人能夠剝奪中國(guó)人民追求美好生活的權(quán)利，也沒(méi)有任何人能夠阻擋中國(guó)向前發(fā)展的步伐。
China has the right to development, and its people have the right to pursue a better life. As a country that suffered abuse and humiliation in the past, China aims to win dignity, security and a better life for its people through its own development. China naturally develops and becomes stronger, but does not want to threaten, challenge or replace any other country in the process, nor will it seek hegemony. China’s future is in its own hands. It is the Chinese people who decide their own destiny. No one can deprive the Chinese people of their right to pursue a better life. No one can stop China from moving forward.
中國(guó)堅(jiān)定不移走和平發(fā)展道路，也希望世界各國(guó)共同走和平發(fā)展道路。只有各國(guó)都走和平發(fā)展道路，各國(guó)才能共同發(fā)展，國(guó)與國(guó)才能和平相處。中國(guó)決不會(huì)以犧牲別人利益為代價(jià)發(fā)展自己，也決不放棄自己的正當(dāng)權(quán)益。任何國(guó)家不要指望中國(guó)會(huì)拿自己的核心利益做交易，任何人不要指望中國(guó)會(huì)吞下?lián)p害國(guó)家主權(quán)、安全、發(fā)展利益的苦果。
China is firmly committed to peaceful development and hopes that all countries in the world will do likewise. Only when countries take peaceful development paths can we develop and live peacefully together. China will never develop itself at the expense of others, nor will it give up its legitimate rights and interests. No foreign country should expect China to trade its core interests or to accept anything that is damaging to China’s own sovereignty, security and development interests.
三、建設(shè)繁榮美好世界是各國(guó)人民的共同夢(mèng)想
III. A Prosperous and Beautiful World Is the Common Aspiration of All Peoples
當(dāng)今世界，和平與發(fā)展仍然是時(shí)代主題，但面臨許多新問(wèn)題新挑戰(zhàn)，特別是單邊主義、保護(hù)主義、霸權(quán)主義、強(qiáng)權(quán)政治成為影響世界和平穩(wěn)定的突出因素。建設(shè)持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁榮、開(kāi)放包容、清潔美麗的世界，讓人民過(guò)上安寧富足的生活，是各國(guó)人民孜孜以求的共同夢(mèng)想。
Peace and development remain the underlying themes of our times. However, the world is facing many new problems and challenges. Unilateralism, protectionism, hegemonism, and power politics are some of the major factors affecting world peace and stability. It is a common aspiration of the peoples of all countries to build an open, inclusive, clean, and beautiful world that enjoys lasting peace, universal security, and common prosperity, and where everyone lives in peace and plenty.
（一）當(dāng)今世界正處于百年未有之大變局
1. The world is undergoing the greatest changes in a century
最近100多年來(lái)，人類經(jīng)歷了血腥的熱戰(zhàn)、冰冷的冷戰(zhàn)，也取得了驚人的發(fā)展、巨大的進(jìn)步。21世紀(jì)以來(lái)，隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化深入發(fā)展，國(guó)際政治經(jīng)濟(jì)格局加速演變，全球發(fā)展深層次矛盾日益突出，國(guó)際力量對(duì)比日趨均衡，國(guó)際秩序和全球治理體系變革更加深入，世界進(jìn)入大發(fā)展大變革大調(diào)整的新時(shí)期，處于百年未有之大變局。
Humanity has made remarkable progress over the past century despite many bloody wars and the Cold War. The 21st century has witnessed growing economic globalization and a rapidly changing international political and economic landscape. Deep-seated problems in global development have become increasingly prominent. The international structures of power have been moving towards balance. The international order and global governance system have experienced further changes. All this shows that the world is in an era of major development, transformation and adjustment, and is undergoing the greatest changes in a century.
大變局催生新的機(jī)遇。百年未有之大變局的最大變化，就是以中國(guó)為代表的新興市場(chǎng)國(guó)家和發(fā)展中國(guó)家群體性崛起，從根本上改變了國(guó)際力量對(duì)比。工業(yè)革命以來(lái)，西方世界在國(guó)際政治經(jīng)濟(jì)格局中長(zhǎng)期占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位。近幾十年來(lái)，新興市場(chǎng)國(guó)家和發(fā)展中國(guó)家緊緊抓住經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化歷史機(jī)遇，實(shí)現(xiàn)了快速發(fā)展。國(guó)際貨幣基金組織最新數(shù)據(jù)顯示，按購(gòu)買(mǎi)力平價(jià)計(jì)算，新興市場(chǎng)國(guó)家和發(fā)展中國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)總量2008年已經(jīng)超過(guò)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，到2018年占世界經(jīng)濟(jì)比重達(dá)到59%（圖2）。當(dāng)今世界，多極化加速發(fā)展，現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展模式更趨多元，國(guó)際治理體系向協(xié)同共治轉(zhuǎn)變，任何國(guó)家或者國(guó)家集團(tuán)都再也無(wú)法單獨(dú)主宰世界事務(wù)，求穩(wěn)定、盼和平、謀發(fā)展成為國(guó)際社會(huì)普遍訴求?？茖W(xué)技術(shù)是引領(lǐng)大變局的革命性力量?，F(xiàn)在，新一輪科技革命和產(chǎn)業(yè)變革深入發(fā)展，新一代信息技術(shù)廣泛應(yīng)用，大量催生新技術(shù)新產(chǎn)業(yè)新業(yè)態(tài)新模式，人類社會(huì)處于生產(chǎn)力大發(fā)展大躍升的前夜。
Change brings opportunities. One of the most notable changes is that the rise of China and other emerging market and developing countries is fundamentally altering the international structures of power. International politics and the economic system have been dominated by Western powers since the First Industrial Revolution. In more recent decades, emerging market and developing countries have realized rapid growth by seizing the historic opportunities presented by economic globalization. According to the latest data released by the IMF, the share of emerging market and developing economies in global output, measured by purchasing power parity, first surpassed that of advanced economies in 2008, and rose to 59% in 2018 (see Figure 2).
The world is moving rapidly towards multipolarity, diverse modern development models, and collaboration in global governance. It is now impossible for one single country or bloc of countries to exercise dominance in world affairs. Stability, peace and development have become the common aspirations of the international community. Science and technology is a leading force driving major changes. Advances in the new technological revolution and industrial transformation, and the widespread use of new-generation information technology, have generated new tools, industries, and forms of business, moving our productivity to a higher level.
大變局充滿風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和挑戰(zhàn)。大變局深刻復(fù)雜、變亂交織，各種新舊因素、力量、矛盾相互疊加碰撞，大國(guó)關(guān)系、國(guó)際秩序、地區(qū)安全、社會(huì)思潮、全球治理深刻重塑，國(guó)際局勢(shì)不穩(wěn)定性不確定性日益突出，治理赤字、信任赤字、和平赤字、發(fā)展赤字越來(lái)越大，世界面臨重新陷入分裂甚至對(duì)抗的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。全球經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)動(dòng)能不足、增速放緩，資本過(guò)度逐利導(dǎo)致貧富分化持續(xù)加大，貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義愈演愈烈，全球公共和私人債務(wù)高企，部分新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體出現(xiàn)較大金融動(dòng)蕩，全球經(jīng)濟(jì)下行壓力增大（專欄11）。國(guó)際安全形勢(shì)嚴(yán)峻復(fù)雜，國(guó)際戰(zhàn)略競(jìng)爭(zhēng)日趨激烈，地區(qū)安全局勢(shì)持續(xù)緊張，大規(guī)模殺傷性武器擴(kuò)散、恐怖主義、網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊、氣候變化、生物安全、有組織犯罪、重大傳染性疾病等傳統(tǒng)和非傳統(tǒng)安全問(wèn)題相互聯(lián)動(dòng)，嚴(yán)重威脅全球和地區(qū)安全。圍堵遏制、對(duì)抗威脅的冷戰(zhàn)思維沉渣泛起，霸權(quán)主義、強(qiáng)權(quán)政治甚囂塵上，叢林法則、零和博弈找到新的土壤，嚴(yán)重侵蝕動(dòng)搖戰(zhàn)后國(guó)際秩序基礎(chǔ)。一些西方國(guó)家治理陷入困境，民粹主義泛濫，逆全球化加劇。國(guó)際軍控和裁軍遭遇挫折，軍備競(jìng)賽趨勢(shì)顯現(xiàn)，戰(zhàn)略平衡與穩(wěn)定受到破壞，一些地區(qū)熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題矛盾持續(xù)激化、對(duì)抗不斷升級(jí)，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)幽靈若隱若現(xiàn)。信息化智能化迅猛發(fā)展，對(duì)人類生命的存在形式、活動(dòng)方式、倫理道德等提出了不可忽視的挑戰(zhàn)。
Change brings risks and challenges. The profoundly evolving international landscape involves complex and intertwined changes, and the interaction of old and new factors, forces, and problems. It also means greatly reshaping the relations between major countries, the international order, regional security, the trends of thought, and the global governance system. Factors of instability and uncertainty are increasing. Deficits in governance, trust, peace and development are growing. The world is facing the danger of a relapse into fragmentation and even confrontation.
The world economy is slowing down for lack of impetus, and the gap between the rich and poor is widening as a consequence of capital’s excessive pursuit of profit. Trade protectionism is on the rise. Global public and private debt is rising steeply. Some emerging economies have encountered major financial turbulence. The world economy is facing mounting downward pressure (see Box 11).
The world is facing grave and complex security challenges. As strategic competition becomes more acute, the regional security situation remains tense. Global and regional security faces the combined effect of traditional and nontraditional threats, such as the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, terrorism, cyberattacks, climate change, biohazards, organized crime, and major communicable diseases. The Cold War mentality of encirclement, constraint, confrontation and threat is resurfacing. Hegemonism and power politics are surging. The law of the jungle and zero-sum games have found new soil in which to breed. These challenges are grievously undermining the post-World War II international order. Some Western countries are facing serious difficulties in governance, populism is widespread, and attacks on globalization are intensifying. With a looming arms race, international arms control and disarmament have suffered setbacks. Damage to global strategic balance and stability and the escalation of some regional issues and conflicts have increased the chances of war. The breathtaking development of information technology and artificial intelligence creates ethical problems and poses visible threats to human lifestyles and even existence.
面對(duì)百年未有之大變局，人類又一次站在了何去何從的十字路口。面對(duì)困難和挑戰(zhàn)，希望和信心尤為重要。世界不確定性不穩(wěn)定性日益增多，但求和平、謀發(fā)展的時(shí)代潮流不會(huì)改變；國(guó)際格局深刻演變，但世界多極化的趨勢(shì)不會(huì)改變；自由貿(mào)易和多邊主義遭遇逆流，但經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化大勢(shì)不會(huì)改變；國(guó)際秩序之爭(zhēng)激烈復(fù)雜，但國(guó)際體系變革的方向不會(huì)改變。緊緊抓住并用好大變局帶來(lái)的歷史機(jī)遇，團(tuán)結(jié)起來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)好各種危機(jī)和挑戰(zhàn)，人類社會(huì)就能實(shí)現(xiàn)新的發(fā)展和躍升，以嶄新姿態(tài)進(jìn)入下一個(gè)百年。
These profound changes have brought humanity to a crossroads. Hope and confidence are key to resolving difficulties and challenges. The global trend towards peace and development will remain unchanged despite growing uncertainties and instabilities. The global trend towards multipolarity will remain unchanged despite tremendous changes in the international landscape. The trend towards economic globalization will remain unchanged despite setbacks to free trade and multilateralism. Reform of the international system will not change its course despite the increasing intensity and complexity of the contest over the international order. Through making the best use of the historic opportunities presented by the transformation and working together to cope with crises and challenges, humanity can achieve further progress in the century to come.
（二）構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體
2. Building a global community of shared future
世界怎么了？人類怎么辦？面對(duì)百年未有之大變局，面對(duì)當(dāng)前治理難題和發(fā)展困境，人類社會(huì)迫切需要建立新的發(fā)展觀，構(gòu)建更加公正合理的國(guó)際體系和國(guó)際秩序，開(kāi)辟人類社會(huì)更加美好的發(fā)展前景。中國(guó)提出構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體，著眼解決當(dāng)今世界面臨的現(xiàn)實(shí)問(wèn)題、實(shí)現(xiàn)人類社會(huì)和平永續(xù)發(fā)展，以天下大同為目標(biāo)，秉持合作共贏理念，摒棄叢林法則，不搞強(qiáng)權(quán)獨(dú)霸，超越零和博弈，開(kāi)辟出合作共贏、共建共享的發(fā)展新道路，為人類發(fā)展提供了新的選擇。
What is happening to the world? What should humanity do? Confronted with unprecedented global change and governance and development challenges, humanity urgently needs to establish new approaches to development, build a fairer and more equitable international system and order, and open up brighter prospects for the future. China’s proposal to build a global community of shared future aims to solve the practical issues facing the world today and realize the peaceful and sustainable development of humanity. The proposal pursues the goal of universal harmony and the principles of cooperation and mutual benefit, while opposing the law of the jungle, power politics and hegemonism. It looks beyond zero-sum games to the idea of blazing a new path of development based on win-win cooperation, joint contribution and shared benefits, offering a new option to the international community.
構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體思想，內(nèi)涵豐富，體系完整。政治上，倡導(dǎo)相互尊重、平等協(xié)商，堅(jiān)決摒棄冷戰(zhàn)思維和強(qiáng)權(quán)政治，走對(duì)話而不對(duì)抗、結(jié)伴而不結(jié)盟的國(guó)與國(guó)交往新路；安全上，倡導(dǎo)堅(jiān)持以對(duì)話解決爭(zhēng)端、以協(xié)商化解分歧，統(tǒng)籌應(yīng)對(duì)傳統(tǒng)和非傳統(tǒng)安全威脅，反對(duì)一切形式的恐怖主義；經(jīng)濟(jì)上，倡導(dǎo)同舟共濟(jì)，促進(jìn)貿(mào)易和投資自由化便利化，推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化朝著更加開(kāi)放、包容、普惠、平衡、共贏的方向發(fā)展；文化上，倡導(dǎo)尊重世界文明多樣性，以文明交流超越文明隔閡、文明互鑒超越文明沖突、文明共存超越文明優(yōu)越；生態(tài)上，倡導(dǎo)堅(jiān)持環(huán)境友好，合作應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化，保護(hù)好人類賴以生存的地球家園。
Building a global community of shared future is a well-rounded, systematic proposal. Politically, it advocates mutual respect and consultation on an equal footing, opposes the Cold War mentality and power politics, and embraces a new approach to state-to-state relations, one that features dialogue rather than confrontation and seeks partnerships rather than alliances.
In terms of security, the proposal calls for settling disputes through dialogue and resolving differences through consultation, coordinating responses to traditional and nontraditional threats, and opposing terrorism in all its forms. In the economic sphere, the proposal calls for a spirit of partnership in liberalizing and facilitating trade and investment, and making economic globalization more open, inclusive, balanced and beneficial to all.
The proposal respects cultural diversity and approaches cross-cultural communication by replacing estrangement with exchange, clashes with mutual learning, and a sense of superiority with coexistence. The proposal emphasizes eco-friendliness, cooperation in tackling climate change, and the protection of our planet, the home for all humanity.
構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體思想，汲取中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化精髓，繼承人類社會(huì)發(fā)展優(yōu)秀成果，揭示了世界各國(guó)相互依存和人類命運(yùn)緊密相聯(lián)的客觀規(guī)律，反映了中外優(yōu)秀文化和全人類共同價(jià)值追求，找到了人類共建美好世界的最大公約數(shù)。推動(dòng)構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體，不是倡導(dǎo)每個(gè)國(guó)家必須遵循統(tǒng)一的價(jià)值標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，不是推進(jìn)一種或少數(shù)文明的單方主張，也不是謀求在全球范圍內(nèi)建設(shè)統(tǒng)一的行為體，更不是一種制度替代另一種制度、一種文明替代另一種文明，而是主張不同社會(huì)制度、不同意識(shí)形態(tài)、不同歷史文明、不同發(fā)展水平的國(guó)家，在國(guó)際活動(dòng)中目標(biāo)一致、利益共生、權(quán)利共享、責(zé)任共擔(dān)，從而促進(jìn)人類社會(huì)整體發(fā)展。
The idea of building a global community of shared future draws from the essence of traditional Chinese culture and the achievements of human society, and reflects the interdependence among all countries and the close interconnection of all humanity. The idea demonstrates the values shared by Chinese and other cultures and by all humanity, and the greatest common ground for building a better world. Building a community of shared future does not mean conformity to the same values by all countries or the implementation of unilateral proposals pushed by one country or a small minority of countries, nor does it mean the establishment of a single unitary actor around the globe, or the replacement of one system or culture by another. Rather, it calls for countries with different social systems, ideologies, histories, cultures, and levels of development to align their goals and interests, enjoy equal rights, and share all responsibilities in international activities for the progress of humanity as a whole.
構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體，是一項(xiàng)充滿艱辛和曲折的事業(yè)，但是，用進(jìn)步代替落后、用福祉消除災(zāi)禍、用文明化解野蠻是歷史大趨勢(shì)，是人類文明進(jìn)步的道義所在。世界各國(guó)應(yīng)團(tuán)結(jié)起來(lái)，凝聚起不同民族、不同信仰、不同文化、不同地域人民的共識(shí)，共同推動(dòng)構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體，把世界各國(guó)人民對(duì)美好生活的向往變成現(xiàn)實(shí)。
The path to a global community of shared future is arduous and tortuous. However, it is the trend of history and the goal of human civilization to replace backwardness with progress, misfortune with happiness, and barbarity with civility. All countries should reach consensus that transcends ethnicity, beliefs, culture, and location, and work together to build a community of shared future and actualize the aspiration of all peoples for a better life.
（三）構(gòu)建新型國(guó)際關(guān)系
3. Building a new model of international relations
沖突對(duì)抗沒(méi)有贏家，和平合作沒(méi)有輸家。國(guó)家和，則世界安；國(guó)家斗，則世界亂。歷史上追逐霸權(quán)、結(jié)盟對(duì)抗、以大欺小的國(guó)際關(guān)系，為世界帶來(lái)混亂甚至戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。當(dāng)今世界不僅面臨發(fā)展困境，還面臨深刻的規(guī)則危機(jī)、信任危機(jī)、秩序危機(jī)。一些在長(zhǎng)期國(guó)際實(shí)踐中形成且被各國(guó)普遍認(rèn)同和遵守的規(guī)則規(guī)范和道德觀念被拋棄和踐踏，一些事關(guān)戰(zhàn)略穩(wěn)定和全球福祉的國(guó)際條約和協(xié)定得不到履行甚至被撕毀和破壞。個(gè)別國(guó)家漠視國(guó)際公理，公然侵犯他國(guó)主權(quán)、干涉他國(guó)內(nèi)政，動(dòng)輒以大欺小、恃強(qiáng)凌弱。面對(duì)國(guó)際局勢(shì)的動(dòng)蕩不安，各國(guó)應(yīng)遵守規(guī)則、增進(jìn)信任、維護(hù)秩序，構(gòu)建新型國(guó)際關(guān)系，走對(duì)話不對(duì)抗、結(jié)伴不結(jié)盟的國(guó)與國(guó)交往新路，使地球村成為共謀發(fā)展的大舞臺(tái)，而不是相互角力的競(jìng)技場(chǎng)。
Peace and cooperation benefit all while conflict and confrontation benefit none. Harmony among all countries brings universal peace while confrontation causes chaos. History shows that the pursuit of hegemony, alliance and confrontation and the abuse of power in international relations will induce chaos or even war.
In addition to development issues, the world is beset by serious crises of trust and threats to the international rules and order. Some long-standing international norms and ethics that have been widely recognized and observed are now abandoned and betrayed. Some international treaties and agreements with a bearing on global stability and wellbeing are ignored, torn up or damaged. In defiance of international truth certain countries overtly infringe the sovereignty and interfere in the domestic affairs of other countries, and abuse the small and weak.
Amid international volatility, all countries should observe the rules, enhance trust, and maintain order while building a new model of international relations. We should embrace a new approach to state-to-state relations, one that features dialogue rather than confrontation and seeks partnerships rather than alliances. Our global village should become a stage for common development rather than an arena for fights.
構(gòu)建新型國(guó)際關(guān)系，應(yīng)秉持相互尊重、公平正義、合作共贏原則。相互尊重，就是堅(jiān)持國(guó)家不分大小、強(qiáng)弱、貧富一律平等，各國(guó)應(yīng)尊重彼此的政治制度，尊重彼此自主選擇發(fā)展道路的權(quán)利，尊重彼此利益關(guān)切，反對(duì)干涉別國(guó)內(nèi)政，反對(duì)強(qiáng)權(quán)政治和霸凌主義。公平正義，就是各國(guó)應(yīng)摒棄單純的物質(zhì)主義取向和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)至上法則，確保資源稟賦和發(fā)展水平不同的國(guó)家能夠獲得平等的發(fā)展權(quán)利和機(jī)會(huì)，縮小彼此發(fā)展差距；國(guó)家間交往應(yīng)遵循義利相兼、以義為先的義利觀，實(shí)現(xiàn)自身獲益與國(guó)際貢獻(xiàn)的有機(jī)統(tǒng)一。合作共贏，就是各國(guó)應(yīng)摒棄一味謀求自身更大相對(duì)利益的理念，糾正“贏者通吃”的過(guò)時(shí)做法，堅(jiān)持以雙贏、多贏、共贏為目標(biāo)，在追求本國(guó)利益時(shí)兼顧各國(guó)合理關(guān)切，在謀求本國(guó)發(fā)展時(shí)促進(jìn)各國(guó)共同發(fā)展，在維護(hù)本國(guó)安全時(shí)尊重各國(guó)安全，變壓力為動(dòng)力、化危機(jī)為機(jī)遇、化沖突為合作。
A new model of international relations should be built on the principles of mutual respect, equity and justice, and mutually beneficial cooperation. Mutual respect is based on equality among all countries, big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor. Each country should respect other countries’ political systems, their right to choose their own development paths, and their interests and concerns. All should oppose power politics, hegemony, and interference in other countries’ domestic affairs.
In upholding equity and justice, we need to discard extreme materialism and excessive competition, and ensure that countries with different reserves of resources and levels of development have equal right and equal access to opportunities so as to narrow the gap in development. State-to-state relations should uphold the greater good and pursue shared interests, with priority given to the former, properly balancing their national interests and their contribution to the international community.
Mutually beneficial cooperation pursues win-win results rather than the maximization of self-interest, and discards the outdated practice of “winner takes all”. Countries should address the legitimate concerns of other countries while pursuing their own interests, promote common development with their own development, and respect the security of other countries while safeguarding their own security. We should turn pressure into impetus, crises into opportunities, and conflict into cooperation.
大國(guó)是維護(hù)世界和平穩(wěn)定的重要力量，是構(gòu)建新型國(guó)際關(guān)系的關(guān)鍵因素。大國(guó)要有大國(guó)的樣子，大國(guó)要有大國(guó)的擔(dān)當(dāng)。大國(guó)之大，不在于體量大、塊頭大、拳頭大，而在于胸襟大、格局大、擔(dān)當(dāng)大。大國(guó)要以人類前途命運(yùn)為要，對(duì)世界和平與發(fā)展擔(dān)負(fù)更大責(zé)任，而不是依仗實(shí)力對(duì)地區(qū)和國(guó)際事務(wù)謀求壟斷。在人類社會(huì)發(fā)展進(jìn)程中，成功的大國(guó)戰(zhàn)略必然是順應(yīng)時(shí)代潮流和世界發(fā)展大勢(shì)，能夠?yàn)槠渌麌?guó)家和人民所認(rèn)同。大國(guó)之間相互尊重、合作共贏，才能推動(dòng)人類社會(huì)不斷進(jìn)步。大國(guó)要加強(qiáng)協(xié)調(diào)和合作，構(gòu)建總體穩(wěn)定、均衡發(fā)展的大國(guó)關(guān)系框架，當(dāng)好世界和平與穩(wěn)定的壓艙石。大國(guó)之間要尊重彼此核心利益和重大關(guān)切，堅(jiān)持換位思考和相互理解，通過(guò)溝通和協(xié)商以建設(shè)性方式處理矛盾和分歧。大國(guó)對(duì)小國(guó)要平等相待，不搞唯我獨(dú)尊、強(qiáng)買(mǎi)強(qiáng)賣(mài)的霸道。任何國(guó)家都不能隨意發(fā)動(dòng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，不能破壞國(guó)際法治，不能打開(kāi)潘多拉盒子，出現(xiàn)矛盾和問(wèn)題，要通過(guò)平等協(xié)商處理，以最大誠(chéng)意和耐心，堅(jiān)持對(duì)話解決。
Major countries are an important force for safeguarding world peace and stability, and key actors in building a new model of international relations. Major countries should fulfill their responsibilities commensurate with their status. The international status of a country is measured by its openness of mind, breadth of vision, and sense of responsibility rather than its size, strength or power. Major countries should direct their primary efforts to the future of humanity and assume greater responsibilities for world peace and development, rather than wielding their power to seek hegemony in international and regional affairs. The course of human history shows that for the strategies of major countries to be successful they must follow the trends of the times and win wide recognition from other countries and peoples.
Only through cooperation based on mutual respect and mutual benefit can major countries sustain human progress. Coordination and cooperation should be strengthened to build a stable and balanced framework of relations among major countries, which underpins world peace and stability. Major countries should respect each other’s core interests and major concerns, build deeper mutual understanding, and settle differences and disputes through constructive communication and consultation.
Big countries should treat small ones as equals rather than acting as hegemons imposing their will on others. No country should create havoc by launching ill-considered and arbitrary wars or undermining the international rule of law. Disputes and problems should be settled through dialogue and consultation on an equal footing and with the maximum sincerity and patience.
（四）推動(dòng)新型經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化
4. Promoting a new model of economic globalization
經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化是世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的必然趨勢(shì)，契合各國(guó)人民要發(fā)展、要合作的時(shí)代潮流。歷史上的經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化，促成了貿(mào)易大繁榮、投資大便利、人員大流動(dòng)、技術(shù)大發(fā)展，各國(guó)人民從中受益，為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展作出了重要貢獻(xiàn)，同時(shí)也積存了不少問(wèn)題和弊端，經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化出現(xiàn)“回頭浪”。目前經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化模式，難以反映廣大發(fā)展中國(guó)家呼聲、體現(xiàn)廣大發(fā)展中國(guó)家利益；“弱肉強(qiáng)食”的叢林法則和“你輸我贏”“贏者通吃”的零和博弈，造成富者愈富、貧者愈貧，發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家與發(fā)展中國(guó)家以及發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家內(nèi)部的貧富差距越拉越大（專欄12）；個(gè)別國(guó)家把內(nèi)部治理問(wèn)題歸咎于經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化，歸咎于其他國(guó)家，動(dòng)輒采取單邊主義、保護(hù)主義、霸凌主義，破壞全球價(jià)值鏈、供應(yīng)鏈、消費(fèi)鏈，導(dǎo)致現(xiàn)有國(guó)際貿(mào)易秩序紊亂甚至沖突，使全球經(jīng)濟(jì)落入“衰退陷阱”。
Economic globalization is an irreversible consequence of global economic development. It conforms to the trend of the times towards development and cooperation. Economic globalization has greatly facilitated trade, investment, flows of people, and technological advances, and benefitted the peoples of all countries, making an important contribution to world economic development. However, it has also caused a number of problems and encountered some setbacks. The current model of economic globalization cannot reflect the voices or represent the interests of developing countries. The law of the jungle and zero-sum games featuring the practice of “winner-takes-all” have exacerbated the divide between the rich and poor, as evidenced by the widening gap between developed and developing countries, and the gap between the rich and poor within developed countries (see Box 12).
經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化出現(xiàn)一些問(wèn)題并不可怕，不能因噎廢食，動(dòng)輒“退群”“脫鉤”“筑墻”，改革完善才有出路，必須在前進(jìn)中解決問(wèn)題。各國(guó)應(yīng)攜起手來(lái)，總結(jié)歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)與教訓(xùn)，加強(qiáng)協(xié)調(diào)、完善治理，推動(dòng)開(kāi)放、包容、普惠、平衡、共贏的新型經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化。新型經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化，應(yīng)由世界上各個(gè)國(guó)家共同參與、共同主導(dǎo)；應(yīng)繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持和維護(hù)已經(jīng)被實(shí)踐充分證明是正確有效的貿(mào)易自由化、多邊貿(mào)易體制等規(guī)則體制，并不斷創(chuàng)新、完善和發(fā)展；應(yīng)消除霸權(quán)主義與強(qiáng)權(quán)政治、叢林法則與零和博弈，秉持共商共建共享理念，真正實(shí)現(xiàn)民主、平等、公正、合理；應(yīng)有利于建設(shè)開(kāi)放型世界經(jīng)濟(jì)，有利于促進(jìn)世界和平穩(wěn)定，實(shí)現(xiàn)共同發(fā)展、共同繁榮、共同富裕。
Some countries have ascribed domestic governance problems to economic globalization or other countries, and resorted to unilateral, protectionist, and hegemonic actions. This approach has damaged the global value, supply and consumption chains, and caused turbulence and conflict in the current international trade order, driving the world economy towards the “recession trap”.
We should not be intimidated by the problems encountered by economic globalization. Withdrawing from international organizations and treaties, decoupling foreign trade relations, and building border walls lead us nowhere. Our problems can only be solved through a process of reform and self-improvement. All countries should join forces to draw lessons from history, strengthen coordination, enhance governance, and make economic globalization more open, inclusive, balanced and beneficial to all.
A new model of economic globalization should be developed and shaped by all countries. It should make innovations and improvements based on those rules and institutions that have proven effective in practice, such as trade liberalization and multilateral trade. It should eliminate hegemonism, power politics, the law of the jungle, and zero-sum games, uphold the principles of extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits, and realize democracy, equality, fairness and equity. It should help to build an open world economy, promote world peace and stability, and bring common development and prosperity.
當(dāng)前正在發(fā)生的第四次科技革命，將對(duì)新一輪經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化和人類社會(huì)發(fā)展產(chǎn)生難以估量的深刻影響，既帶來(lái)前所未有的發(fā)展機(jī)遇，也帶來(lái)新的嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)。各國(guó)應(yīng)立即行動(dòng)起來(lái)，以全人類命運(yùn)與共的視野和遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)，共同構(gòu)建新的全球治理架構(gòu)。要探索建立相關(guān)規(guī)則和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，既有利于科學(xué)技術(shù)的創(chuàng)新發(fā)展，又堅(jiān)守人類安全底線。要平衡照顧各國(guó)特別是發(fā)展中國(guó)家利益，不能僅以發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家、個(gè)別國(guó)家的安全、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求全世界。要尊重各國(guó)主權(quán)，不搞技術(shù)霸權(quán)、不干涉他國(guó)內(nèi)政，不從事、不縱容、不保護(hù)危害他國(guó)安全的技術(shù)活動(dòng)。要堅(jiān)持多邊主義，在相互尊重、相互信任的基礎(chǔ)上，廣泛開(kāi)展對(duì)話合作，構(gòu)建和平安全、民主透明、包容普惠的技術(shù)規(guī)則體系和國(guó)際合作新框架。要維護(hù)社會(huì)公平正義，確保技術(shù)創(chuàng)新在法治軌道和公認(rèn)的國(guó)際準(zhǔn)則基礎(chǔ)上運(yùn)行，由人類主導(dǎo)、為人類服務(wù)、符合人類價(jià)值觀。
The ongoing fourth technological revolution will have immeasurable impact on a new wave of economic globalization and on the development of human society, bringing unprecedented opportunities for development as well as serious challenges. All countries should join together and take prompt action in building a new framework for global governance with the vision of a global community of shared future. We need to establish relevant rules and standards that facilitate technological innovation and development while ensuring the bottom line of human security. We should accommodate the interests of all countries and in particular those of the developing countries. It is unfair to apply the standards and security rules of developed countries or individual countries to all the other countries. It is essential to respect the sovereignty of every country. No country should seek technological hegemony, interfere in the domestic affairs of other countries, or engage in, connive in, or shield technological activities that undermine other countries’ security. Based on multilateralism, mutual respect and mutual trust, all countries should conduct extensive dialogue and cooperation, and build a system of technological rules and a framework for international cooperation that ensure peace, security, democracy, transparency, inclusiveness and benefits for all. It is necessary for all countries to uphold social equity and justice, place technological innovation under the rule of law and internationally recognized norms, and ensure that innovation is by the people, for the people, and consistent with human values.
（五）維護(hù)以聯(lián)合國(guó)為核心的國(guó)際體系
5. Upholding the international system with the UN at its core
以《聯(lián)合國(guó)憲章》宗旨和原則為核心的國(guó)際秩序，符合絕大多數(shù)國(guó)家利益，促進(jìn)了世界和平與發(fā)展。為謀求一己之私，粗暴踐踏國(guó)際法和國(guó)際關(guān)系基本準(zhǔn)則，將會(huì)把世界推入混亂無(wú)序甚至對(duì)抗沖突的危險(xiǎn)境地。權(quán)力如果橫行霸道，正義就會(huì)消磨殆盡。國(guó)際社會(huì)應(yīng)堅(jiān)定地團(tuán)結(jié)起來(lái)，堅(jiān)決推進(jìn)國(guó)際關(guān)系民主化，堅(jiān)決維護(hù)人類賴以生存和發(fā)展的道德和法治規(guī)范，堅(jiān)決維護(hù)國(guó)際公平和正義。
The international order underpinned by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter has accommodated the interests of the majority of countries and promoted world peace and development. Blatant violations of international law and the basic norms of international relations in pursuit of self-interest will plunge the world into a precarious situation characterized by chaos, confrontation and conflict. Hegemony will put justice in peril. The international community should work resolutely together to develop democratic international relations, safeguard the ethical and legal norms that are vital to human survival and development, and uphold international equity and justice.
聯(lián)合國(guó)在當(dāng)代全球治理體系中處于核心地位?！堵?lián)合國(guó)憲章》是維護(hù)國(guó)際體系穩(wěn)定、規(guī)范國(guó)家間行為的重要基石。當(dāng)今世界發(fā)生的各種對(duì)抗和不公，不是因?yàn)椤堵?lián)合國(guó)憲章》宗旨和原則過(guò)時(shí)了，恰恰是由于這些宗旨和原則未能得到有效履行。維護(hù)聯(lián)合國(guó)的權(quán)威與作用，就是維護(hù)國(guó)際社會(huì)共同利益和各國(guó)合法利益，就是維護(hù)全人類的美好未來(lái)。各國(guó)要堅(jiān)定維護(hù)以聯(lián)合國(guó)為核心的國(guó)際體系，堅(jiān)定維護(hù)以《聯(lián)合國(guó)憲章》宗旨和原則為基石的國(guó)際法和國(guó)際關(guān)系基本準(zhǔn)則，堅(jiān)定維護(hù)聯(lián)合國(guó)在國(guó)際事務(wù)中的核心作用。
The UN is at the core of the global governance system. The UN Charter is the fundamental cornerstone for maintaining stability of the international system and regulating relations among countries. The world is experiencing confrontation and injustice in many different forms, not because the purposes and principles of the UN Charter are outdated, but because they have not been effectively fulfilled. Upholding the authority and role of the UN is key to protecting the common interests of the international community and the legitimate interests of individual countries, and to shaping a bright future for humanity. Therefore, all countries should uphold the international system centered on the UN, international law and the basic norms of international relations underpinned by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, and the central role of the UN in international affairs.
以世界貿(mào)易組織為核心的多邊貿(mào)易體制是國(guó)際貿(mào)易的基石，為推動(dòng)全球貿(mào)易發(fā)展、建設(shè)開(kāi)放型世界經(jīng)濟(jì)、增進(jìn)各國(guó)人民福祉發(fā)揮了中流砥柱作用。采取單邊主義、保護(hù)主義的貿(mào)易政策，不符合市場(chǎng)規(guī)律，不符合國(guó)際規(guī)則，與世界貿(mào)易組織基本原則背道而馳，導(dǎo)致國(guó)際貿(mào)易萎縮，甚至可能引發(fā)全球性經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)。各國(guó)應(yīng)攜起手來(lái)，堅(jiān)定支持多邊主義，旗幟鮮明地反對(duì)單邊主義、保護(hù)主義，捍衛(wèi)世界貿(mào)易組織核心地位和基本原則，維護(hù)自由、開(kāi)放、非歧視的多邊貿(mào)易體制，維護(hù)發(fā)展中成員合法權(quán)益和發(fā)展空間，建設(shè)開(kāi)放型世界經(jīng)濟(jì)。
The multilateral trading system with the WTO at its core is the cornerstone of international trade. It has played a crucial role in promoting global trade, building an open world economy, and improving the wellbeing of the peoples of all countries. Unilateral and protectionist trade policies, which run counter to the laws of the market, international rules, and the basic principles of the WTO, will lead to shrinking global trade and may even trigger global economic crises. All countries should join together in support of multilateralism while firmly opposing unilateralism and protectionism. In building an open world economy, we should safeguard the WTO’s core role and basic principles and the multilateral trading system characterized by free trade, openness and non-discrimination, and protect the legitimate rights and development space of developing member states.
《巴黎氣候變化協(xié)定》《核安全公約》《不擴(kuò)散核武器條約》等國(guó)際公約，基于各方共識(shí)形成，符合世界各國(guó)利益，各締約方都應(yīng)嚴(yán)格履行，不能合則用、不合則棄。隨意“退群”“退約”，既違反契約精神，也違背國(guó)際道義。遵守規(guī)則必須是公平的、雙向的，不能采取“實(shí)用主義”“雙重標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”，只要求別人，不要求自己。
The Paris Agreement on climate change, the Convention on Nuclear Safety, the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, and other international treaties and agreements are based on the consensus of all parties and in accord with the interests of all countries. All signatories have the obligation to fulfill their commitments fully rather than selectively. Willful withdrawal from international organizations and treaties goes against the spirit of contract and international ethics. The rules should be observed in fairness and be mutually binding, and must not be compromised by “pragmatism” and double standards.
（六）推動(dòng)文明交流互鑒
6. Promoting exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations
文明是人類社會(huì)的基本標(biāo)志，多樣性是人類文明的基本特征，交流互鑒是人類文明發(fā)展的基本要求。幾千年的人類社會(huì)發(fā)展史，就是人類文明發(fā)展史、交流史。世界是在人類各種文明的交流交融中走到今天的。人類社會(huì)越發(fā)展，越要加強(qiáng)文明交流互鑒，增進(jìn)相互了解，促進(jìn)民心相通。應(yīng)對(duì)日益突出的全球性挑戰(zhàn)，邁向人類更加美好的未來(lái)，既需要經(jīng)濟(jì)科技力量，也需要文化文明力量。
Civilization is an essential attribute of human society. Diversity is a primary characteristic of human civilization. Exchanges and mutual learning have been a basic driving force for progress in civilizations throughout the history of humanity for thousands of years. The world has become what it is today through communication and fusion among different civilizations. Further human development entails stronger exchanges and mutual learning among cultures and deeper mutual understanding among the peoples of different countries and closer people-to-people ties. Cultural progress is just as important as economic and technological development in addressing the increasingly pressing challenges we face and in moving humanity towards a better future.
秉持平等、多樣、包容、開(kāi)放的文明觀。文明是多彩的，一個(gè)國(guó)家和民族的文明是一個(gè)國(guó)家和民族的集體記憶，不論是中華文明，還是世界上存在的其他文明，都是人類文明創(chuàng)造的成果。文明是平等的，世界上不存在十全十美的文明，也不存在一無(wú)是處的文明，文明沒(méi)有高低優(yōu)劣之分。文明是包容的，人類創(chuàng)造的文明都是勞動(dòng)和智慧的結(jié)晶，一切文明成果都值得尊重，一切文明成果都要珍惜。認(rèn)為自己的人種和文明高人一等，執(zhí)意改造甚至取代其他文明，人為地制造文明沖突，在認(rèn)識(shí)上是愚蠢的，在做法上是災(zāi)難性的，只能加劇文明間的隔閡，使世界陷入分裂與對(duì)抗。
Human civilization should be open and inclusive, and based on equality and diversity. Civilization thrives in diversity. Every civilization represents the collective memory of a nation or a people. All civilizations in the world, including the Chinese civilization, are the fruit of human development. All civilizations are equal. No civilization is perfect on the planet. Nor is it devoid of merit. No single civilization can be judged superior to another. Human civilization is inclusive. As the fruit of human labor and wisdom, every culture deserves respect and is worth cherishing. Attempts to judge the superiority of one race or civilization to another, to transform or replace other civilizations, and to sow discord between civilizations, are absurd and disastrous. These attempts will only increase misunderstanding between civilizations and push the world towards fragmentation and confrontation.
加強(qiáng)不同文明之間的交流互鑒。各國(guó)應(yīng)相互尊重、平等相待，摒棄傲慢與偏見(jiàn)，加深對(duì)自身文明和其他文明差異性的認(rèn)知，推動(dòng)不同文明交流對(duì)話、和諧共生；應(yīng)各美其美、美人之美、美美與共，既讓本國(guó)文明生機(jī)盎然，也為他國(guó)文明發(fā)展創(chuàng)造條件，讓世界文明百花園群芳競(jìng)艷；應(yīng)開(kāi)放包容、互學(xué)互鑒，努力打破文化交往的壁壘，積極汲取其他文明的養(yǎng)分，相互借鑒，取長(zhǎng)補(bǔ)短，共同進(jìn)步；應(yīng)與時(shí)俱進(jìn)、創(chuàng)新發(fā)展，不斷吸納時(shí)代精華，用創(chuàng)新為文明發(fā)展提供不竭動(dòng)力。
Exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations should be strengthened. All countries should treat each other with respect and as equals. While discarding arrogance and prejudice, every country should enhance its awareness of the differences between its own civilization and other civilizations, increase dialogue between different cultures, and strive for harmonious coexistence. Every country should value its own civilization, appreciate that of others, and facilitate their development, and this will contribute to the flourishing of all civilizations. All civilizations should be open and inclusive, and promote common development by drawing from each other’s strengths through exchanges and mutual learning. All civilizations should progress with the times and sustain their development through innovation.
四、中國(guó)為建設(shè)更加美好的世界貢獻(xiàn)力量
IV. China Contributes to a Better World
中國(guó)的發(fā)展離不開(kāi)世界，世界的和平發(fā)展、繁榮穩(wěn)定離不開(kāi)中國(guó)。世界好，中國(guó)才能好；中國(guó)好，世界才更好。中國(guó)始終把自身發(fā)展置于人類發(fā)展的坐標(biāo)系中，始終把自身命運(yùn)與世界各國(guó)人民命運(yùn)緊密相連，始終把中國(guó)人民利益同各國(guó)人民共同利益結(jié)合起來(lái)，始終做世界和平的建設(shè)者、全球發(fā)展的貢獻(xiàn)者、國(guó)際秩序的維護(hù)者，為構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體、建設(shè)更加美好的世界貢獻(xiàn)智慧和力量。
China cannot develop in isolation from the rest of the world, nor can the world as a whole maintain peace, development, prosperity and stability without China. China will do well only when the world does well, and vice versa. China continues to place its own development in the coordinate system of human development, seeing that its future is closely connected with that of the rest of the world and the interests of the Chinese people are integrated with the common interests of the peoples of other countries. China is always a builder of world peace, a contributor to global development, and a guardian of global order, contributing Chinese wisdom and strength to building a global community of shared future and developing a better world.
（一）以自身發(fā)展促進(jìn)世界和平與發(fā)展
1. Promoting world peace and development through our own development
作為世界上最大的發(fā)展中國(guó)家，中國(guó)堅(jiān)定不移走好自己的路，集中力量辦好自己的事，讓國(guó)家更富強(qiáng)、人民更幸福，為復(fù)雜多變的世界注入穩(wěn)定性和確定性，這本身就是對(duì)世界和平與發(fā)展的最大貢獻(xiàn)。
As the largest developing country in the world, we remain fully committed to following our own path and managing our own affairs well by pooling resources. This is how we can make our country more prosperous and our people happier, and infuse stability and certainty into the complex and volatile world. That in itself is our biggest contribution to world peace and development.
新時(shí)代的中國(guó)，將在習(xí)近平新時(shí)代中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義思想指引下，繼續(xù)堅(jiān)定不移走中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義道路。始終堅(jiān)持以人民為中心，始終堅(jiān)持發(fā)展是第一要?jiǎng)?wù)，統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)、政治建設(shè)、文化建設(shè)、社會(huì)建設(shè)、生態(tài)文明建設(shè)“五位一體”總體布局，協(xié)調(diào)推進(jìn)全面建成小康社會(huì)、全面深化改革、全面依法治國(guó)、全面從嚴(yán)治黨“四個(gè)全面”戰(zhàn)略布局，向著建設(shè)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化強(qiáng)國(guó)、實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興的目標(biāo)堅(jiān)定前行。
Guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, China will continue to forge ahead on its socialist path. We have committed to a people-centered approach and given top priority to development. We have implemented the five-sphere integrated plan to advance economic, political, cultural, social and ecological development, and the four-pronged comprehensive strategy to complete a moderately prosperous society in all respects, further reform, advance the rule of law and strengthen Party discipline. We should strive to build China into a strong, modern socialist country and march towards national rejuvenation.
中國(guó)始終把以經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)為中心作為興國(guó)之要，堅(jiān)定不移走高質(zhì)量發(fā)展之路，貫徹創(chuàng)新、協(xié)調(diào)、綠色、開(kāi)放、共享的新發(fā)展理念，加快建設(shè)現(xiàn)代化經(jīng)濟(jì)體系，更好滿足人民日益增長(zhǎng)的美好生活需要。全面深化經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革，使市場(chǎng)在資源配置中起決定作用、更好發(fā)揮政府作用。進(jìn)一步推進(jìn)供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革，為經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展提供源源不斷的內(nèi)生動(dòng)力。繼續(xù)實(shí)施創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，把握數(shù)字化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化、智能化發(fā)展機(jī)遇，加強(qiáng)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)，增強(qiáng)自主創(chuàng)新能力和實(shí)力，增強(qiáng)發(fā)展新動(dòng)力。堅(jiān)持科技普惠，深化國(guó)際合作，同各國(guó)共享科技發(fā)展成果，讓科技創(chuàng)新更好造福世界人民。
China places economic development at the center of its national rejuvenation, promotes high-quality development and pursues with firmness of purpose the new vision of innovative, coordinated, green, open and inclusive development. We will accelerate the modernization of our economy to better meet people’s ever-growing needs for a better life. Comprehensive reform of the economic system will be furthered to make sure that the market plays a decisive role in resource allocation and the government performs its functions better. We will push forward supply-side structural reform to provide endogenous impetus for sound and sustained economic development. We will continue to implement the innovation-driven development strategy, grasp the development opportunities presented by digitalized, networked and intelligent development, increase protection of intellectual property rights, expand our capability and strength in innovation, and create new drivers of growth. China will advance science and technology to benefit more people, expand international cooperation to allow other countries to share its scientific and technological achievements, and bring more benefits to people across the world through technological innovation.
讓老百姓過(guò)上好日子，始終是中國(guó)發(fā)展的最大目標(biāo)。中國(guó)將以更大力度保障和改善民生，讓改革發(fā)展成果更多更公平惠及廣大人民群眾。加大精準(zhǔn)扶貧精準(zhǔn)脫貧力度，堅(jiān)決打贏脫貧攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)，到2020年底基本消除絕對(duì)貧困，使經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展成果更好為人民共享，為全球減貧事業(yè)作出新貢獻(xiàn)。中國(guó)積極落實(shí)聯(lián)合國(guó)2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程，堅(jiān)定不移走綠色發(fā)展之路，加快形成綠色發(fā)展方式和生活方式，引導(dǎo)應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化國(guó)際合作，推動(dòng)全球綠色、低碳、循環(huán)、可持續(xù)發(fā)展，保護(hù)好人類共同的地球家園。
Seeking a better life for the Chinese people has always been the primary goal for China. We will intensify efforts to secure and improve standards of living, allowing all people to benefit more fairly and thoroughly from the fruits of reform and development. We will reinforce targeted poverty alleviation and elimination to ensure that extreme poverty is basically eliminated by the end of 2020, thus enabling the people to better enjoy the fruits of economic growth and making a new contribution to global poverty reduction. China actively follows the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, remains firm in its commitment to promoting green development, and speeds up the application of eco-friendly growth models and ways of life. It takes a leading role in international cooperation in response to climate change, advances green, low-carbon, circular and sustainable development all over the world, and endeavors to protect the common homeland of humanity.
中國(guó)軍隊(duì)始終是世界和平的堅(jiān)定捍衛(wèi)者。新時(shí)代的中國(guó)國(guó)防，始終不渝奉行防御性國(guó)防政策，堅(jiān)持走中國(guó)特色強(qiáng)軍之路，努力建設(shè)同國(guó)際地位相稱、同國(guó)家安全和發(fā)展利益相適應(yīng)的鞏固國(guó)防和強(qiáng)大軍隊(duì)。中國(guó)軍隊(duì)忠實(shí)踐行人類命運(yùn)共同體理念，積極履行大國(guó)軍隊(duì)國(guó)際責(zé)任，全面推進(jìn)新時(shí)代國(guó)際軍事合作，為促進(jìn)世界和平與發(fā)展提供戰(zhàn)略支撐，為建設(shè)持久和平、普遍安全的美好世界作貢獻(xiàn)。
The Chinese military is a resolute defender of world peace. In the new era, China continues to pursue a defense policy that is defensive in nature, and stays committed to building a strong military with Chinese features, and solid national defense and armed forces that are commensurate with China’s international status and in compliance with national security and development interests. The Chinese army faithfully adheres to the concept of a global community of shared future, actively fulfills the international responsibilities of the armed forces of a major country, and comprehensively advances international military cooperation in the new era. Therefore, the Chinese military serves as a strategic safeguard for world peace and development, and contributes to building a better world of lasting peace and common security.
（二）堅(jiān)持合作共贏、共同發(fā)展
2. Pursuing mutually beneficial cooperation and common development
合作共贏、共同發(fā)展，才能辦大事、辦好事、辦長(zhǎng)久之事。一些國(guó)家越來(lái)越富，另一些國(guó)家越來(lái)越窮，世界不可能長(zhǎng)久太平、持久繁榮。中國(guó)人民不僅希望自己過(guò)上好日子，也希望其他國(guó)家人民過(guò)上好日子。中國(guó)將與各國(guó)加強(qiáng)互利合作，促進(jìn)交流互鑒，彌合發(fā)展鴻溝，走出一條公平、開(kāi)放、全面、創(chuàng)新的共同發(fā)展之路。
Only through mutually beneficial cooperation and common development can we make significant and sustainable achievements that are beneficial to all. Some countries are getting richer while others are becoming poorer, which makes it impossible to maintain lasting peace and prosperity around the world. Our Chinese people hope for a better life not only for ourselves, but also for the people of the rest of the world. China will strengthen mutually beneficial cooperation with other countries to promote exchanges and mutual learning, and narrow the development gap, embarking on a path leading to fair, open, comprehensive, innovative and shared progress.
堅(jiān)持發(fā)展創(chuàng)新、增長(zhǎng)聯(lián)動(dòng)、利益融合。中國(guó)將在推動(dòng)自身創(chuàng)新發(fā)展的同時(shí)，加強(qiáng)與各國(guó)交流合作，開(kāi)辟經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)新源泉，壯大經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)新動(dòng)能。中國(guó)將進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)與各國(guó)宏觀政策協(xié)調(diào)聯(lián)動(dòng)和發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃對(duì)接，優(yōu)勢(shì)互補(bǔ)，相互借力，放大正面外溢效應(yīng)，減少負(fù)面外部影響。中國(guó)將推動(dòng)更具包容性的開(kāi)放合作，兼顧當(dāng)前利益和長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)利益，兼顧自身利益和他國(guó)利益，既做大“蛋糕”又分好“蛋糕”，推動(dòng)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)再平衡，讓發(fā)展成果惠及更多民眾。中國(guó)歡迎其他國(guó)家搭乘中國(guó)發(fā)展的“快車(chē)”“便車(chē)”，幫助更多新興市場(chǎng)國(guó)家和發(fā)展中國(guó)家更好融入全球產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈、供應(yīng)鏈、價(jià)值鏈，共享經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化紅利。
Pursuing innovative development, interconnected growth and converging interests. China will seek to create new sources of economic growth and foster new drivers of growth through international exchanges and cooperation. We will further strengthen coordination on macro policies and connectivity in development plans with other countries to draw on each other’s strengths, increase positive spillover effects, and reduce negative external impacts. We will advance opening up and cooperation in a more inclusive way, pursue both current and long-term interests, and give consideration to the interests of other countries while pursuing our own, making the cake bigger and sharing it fairly to ensure equity and justice. China will help rebalance the world economy and ensure that the gains made benefit more people. We welcome the people of other countries aboard the express train of China’s development, and endeavor to help more emerging market and developing economies better integrate into the global industrial, supply and value chains, thus sharing the benefits of economic globalization.
推動(dòng)共建“一帶一路”高質(zhì)量發(fā)展?！耙粠б宦贰背h是構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體的實(shí)踐平臺(tái)，是促進(jìn)世界和平與發(fā)展的“船”和“橋”。中國(guó)將同有關(guān)各方秉持共商共建共享原則，堅(jiān)持開(kāi)放、綠色、廉潔理念，努力實(shí)現(xiàn)高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、惠民生、可持續(xù)目標(biāo)，推動(dòng)共建“一帶一路”高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，把“一帶一路”共同建設(shè)成為和平之路、繁榮之路、開(kāi)放之路、綠色之路、創(chuàng)新之路、文明之路，為世界各國(guó)創(chuàng)造發(fā)展機(jī)遇，讓更多民眾共享美好生活。共建“一帶一路”是經(jīng)濟(jì)合作倡議，不是搞地緣政治聯(lián)盟或軍事同盟，不針對(duì)誰(shuí)也不排除誰(shuí)；是開(kāi)放包容進(jìn)程，不是關(guān)起門(mén)來(lái)搞小圈子或者“中國(guó)俱樂(lè)部”；是中國(guó)同世界共享機(jī)遇、共謀發(fā)展的陽(yáng)光大道，不是這樣那樣的所謂“陷阱”，不以意識(shí)形態(tài)劃界，不搞零和游戲。只要各國(guó)愿意參與，中國(guó)都?xì)g迎。
Promoting high-quality development along the Belt and Road. The Belt and Road Initiative is a platform for building a global community of shared future, acting as a “boat” and “bridge” to promote world peace and development. China will join forces with all parties concerned to follow the principles of extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits, and uphold open and green development and clean government. We will pursue high standards, sustainability, and a better life for the people. In promoting high-quality development along the Belt and Road, we will jointly make this initiative an open, green, and innovative path to peace, prosperity and cultural exchanges. We aim to create opportunities for all countries and enable more people to enjoy a better life. The Belt and Road is an initiative for economic cooperation, not one for geopolitical or military alliance. It is an open and inclusive process that neither targets nor excludes any party. Rather than forming exclusionary blocks, it aims to help China and the rest of the world jointly seize opportunities and pursue common development. It is intended to avoid ideological demarcation, zero-sum games, or any of the “traps”. We welcome any country which is willing to participate.
促進(jìn)全球減貧與發(fā)展事業(yè)。消除貧困依然是當(dāng)今世界面臨的最大全球性挑戰(zhàn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)聯(lián)合國(guó)提出的2030年前徹底消除極端貧困的目標(biāo)，需要各國(guó)同舟共濟(jì)、共同努力。中國(guó)主張加快全球減貧進(jìn)程，發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家要加大對(duì)發(fā)展中國(guó)家的發(fā)展援助，發(fā)展中國(guó)家要增強(qiáng)內(nèi)生發(fā)展動(dòng)力。中國(guó)積極落實(shí)聯(lián)合國(guó)2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程，進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)國(guó)際減貧發(fā)展合作，支持聯(lián)合國(guó)、世界銀行等繼續(xù)在國(guó)際減貧事業(yè)中發(fā)揮重要作用，推動(dòng)建立以合作共贏為核心的新型國(guó)際減貧交流合作關(guān)系。中國(guó)始終關(guān)注和幫助生活在饑餓和貧困中的有關(guān)國(guó)家的人民，通過(guò)對(duì)外援助、減免債務(wù)、增加進(jìn)口、擴(kuò)大投資等措施，努力幫助發(fā)展中國(guó)家特別是最不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家增強(qiáng)自身發(fā)展能力，在扶貧減貧、疫病防控、難民救助等全球議題上繼續(xù)貢獻(xiàn)智慧和力量，讓共同發(fā)展的陽(yáng)光沖破貧困落后的陰霾、照亮共享繁榮的未來(lái)。
Advancing global poverty reduction. Eliminating poverty remains the biggest challenge facing the world today. To realize the UN goal of ending extreme poverty by 2030, it is critical for all countries to make concerted efforts. China advocates that developed countries increase assistance to developing countries and the latter enhance endogenous impetus for development, so as to accelerate the process of global poverty reduction. We actively implement the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, enhance international cooperation in poverty reduction, support the UN and the World Bank in continuing their important role in global poverty reduction, and promote a mutually beneficial model of international exchanges and cooperation in poverty reduction. China concerns itself with the problems of poverty-stricken countries and wants to help those people living in hunger and poverty. It strives to help developing countries – especially the least developed – to improve their capacity for self-development by providing foreign aid and debt relief and increasing imports and investment. We will continue to contribute wisdom and strength to global issues including poverty alleviation and reduction, disease prevention and control, and refugee relief, letting the sunlight of common development dispel the shadow of poverty and backwardness and illuminate a future of shared prosperity.
（三）堅(jiān)定維護(hù)和推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化
3. Upholding and advancing economic globalization
中國(guó)是經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的積極參與者，也是堅(jiān)定支持者。中國(guó)愿與國(guó)際社會(huì)一道，主動(dòng)作為，加強(qiáng)引導(dǎo)，讓經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化進(jìn)程更有活力、更加包容、更可持續(xù)。中國(guó)將實(shí)施更加積極主動(dòng)的開(kāi)放戰(zhàn)略，創(chuàng)造更全面、更深入、更多元的對(duì)外開(kāi)放格局，實(shí)現(xiàn)更廣泛的互利共贏，以實(shí)際行動(dòng)維護(hù)和推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化。
China is an active participant in and a firm supporter of economic globalization. We are ready to join the international community in taking proactive measures and strengthening guidance to make the process of economic globalization more dynamic, more inclusive and more sustainable. China will follow a more proactive opening-up strategy, work to create a more comprehensive, diverse and deeper opening-up structure, achieve mutually beneficial progress in a broader way, and uphold and promote economic globalization through concrete actions.
堅(jiān)決反對(duì)單邊主義、保護(hù)主義。中國(guó)堅(jiān)定維護(hù)以世界貿(mào)易組織為核心的多邊貿(mào)易體制，愿在平等和相互尊重基礎(chǔ)上深化與各國(guó)合作，共同維護(hù)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易穩(wěn)定和發(fā)展。對(duì)于國(guó)際經(jīng)貿(mào)往來(lái)中的問(wèn)題，中國(guó)主張依照世貿(mào)組織規(guī)則，在相互尊重、平等互利、相向而行、誠(chéng)信為本的基礎(chǔ)上，通過(guò)對(duì)話協(xié)商解決問(wèn)題。以貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)相威脅，不斷加征關(guān)稅的做法無(wú)益于問(wèn)題解決。中國(guó)是一個(gè)成熟的經(jīng)濟(jì)體，工業(yè)體系完備、產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈條完整、市場(chǎng)空間廣闊、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展勢(shì)頭強(qiáng)勁，絕不會(huì)被貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)打垮削弱。中國(guó)有信心有能力迎難而上、化危為機(jī)，開(kāi)拓一片新天地。
Opposing unilateralism and protectionism. China is fully committed to a multilateral trading system with the WTO at its core. It is keen to extend cooperation with other countries on the basis of equality and mutual respect, and to jointly maintain the stability and development of the global economy and trade. China advocates compliance with the WTO rules to address issues in international trade through dialogue and consultation based on mutual respect, equality, mutual benefit, cooperation and good faith. Threats of a trade war and continuous tariff hikes will never help to resolve economic and trade issues. China is a mature economy with a complete industrial system and industrial chain, vast markets, and vibrant momentum for development. We can never be defeated or weakened by a trade war. China is confident of meeting challenges head on, turning risks into opportunities, and opening new chapters.
對(duì)外開(kāi)放的大門(mén)將越開(kāi)越大。中國(guó)是在開(kāi)放條件下發(fā)展起來(lái)的，未來(lái)中國(guó)實(shí)現(xiàn)更好發(fā)展，必須在更加開(kāi)放的條件下進(jìn)行。中國(guó)已經(jīng)推出并將繼續(xù)實(shí)施一系列重大開(kāi)放舉措，“引進(jìn)來(lái)”“走出去”并重，形成陸海內(nèi)外聯(lián)動(dòng)、東西雙向互濟(jì)的開(kāi)放格局。中國(guó)將以更低的關(guān)稅水平、更短的負(fù)面清單、更便利的市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入、更透明的市場(chǎng)規(guī)則、更有吸引力的營(yíng)商環(huán)境，打造更高層次的開(kāi)放型經(jīng)濟(jì)，為全球創(chuàng)造更多增長(zhǎng)機(jī)遇、轉(zhuǎn)型機(jī)遇、創(chuàng)新機(jī)遇。中國(guó)歡迎更多外國(guó)人士來(lái)華學(xué)習(xí)、工作、旅游。中國(guó)將加大“走出去”力度，鼓勵(lì)更多企業(yè)、機(jī)構(gòu)到海外投資興業(yè)，加強(qiáng)經(jīng)貿(mào)、人文等各領(lǐng)域交流合作，搭建互利共贏合作新平臺(tái)。中國(guó)將繼續(xù)辦好“一帶一路”國(guó)際合作高峰論壇，全力打造世界一流的中國(guó)國(guó)際進(jìn)口博覽會(huì)，為中國(guó)對(duì)外開(kāi)放和世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)創(chuàng)造新需求、注入新動(dòng)力。
Opening wider to the outside world. Opening up has been key to China’s economic growth over the past years. In the same vein, further growth in the future can only be achieved with greater openness. We have launched and will continue to implement a host of major opening-up measures, giving equal emphasis to “bringing in” and “going global”, and making new ground in opening China further through links running eastward and westward, across land and over sea. With lower overall tariffs, a shorter negative list, easier market access, more transparent market rules, and a more attractive business environment, China will build an open economy of higher quality, bringing more opportunities for growth, transformation and innovation to the world. We welcome more foreign friends to study, work and travel in China. China will devote more energy to “going global”, encourage more Chinese enterprises and institutions to invest and develop outside China, strengthen economic and cultural exchanges and cooperation, and build new platforms for mutually beneficial cooperation. China will continue to ensure the success of the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation, and make every effort to develop a world-class China International Import Expo, fostering new demand and drivers for its opening up and global economic growth.
加快推進(jìn)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化。中國(guó)將加快實(shí)施自由貿(mào)易區(qū)戰(zhàn)略，構(gòu)建立足周邊、輻射“一帶一路”、面向全球的高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)自由貿(mào)易區(qū)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，積極推動(dòng)早日達(dá)成《區(qū)域全面經(jīng)濟(jì)伙伴關(guān)系協(xié)定》，加快推進(jìn)中日韓自貿(mào)區(qū)、中歐投資協(xié)定等談判進(jìn)程。推動(dòng)亞太自貿(mào)區(qū)和東亞經(jīng)濟(jì)共同體建設(shè)，支持非洲大陸自貿(mào)區(qū)建設(shè)，推進(jìn)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化，促進(jìn)貿(mào)易和投資自由化便利化，讓經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的動(dòng)力更加強(qiáng)勁。
Moving faster to promote regional economic integration. China will speed up the implementation of its free trade zone strategy, and build a high-standard network of free trade zones that focuses on neighboring countries and regions, radiates out through the Belt and Road, and opens to the world. We will continue to help secure agreement on the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, and speed up negotiations on the China-Japan-ROK Free Trade Agreement and the China-EU investment treaty. China will work on the Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific and an East Asia economic community, support the development of the African Continental Free Trade Area, advance regional economic integration, and promote liberalization and facilitation of trade and investment, reinforcing the momentum for economic globalization.
繼續(xù)推動(dòng)人民幣國(guó)際化。人民幣國(guó)際化豐富了全球貿(mào)易的貨幣結(jié)算方式，促進(jìn)了全球貨幣體系多元化。人民幣國(guó)際化，目的不是改變現(xiàn)有全球貨幣體系，而是對(duì)國(guó)際貨幣體系的補(bǔ)充和完善。人民幣國(guó)際化，堅(jiān)持尊重市場(chǎng)需求、服務(wù)實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)的原則，是一個(gè)市場(chǎng)驅(qū)動(dòng)的過(guò)程。在進(jìn)一步推進(jìn)人民幣匯率市場(chǎng)化改革、穩(wěn)妥有序推動(dòng)資本和金融賬戶開(kāi)放的同時(shí)，中國(guó)將繼續(xù)推動(dòng)人民幣國(guó)際化，提升金融標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和國(guó)際化水平，更好實(shí)現(xiàn)中國(guó)和其他國(guó)家的利益融合，使世界金融市場(chǎng)更加穩(wěn)定。
Continuing internationalization of the Renminbi. The internationalization of the Renminbi has broadened monetary settlement options for global trade and promoted diversity in the international monetary system. It aims to supplement and improve rather than change the current system. It is a market-driven process based on the principle of respecting market demand and serving the real economy. While advancing the market-based reform of the Renminbi exchange rate and the opening of domestic capital and financial accounts in a prudent and orderly way, China will continue the internationalization of the Renminbi, raise financial standards, and further internationalize its financial sector, thus enhancing converging interests with other countries and contributing to international financial stability.
（四）積極發(fā)展全球伙伴關(guān)系
4. Developing global partnerships
拓展伙伴關(guān)系是中國(guó)堅(jiān)持的重要方向。志同道合是伙伴，求同存異也是伙伴。中國(guó)繼續(xù)弘揚(yáng)伙伴精神，沿著對(duì)話而不對(duì)抗、結(jié)伴而不結(jié)盟的國(guó)與國(guó)交往新路堅(jiān)定前行，努力推動(dòng)構(gòu)建總體穩(wěn)定、均衡發(fā)展的大國(guó)關(guān)系框架，深化同周邊國(guó)家關(guān)系，加強(qiáng)同發(fā)展中國(guó)家團(tuán)結(jié)合作。中國(guó)秉持正確義利觀，不斷擴(kuò)大同各國(guó)的利益匯合點(diǎn)，不斷提升伙伴關(guān)系的含金量，不斷拓展全球朋友圈。
China gives priority to expanding partnerships. Those who cherish the same ideals and follow the same path can be partners, and so can those who seek common ground while reserving differences. China will carry forward this spirit, remain committed to a new approach to state-to-state relations, one that features dialogue rather than confrontation, and seeks partnerships rather than alliances. We will work to build a framework for major-country relations featuring overall stability and balanced development, establish deeper relations with our neighbors, and strengthen solidarity and cooperation with other developing countries. Guided by the principle of upholding the greater good and pursuing shared interests, China will expand the convergence of interests with other countries, add more value to partnerships, and enlarge its circle of friends worldwide.
中美關(guān)系是世界上最重要的雙邊關(guān)系之一。中國(guó)是最大的發(fā)展中國(guó)家，美國(guó)是最大的發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，合作是兩國(guó)唯一正確選擇，共贏才能通向更好未來(lái)。美國(guó)應(yīng)以理性思維、發(fā)展眼光看待兩國(guó)關(guān)系，中國(guó)無(wú)意挑戰(zhàn)美國(guó)，也不想取代美國(guó)；美國(guó)無(wú)法左右中國(guó)，更不可能阻止中國(guó)的發(fā)展。遏制打壓別國(guó)、對(duì)外轉(zhuǎn)嫁國(guó)內(nèi)矛盾并不能使美國(guó)保持強(qiáng)大。美國(guó)應(yīng)拋棄冷戰(zhàn)思維，正確認(rèn)識(shí)自己，正確認(rèn)識(shí)中國(guó)，正確認(rèn)識(shí)世界。適應(yīng)別國(guó)發(fā)展強(qiáng)大，與外部世界和諧相處，才是大國(guó)常存之道。世界上本無(wú)“修昔底德陷阱”，但大國(guó)之間發(fā)生嚴(yán)重戰(zhàn)略誤判，就可能使沖突和對(duì)抗成為“自我實(shí)現(xiàn)的預(yù)言”。中國(guó)愿同美國(guó)一道努力，切實(shí)肩負(fù)起大國(guó)擔(dān)當(dāng)，在互惠互利基礎(chǔ)上拓展合作，在相互尊重基礎(chǔ)上管控分歧，推進(jìn)以協(xié)調(diào)、合作、穩(wěn)定為基調(diào)的中美關(guān)系，不斷增進(jìn)兩國(guó)和世界人民福祉。
The China-US relationship is one of the most important bilateral relationships in the world. China is the world’s largest developing country and the United States is the largest developed country. Cooperation is the only correct choice for the two countries, and a mutually beneficial relationship is the only path to a better future. The US should treat our bilateral relations from a broad and rational perspective. China has no intention of challenging the United States, nor of replacing the US; the US is unable to force China’s hand, and even less likely to halt China’s development. The US cannot maintain its strength by attempting to contain and suppress other countries, or by transferring its own domestic stresses outward. The US should abandon the Cold War mentality, and develop a proper understanding of itself, China, and the world. It should adapt to the development and prosperity of other countries, and live in harmony with the rest of the world, which is the principle major countries should always follow. The Thucydides trap is not an unbreakable law. However, any serious strategic miscalculation between major countries risks turning conflict and confrontation into a self-fulfilling prophecy. For the wellbeing of the two nations and the rest of the world, China is ready to work with the US to shoulder their shared responsibilities as major countries, expand cooperation on the basis of mutual benefit, manage differences based on mutual respect, and jointly advance China-US relations focusing on coordination, cooperation and stability.
中俄互為最大鄰國(guó)，兩國(guó)攜手走過(guò)70年，歷經(jīng)國(guó)際風(fēng)云考驗(yàn)，樹(shù)立了新型國(guó)際關(guān)系典范。中俄全面戰(zhàn)略協(xié)作伙伴關(guān)系成熟、穩(wěn)定、牢固，互信程度最高、協(xié)作水平最高、戰(zhàn)略價(jià)值最高。新時(shí)代中俄全面戰(zhàn)略協(xié)作伙伴關(guān)系的新定位，為兩國(guó)關(guān)系標(biāo)注了新的未來(lái)。中俄關(guān)系始終是中國(guó)對(duì)外交往的優(yōu)先方向。中國(guó)將進(jìn)一步深化中俄友好，堅(jiān)定支持對(duì)方維護(hù)核心利益，在重大問(wèn)題上緊密協(xié)作，在發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略上加強(qiáng)對(duì)接，推動(dòng)兩國(guó)關(guān)系向著更高水平、更寬領(lǐng)域、更深層次不斷邁進(jìn)，在復(fù)雜多變的國(guó)際形勢(shì)中擔(dān)當(dāng)壓艙石和穩(wěn)定器。中俄緊緊站在一起，世界就多一分和平、多一分安全、多一分穩(wěn)定。
China and Russia have walked hand in hand through the past seven decades, each as the other’s largest neighbor. They have withstood the test of changes in the world and set a good example in fostering a new model of international relations. Our comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination is mature, stable and solid, enjoying the highest level of mutual trust and coordination and the highest strategic value. The upgrade of the China-Russia relationship to a comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination for a new era marks a brighter future for our bilateral relations. China has always prioritized its relations with Russia in its diplomatic agenda. China will work with Russia to build a deeper friendship between our two countries, support each other on issues concerning our core interests, closely coordinate with each other on major issues of mutual concern, enhance the connectivity of our development strategies, and push our bilateral relations to greater heights, wider fields and deeper levels. Our relationship will serve as both a ballast and a propeller in a complex and volatile international situation. A close partnership between China and Russia contributes to world peace, security and stability.
歐洲是當(dāng)今世界重要一極，是中國(guó)的全面戰(zhàn)略伙伴。中國(guó)致力于推進(jìn)中歐和平、增長(zhǎng)、改革、文明四大伙伴關(guān)系建設(shè)，將中歐兩大力量、兩大市場(chǎng)、兩大文明結(jié)合起來(lái)，提升中歐全面戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系的全球影響力。中國(guó)堅(jiān)定支持歐洲一體化進(jìn)程，堅(jiān)定支持歐盟團(tuán)結(jié)和壯大，支持歐洲在國(guó)際事務(wù)中發(fā)揮更重要作用。中歐將進(jìn)一步深化合作，攜手維護(hù)多邊主義，為世界注入更多穩(wěn)定因素。
Europe is an important pillar in the world today, and also a comprehensive strategic partner to China. We endeavor to promote a partnership for peace, growth, reform and civilization, connecting our strengths, markets and civilizations, and increasing the global influence of the China-EU comprehensive strategic partnership. China will continue to support European integration, and a more important role in international affairs for a more united and stronger EU. The two sides will extend cooperation, make joint efforts to uphold multilateralism, and promote stability throughout the world.
中國(guó)視周邊為安身立命之所、發(fā)展繁榮之基，始終將周邊置于對(duì)外交往的首要位置，以促進(jìn)周邊和平、穩(wěn)定、發(fā)展為己任。中國(guó)踐行親誠(chéng)惠容理念和與鄰為善、以鄰為伴的周邊外交方針，繼續(xù)與周邊國(guó)家增進(jìn)互信互助，推進(jìn)互聯(lián)互通，深化互利合作，維護(hù)和平安寧，讓中國(guó)發(fā)展成果更多惠及周邊，為構(gòu)建周邊命運(yùn)共同體匯聚力量，始終做周邊區(qū)域合作引領(lǐng)者、地區(qū)和平發(fā)展守望者。
China sees its neighboring countries as the foundation of its development and prosperity. It gives top priority to neighborhood diplomacy in foreign relations, and takes promoting regional peace, stability and development as its bounden duty. In accordance with the policy of forging friendships and partnerships with our neighbors based on the principles of amity, sincerity, mutual benefit and inclusiveness, we will continue to increase mutual trust and assistance, promote connectivity, further mutually beneficial cooperation, and ensure peace and tranquility, so that our development will bring even greater gains to our neighbors and gather strength for turning China and its neighbors into a community of shared future. China will continue to lead regional cooperation and safeguard regional peace and development.
廣大發(fā)展中國(guó)家是中國(guó)和平發(fā)展的同路人。中國(guó)秉持真實(shí)親誠(chéng)理念和正確義利觀，加強(qiáng)與發(fā)展中國(guó)家團(tuán)結(jié)合作。構(gòu)建更加緊密的中非命運(yùn)共同體，不斷深化平等互利、共同發(fā)展的中拉全面合作伙伴關(guān)系，不斷深化全面合作、共同發(fā)展、面向未來(lái)的中阿戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系，為南南合作注入新動(dòng)力，讓大家都能過(guò)上好日子。
China and other developing countries share the same aspiration for peace and development. Guided by the principle of upholding the greater good and pursuing shared interests, China strengthens solidarity and cooperation with other developing countries in a spirit of sincerity, affinity, and good faith. We will contribute to a closer community of shared future between China and Africa, further a comprehensive cooperative partnership between China and Latin American countries characterized by equality, mutual benefit and common development, reinforce a future-oriented strategic partnership of comprehensive cooperation and common development between China and the Arab states, and foster new drivers for South-South cooperation, helping the peoples of all developing countries achieve a better life.
（五）堅(jiān)定支持多邊主義，維護(hù)國(guó)際公平正義
5. Supporting multilateralism and upholding international equity and justice
公平正義是人類社會(huì)的永恒追求，是構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體的崇高目標(biāo)。當(dāng)今世界，公平正義還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)。世界的命運(yùn)必須由各國(guó)人民共同掌握，世界上的事情必須由各國(guó)共同商量著辦。中國(guó)將繼續(xù)堅(jiān)定支持多邊主義、維護(hù)國(guó)際公平正義，與各國(guó)一道共同推動(dòng)國(guó)際關(guān)系民主化、法治化、合理化。
Equity and justice are the eternal goals of human society and the ultimate purpose of building a global community of shared future. In today’s world, equity and justice remain distant dreams. The future of the world should be decided by the peoples of all countries and international affairs should be managed by all countries through consultation. China will remain committed to multilateralism, uphold international equity and justice, and work with other countries to promote democracy, the rule of law and a proper balance in international relations.
堅(jiān)持多邊主義是國(guó)際社會(huì)的普遍訴求。在各國(guó)利益深度融合、命運(yùn)休戚與共的今天，世界多極化和國(guó)際關(guān)系民主化是大勢(shì)所趨，“誰(shuí)強(qiáng)誰(shuí)說(shuō)了算”的日子一去不復(fù)返了。作為聯(lián)合國(guó)創(chuàng)始會(huì)員國(guó)、安理會(huì)常任理事國(guó)和最大發(fā)展中國(guó)家，中國(guó)將一如既往地堅(jiān)定維護(hù)以聯(lián)合國(guó)為核心的國(guó)際體系，堅(jiān)定維護(hù)以《聯(lián)合國(guó)憲章》宗旨和原則為核心的國(guó)際秩序，同各國(guó)一道，堅(jiān)守多邊主義，反對(duì)單邊主義。對(duì)國(guó)家間的矛盾和分歧，中國(guó)始終倡導(dǎo)有事好商量，依托多邊框架和平臺(tái)，加強(qiáng)溝通協(xié)調(diào)，求同存異，聚同化異，擴(kuò)大共識(shí)，以和平方式解決問(wèn)題，反對(duì)動(dòng)輒訴諸武力或以武力相威脅。中國(guó)堅(jiān)定維護(hù)以世界貿(mào)易組織為核心的多邊貿(mào)易體制，堅(jiān)決反對(duì)“筑墻”“拆臺(tái)”“退群”等單邊行為。中國(guó)積極支持世界衛(wèi)生組織、世界知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)組織、國(guó)際電信聯(lián)盟、國(guó)際勞工組織等機(jī)構(gòu)在全球治理中更好發(fā)揮作用。
Supporting multilateralism is the common aspiration of the international community. In today’s world, all countries have converging interests and share weal and woe, making the global trend towards multipolarity and democratic international relations irresistible. Gone are the days when the strong had the final say. As a founding member of the UN, a permanent member of the UN Security Council, and the largest developing country, China will continue to uphold the international system with the UN at its core and the international order underpinned by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, and join forces with other countries in supporting multilateralism and opposing unilateralism. China advocates that whenever differences and disputes crop up between countries they should turn to consultation through multilateral frameworks or platforms, seek common ground while reserving differences, increase common interests while dissolving differences, and by doing so, broaden consensus and promote the peaceful settlement of differences and disputes. We oppose the calculated threat or use of force. China will remain committed to the multilateral trading system with the WTO at its core, and oppose unilateral conduct such as erecting walls between nations, undermining others, or withdrawing into isolation. We give active support to the WHO, WIPO, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), and the International Labor Organization (ILO) in playing a better role in global governance.
維護(hù)公平正義是中國(guó)處理國(guó)際問(wèn)題的基本準(zhǔn)則。中國(guó)尊重各國(guó)人民自主選擇的發(fā)展道路和社會(huì)制度，尊重各國(guó)主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整，反對(duì)外部勢(shì)力干涉他國(guó)內(nèi)政。中國(guó)絕不把自己的意志強(qiáng)加于人，也絕不允許任何人把他們的意志強(qiáng)加于中國(guó)人民。中國(guó)不會(huì)干涉任何國(guó)家內(nèi)政，也絕不允許任何國(guó)家、任何勢(shì)力干涉和插手中國(guó)內(nèi)部事務(wù)。中國(guó)始終堅(jiān)持國(guó)家不分大小、強(qiáng)弱、貧富一律平等，反對(duì)弱肉強(qiáng)食的叢林法則，反對(duì)唯我獨(dú)尊的霸權(quán)思維和強(qiáng)權(quán)政治，推動(dòng)提升發(fā)展中國(guó)家在國(guó)際事務(wù)中的代表性和發(fā)言權(quán)。中國(guó)將承擔(dān)更多國(guó)際責(zé)任，與各國(guó)共同維護(hù)人類良知和國(guó)際公理，在世界和地區(qū)事務(wù)中主持公道、伸張正義。在國(guó)際和地區(qū)熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題上，中國(guó)繼續(xù)倡導(dǎo)并踐行“堅(jiān)持不干涉別國(guó)內(nèi)政，反對(duì)強(qiáng)加于人；堅(jiān)持客觀公道，反對(duì)謀取私利；堅(jiān)持政治解決，反對(duì)使用武力”的原則，根據(jù)事情本身的是非曲直作出公正判斷，勸和促談，維穩(wěn)防亂，不拉偏架，不謀私利，為維護(hù)國(guó)際和地區(qū)和平安寧發(fā)揮建設(shè)性作用。
Upholding equity and justice is China’s basic principle in dealing with international issues. We respect the right of the peoples of all countries to choose their own development paths and social systems, respect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all countries, and oppose interference in others’ domestic affairs. China will never impose its will on other countries, nor will it allow others to impose theirs on the Chinese people. We will never interfere in the domestic affairs of others, nor will we allow any country or force to interfere in ours. China stands for the equality of all countries, big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor, and opposes the law of the jungle that leaves the weak at the mercy of the strong. We resolutely reject hegemonic thinking and power politics, and strive to increase the representation and voice of developing countries in international affairs. China will undertake more international responsibilities, work with other countries to safeguard human conscience and international truth, and uphold equity and justice in regional and international affairs. We will continue to advocate and implement our principles concerning major international and regional issues:
No country should interfere in other countries’ internal affairs or impose its will on others;
Countries concerned should act in an impartial and objective manner and refrain from seeking selfish interests;
Political solutions, not the use of force, should be sought in addressing differences and disputes.
China believes that a fair judgment should be made on each issue on its own merits. We will promote peace talks, maintain stability, prevent disorder, exhibit no partiality, seek no selfish gains, and play a constructive role in ensuring regional and international peace and tranquility.
（六）積極參與引領(lǐng)全球治理體系改革和建設(shè)
6. Taking a lead in reforming and developing the global governance system
推動(dòng)全球治理體系朝著更加公正合理方向發(fā)展，實(shí)現(xiàn)共商共建共享，是世界各國(guó)的普遍期待。中國(guó)作為負(fù)責(zé)任大國(guó)，始終堅(jiān)持權(quán)利和義務(wù)相平衡，不僅看到中國(guó)發(fā)展對(duì)世界的要求，也看到國(guó)際社會(huì)對(duì)中國(guó)的期待，積極參與全球治理體系改革和建設(shè)。作為現(xiàn)行國(guó)際體系的參與者、建設(shè)者、貢獻(xiàn)者，中國(guó)參與和推動(dòng)全球治理體系變革，目的不是推倒重來(lái)、另起爐灶，而是與時(shí)俱進(jìn)、創(chuàng)新完善。
It is the common aspiration of countries around the world to make global governance fairer and more equitable, and fulfill the principles of extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits. As a major and responsible country, China will continue to enjoy its rights in balance with fulfilling its obligations, taking account of both its requirements of the world and the international community’s expectations for China. We will take an active part in reforming and developing the global governance system. As a participant in, builder of, and contributor to that system, China hopes to help the system move with the times through innovation and improvement, rather than reinvent the wheel.
推動(dòng)全球治理體系變革是國(guó)際社會(huì)大家的事，應(yīng)堅(jiān)持共商共建共享原則，使全球治理體系變革的主張轉(zhuǎn)化為各方共識(shí)，形成一致行動(dòng)。中國(guó)主張，什么樣的國(guó)際秩序和全球治理體系對(duì)世界好、對(duì)世界各國(guó)人民好，要由各國(guó)人民商量，不能由一家說(shuō)了算，不能由少數(shù)人說(shuō)了算。中國(guó)將積極發(fā)揮自身作用，加強(qiáng)與各方協(xié)調(diào)，推動(dòng)全球治理體系變革更好地體現(xiàn)和平、發(fā)展、公平、正義、民主、自由的人類共同價(jià)值，更好地反映國(guó)際格局的變化，更加平衡地反映整個(gè)國(guó)際社會(huì)的意愿。
This is a common cause of all countries and regions, so we must pursue the transformation of the global governance system by following the principles of extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits. We must endeavor to turn sound proposals into consensus and concerted actions. What kind of international order and governance system best suits the world, and best suits the peoples of all countries? China advocates that it should be decided by all countries through consultation, and not by a single country or a small minority of countries. We will play an active role, strengthen coordination with all parties concerned, and promote peace, development, equity, justice, democracy, freedom and other common human values, making the global governance system better reflect changes to the international architecture and the will of the international community in a more balanced way.
中國(guó)積極支持聯(lián)合國(guó)進(jìn)行改革，推動(dòng)聯(lián)合國(guó)在思想理念、機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置、運(yùn)行模式等方面更好適應(yīng)全球治理的新要求，更好履行《聯(lián)合國(guó)憲章》賦予的職責(zé)，在維護(hù)世界和平、促進(jìn)共同發(fā)展中發(fā)揮更大作用。中國(guó)積極支持世界貿(mào)易組織在公平公正基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行必要改革，主張世界貿(mào)易組織改革要維護(hù)世貿(mào)組織核心價(jià)值和基本原則，特別是維護(hù)發(fā)展中國(guó)家的發(fā)展利益和政策空間，推動(dòng)全球貿(mào)易自由化和便利化，完善貿(mào)易爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)制，使全球貿(mào)易更加規(guī)范、便利、開(kāi)放，為建設(shè)包容和開(kāi)放的世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)揮更大作用。中國(guó)將與國(guó)際社會(huì)一道，攜手應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化、恐怖主義、網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全、能源資源安全、重大自然災(zāi)害等全球性問(wèn)題，共同呵護(hù)人類賴以生存的地球家園。
China gives active support to reforming the UN, helping it better meet the new requirements of global governance in its underlying guidelines, organization and operations, better fulfill the responsibilities prescribed in the UN Charter, and better play an expanding role in safeguarding world peace and promoting common development. We support necessary reform of the WTO on the basis of equity and justice. China advocates that reform of the WTO should safeguard its core values and basic principles, especially the interests and policy space of developing countries. The WTO should promote trade liberalization and facilitation to make global trade more regulated, accessible and open, improve settlement mechanisms for trade disputes, and play a bigger role in developing an open and inclusive world economy. China will work with the international community to address global issues including climate change, terrorism, cyber security, energy security and severe natural disasters, and jointly protect our home planet.
中國(guó)積極推動(dòng)國(guó)際貨幣基金組織和世界銀行份額與治理改革，切實(shí)反映國(guó)際格局的變化；積極推動(dòng)二十國(guó)集團(tuán)國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)合作主要論壇作用，從危機(jī)應(yīng)對(duì)向長(zhǎng)效治理機(jī)制轉(zhuǎn)型，為促進(jìn)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)、完善全球經(jīng)濟(jì)治理作出更大貢獻(xiàn)；積極推動(dòng)亞太經(jīng)合組織合作取得新進(jìn)展，使亞太大家庭精神和命運(yùn)共同體意識(shí)深入人心，做開(kāi)放型世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的引領(lǐng)者和推動(dòng)者；積極推動(dòng)金磚國(guó)家合作機(jī)制行穩(wěn)致遠(yuǎn)，在國(guó)際平臺(tái)中發(fā)揮更大作用。
China makes active efforts to advance the quota and governance reform of the IMF and the World Bank, better reflecting changes to the international architecture. We will promote the role of the G20 as the premier forum for international economic cooperation, and help it transform from a crisis-management body to a long-term and effective governance mechanism, making a bigger contribution to world economic growth and global economic governance. In leading and promoting an open world economy, China will push for new breakthroughs in the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), and ensure that more people embrace the spirit of an Asia-Pacific family and the idea of a community of shared future. We will ensure sustained and steady progress of the BRICS cooperation mechanism, so that it can play a greater role among international platforms.
中國(guó)積極推動(dòng)全球治理理念創(chuàng)新發(fā)展，及時(shí)總結(jié)國(guó)家治理的成功實(shí)踐和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，積極發(fā)掘中華文化中積極的處世之道、治理理念同當(dāng)今時(shí)代的共鳴點(diǎn)，努力為完善全球治理貢獻(xiàn)中國(guó)智慧、中國(guó)方案、中國(guó)力量。
We will actively promote innovative ideas in global governance, sum up the successful practice and experience of national governance, and explore values in our cultural tradition that remain relevant today as positive guides for good relations, trying to contribute Chinese wisdom, solutions and strength to global governance.
結(jié)束語(yǔ)
Conclusion
回首波瀾壯闊的70年，中國(guó)人民為取得的成就感到自豪，但不會(huì)驕傲自滿、止步不前。新時(shí)代的中國(guó)，走中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義道路的決心不會(huì)改變，與其他國(guó)家互學(xué)互鑒、合作共贏的決心不會(huì)改變，與世界攜手同行的決心不會(huì)改變。未來(lái)之中國(guó)，將以更加開(kāi)放包容的姿態(tài)擁抱世界，同世界形成更加良性的互動(dòng)，帶來(lái)更加進(jìn)步和繁榮的中國(guó)和世界。
Looking back at the successes of the past seven decades, we Chinese people are proud of all our achievements. But we will not fall into complacency or stagnation. In this new era, China will not waver in its commitment to forging ahead on the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, pursuing mutual learning and mutually beneficial cooperation, and working together with the rest of the world. In the future, China will embrace the world in a more open and inclusive manner, engage in more interactions with other countries, and bring more progress and prosperity to itself and the rest of the world.
當(dāng)今世界，既充滿機(jī)遇和希望，也存在變數(shù)和挑戰(zhàn)，世界各國(guó)的前途命運(yùn)從來(lái)沒(méi)有像現(xiàn)在這樣緊密相連。每個(gè)國(guó)家都和世界的前途命運(yùn)休戚相關(guān)，只要目標(biāo)一致、團(tuán)結(jié)起來(lái)，共享機(jī)遇、共迎挑戰(zhàn)，就能構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體，建設(shè)更加美好的世界，走向更加光明的未來(lái)。
In today’s world, we face an array of opportunities and hopes, of variables and challenges. The future of all countries has never been more closely connected. We each have a high stake in the future of all others. As long as we maintain the same goals and unite as one to share opportunities and meet challenges, we can build a global community of shared future and create a better and brighter world for all.
