首都關(guān)鍵詞
2022 Beijing Keywords
01 兩區(qū) The “two zones”
即國家服務(wù)業(yè)擴大開放綜合示范區(qū)、中國(北京)自由貿(mào)易試驗區(qū)。在2020年中國國際服務(wù)貿(mào)易交易會上,習(xí)近平總書記親自宣布支持北京建設(shè)國家服務(wù)業(yè)擴大開放綜合示范區(qū)和以科技創(chuàng)新、服務(wù)業(yè)開放、數(shù)字經(jīng)濟為主要特征的自由貿(mào)易試驗區(qū)。
They are the Integrated National Demonstration Zone for Increased Opening in the Service Sector, and the China (Beijing) Pilot Free Trade Zone. In his address at the 2020 China International Fair for Trade in Services, President Xi Jinping pledged support for Beijing to develop a national integrated demonstration zone for greater openness in the service sector, and to set up a pilot free trade zone focusing on technological innovation, opening-up of the service sector, and the digital economy.
02 五子 The five initiatives
北京市在服務(wù)和融入新發(fā)展格局的緊要處落好“五子”,即建設(shè)國際科技創(chuàng)新中心、推進“兩區(qū)”建設(shè)、發(fā)展數(shù)字經(jīng)濟、以供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革引領(lǐng)和創(chuàng)造新需求、深入推動以疏解北京非首都功能為“牛鼻子”的京津冀協(xié)同發(fā)展。
Beijing has launched five initiatives as part of the country’s efforts to pursue a new development approach: building Beijing into a global center for innovation; developing the “two zones”; growing the digital economy; creating and stimulating demand through supply-side structural reform, and advancing coordinated development between Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei by relocating functions non-essential to Beijing’s role as the capital city.
03 國際消費中心城市 A global center for consumption
國際消費中心城市是現(xiàn)代國際化大都市的核心功能之一,是消費資源的集聚地,更是一國乃至全球消費市場的制高點,具有很強的消費引領(lǐng)和帶動作用。2021年,經(jīng)國務(wù)院批準(zhǔn),北京市率先開展國際消費中心城市建設(shè)。
This is one of the key features of an international metropolis. Such a city has a wide availability of products and services, and leads and boosts consumption as a premier national market or even as a center of the global market.
Approved by the State Council in 2021, Beijing leads the country in building a global center for consumption.
04 “五新”政策 Policies for growth in five areas
根據(jù)《關(guān)于加快培育壯大新業(yè)態(tài)新模式促進北京經(jīng)濟高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的若干意見》圍繞把握新基建機遇、拓展新場景應(yīng)用、挖掘新消費潛力、實施新開放舉措、提升新服務(wù)效能5個方面分別提出相關(guān)政策措施,形成了“五新”政策體系。
In its Guidelines on faster development of new business forms and models to facilitate high-quality economic development in Beijing, the municipal government presented major policy measures for growth in five areas: developing new infrastructure, increasing new scenarios for applications, expanding areas to tap into the potential for consumption, promoting further opening-up, and providing more efficient and effective services.
05 北京優(yōu)農(nóng) Beijing premium agricultural produce (BPAP)
即北京優(yōu)質(zhì)農(nóng)業(yè)品牌。2021年北京市首次發(fā)布《北京優(yōu)農(nóng)品牌目錄》,共有130個品牌入選,包括平谷大桃等10個區(qū)域公用品牌、順鑫控股等75個企業(yè)品牌、京一根等45個產(chǎn)品品牌。
It is a certification for Beijing’s quality agricultural brands. The Catalogue of Beijing Premium Agricultural Produce, initially released in 2021, contains 130 brands, including 10 geographical brands such as Pinggu Peaches, 75 corporate brands such as Shunxin Holdings and 45 product brands such as Jingyigen potato starch vermicelli.
06 城市更新 Urban renewal
即對城市建成區(qū)城市空間形態(tài)和城市功能的持續(xù)完善和優(yōu)化調(diào)整,嚴(yán)控大拆大建,嚴(yán)守安全底線,嚴(yán)格生態(tài)保護,是小規(guī)模、漸進式、可持續(xù)的更新。主要聚焦以下幾個方面:服務(wù)“四個中心”建設(shè)優(yōu)化提升首都功能;城市公共空間、公共服務(wù)設(shè)施、市政交通等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施系統(tǒng)完善;居民住房條件、小區(qū)環(huán)境及配套設(shè)施優(yōu)化改善;低效樓宇轉(zhuǎn)型升級;歷史文化街區(qū)保護利用;產(chǎn)業(yè)園區(qū)和老舊廠房改造更新等。
This refers to continuous efforts to improve and adjust the city’s spatial organization and urban functions in the developed areas. Beijing will strictly control large-scale demolition and construction, implement strict safety standards, and rigorously protect the ecosystem. This renewal is small scale, incremental and sustainable.
It focuses on the following: strengthening Beijing’s position as “the four centers” and the capital of the nation; improving infrastructure such as urban public spaces, public service facilities and public transportation; optimizing residential housing conditions as well as the environs and supporting facilities of residential communities; upgrading under- or mis-utilized buildings; protecting and utilizing historical and cultural areas, and transforming and renovating industrial parks and old industrial buildings.
07 韌性城市 A resilient city
即具備在逆變環(huán)境中承受、適應(yīng)和快速恢復(fù)能力的城市,是城市安全發(fā)展的新范式。主要指城市在面臨自然和社會壓力沖擊,特別是遭受重大安全事故、極端天氣、地震、洪澇、重大疫情等突發(fā)事件時,能夠憑借其動態(tài)平衡、冗余緩沖和自我修復(fù)等特性, 保持抗壓、存續(xù)、適應(yīng)和可持續(xù)發(fā)展的能力。北京市《關(guān)于加快推進韌性城市建設(shè)的指導(dǎo)意見》,圍繞城市空間韌性、工程韌性、管理韌性和社會韌性,對韌性城市建設(shè)進行了頂層設(shè)計。
This is a city that has an ability to withstand, adapt to and recover quickly from an adverse or changing environment. They represent a new paradigm for urban growth in a safe environment.
A city is resilient in the sense that it has built up a cushion against unexpected shocks, and it can reorient itself depending on the circumstances when a natural disaster or a major accident occurs, especially in the event of major safety accidents, extreme weather, earthquakes, floods, major epidemics and other emergencies. As a result, it is able to deal with the pressure, adapt, survive, and quickly return to the path of sustainable development. In its Guidelines on building a resilient city, the municipal government laid down a master plan for building up the city’s resilience in areas including urban space planning, construction, urban management and society.
08 航空“雙樞紐” Two aviation hubs
即首都國際機場和大興國際機場。2019年9月25日,大興國際機場正式通航,正式形成北京“一市兩場”航空雙樞紐發(fā)展格局。
These refer to Beijing Daxing International Airport, which opened on September 25th, 2019, and Beijing Capital International Airport. Beijing is now a city with two aviation hubs.
09 多網(wǎng)融合 Integration of transit networks
即在持續(xù)推進城市軌道交通、市郊鐵路、城際鐵路、干線鐵路四網(wǎng)融合的基礎(chǔ)上,強化軌道交通與地面公交、自行車和步行等各種出行方式的融合銜接,提升接駁換乘便利度,實現(xiàn)軌道網(wǎng)、公交網(wǎng)和慢行網(wǎng)等多網(wǎng)融合發(fā)展。
As it continues its efforts to integrate urban and suburban rail services, intercity rail links and trunk railways, Beijing is also working on better connections between rail and other modes of transportation, such as bus services, cycling routes and pedestrian facilities. Such an integration makes it easier for travelers to change between different means of transportation, using a system of multiple transit networks that include rail, bus and slow traffic facilities.
10 軌道微中心 Transit-centered communities
通過科學(xué)配置交通與空間資源,規(guī)劃引導(dǎo)人口、城市功能和建設(shè)指標(biāo)向站點周邊合理布局和集聚,鼓勵站點周邊一體化區(qū)域優(yōu)先實施土地整理和供應(yīng),在軌道站點周邊形成一批活力共享、復(fù)合多元、高效集約、便捷出行、宜居宜業(yè)的城市空間。
Based on well-planned transportation networks and spatial organization, Beijing will develop a number of vibrant, mixed-use and compact communities centered around rail and subway stations. With complete facilities and services, these developments will be desirable places to live and work, with easy access to public transportation. They will be given priority for construction permits and land use.
11 京辦、京通、京智 Jingban, Jingtong and Jingzhi mobile terminals
京辦即全市綜合辦公平臺,是面向市區(qū)街居四級的協(xié)同辦公平臺,是政務(wù)辦公的統(tǒng)一入口,為全市各級政務(wù)工作人員提供協(xié)同辦公服務(wù)。京通即全市統(tǒng)一公眾服務(wù)平臺,面向個人及法人用戶,全面匯聚北京移動端政務(wù)、公共服務(wù),實現(xiàn)線上線下聯(lián)動的一體化統(tǒng)一服務(wù),提供直達個人和企業(yè)的移動端服務(wù)。京智即全市統(tǒng)一的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)決策指揮應(yīng)用綜合服務(wù)平臺。依托領(lǐng)導(dǎo)駕駛艙接入、整合和管理各級決策指揮類應(yīng)用,向各級部門提供決策輔助;匯聚整合全市各級決策服務(wù)數(shù)據(jù),為各級決策指揮類應(yīng)用建設(shè)賦能,提升政府決策效能。
Jingban is an inter-agency office platform that serves as a unified work portal for government staff at the municipal, district, sub-district and community levels.
Jingtong is the city’s unified public service platform that coordinates online and offline services, and provides direct government and public services to individuals and businesses.
Jingzhi is a comprehensive service platform that combines and manages different categories of apps for decision-making, designed to facilitate informed decision-making of authorities at all levels. It also pools data across the city to bolster the development of such apps and improve the efficacy of government decision-making.
12 “七通一平”數(shù)字底座 Digital infrastructure for a smart city
即城市碼、空間圖、基礎(chǔ)工具庫、算力設(shè)施、感知體系、通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)、政務(wù)云以及大數(shù)據(jù)平臺(簡稱:一碼、一圖、一庫、一算、一感、一網(wǎng)、一云、一平),是智慧城市建設(shè)中相互貫通的共性基礎(chǔ)平臺設(shè)施。通過“一圖、一碼、一感”和“一平”建立數(shù)據(jù)供給能力,通過“一云、一網(wǎng)”夯實數(shù)據(jù)承載能力,通過“一算、一庫”提升數(shù)據(jù)智慧應(yīng)用能力,綜合集成向全市提供集約化、安全化、智慧化的共性資源和服務(wù),全面推動數(shù)字化“全市一盤棋”協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。
This digital infrastructure consists of seven components, namely, the city QR code, spatial layout maps, basic toolkit, computing resources, sensing systems, telecommunications, and government cloud, plus a big data platform. They combine to form a shared and interconnected foundation platform to make Beijing a smart city.
The city QR code, spatial layout maps, sensing systems and the big data platform ensure full data supply; the government cloud and telecommunication networks offer strong data carrying capacity, while computing resources and the basic toolkit improve the smart application of such data. Together they provide the city with comprehensive resources and services that are efficient, safe and smart, under one uniform system to digitize all areas of city management.
13 “一微克”行動
The “every microgram counts” initiative
是一項針對北京大氣污染防治的長期任務(wù),強調(diào)細顆粒物治理要一個微克一個微克去摳,綜合運用科技、執(zhí)法、管理等手段,實施大氣污染精準(zhǔn)治理。
This is a long-term initiative for controlling Beijing’s air pollution. It uses a combination of targeted measures to achieve its purpose, including technology, enforcement and compliance, and management measures. Under this initiative, each and every microgram of emission reduction counts.
14 局處長走流程 Responsible officials experiencing their own services
即局處級干部以企業(yè)和辦事群眾的身份,線上、線下全程體驗業(yè)務(wù)辦事流程,以群眾“懂不懂”、流程“通不通”、體驗“好不好”為標(biāo)尺,深入查找經(jīng)辦服務(wù)中的痛點堵點,通過打通政策落地“最后一公里”、優(yōu)化政策制定“最初一公里”,推動政策服務(wù)切實落地落實落細。
This is a practice wherein government officials at the levels of director-general and division director, acting as private citizens or business representatives, go through the process of obtaining public services or conducting official business both online and off. The practice is used to determine whether the processes are “easy to understand” and “accessible”, and whether the experience is “satisfactory”.
This is an attempt to deal with the “l(fā)ast mile” in policy implementation and improve effectiveness at the “front end” of the policy-making process. It helps deliver practical and quality services to the people with attention paid to details.
15 “6+4”一體化綜合監(jiān)管體系 The “6+4” regulatory system
即探索實施風(fēng)險監(jiān)管、信用監(jiān)管、分級分類監(jiān)管、協(xié)同監(jiān)管、科技監(jiān)管、共治監(jiān)管等6項基本制度,在多部門監(jiān)管場景中試點推行“一業(yè)一冊”、“一業(yè)一單”、“一業(yè)一查”、“一業(yè)一評”等4項場景化措施。
The “6+4” regulatory system refers to six basic regulatory mechanisms: risk monitoring, credit supervision, tiered and industry specific supervision, collaborative supervision, technology-based monitoring and joint supervision by regulators and the public. A “four ones” system has been introduced in the pilot program for supervision involving multiple agencies: one regulatory compliance manual, one checklist, one consolidated inspection and one credit and risk assessment for each industry.
16 服務(wù)包 Service packages
是北京市優(yōu)化營商環(huán)境、服務(wù)企業(yè)發(fā)展的一項工作制度。根據(jù)企業(yè)定位提供普惠性政策集成,解決信息不對稱問題;并針對企業(yè)發(fā)展中需要協(xié)調(diào)幫助的困難,依法依規(guī)量身定制解決方案。
These are services provided by Beijing to improve the city’s business environment and serve the needs of businesses. The packages include a combination of preferential policies which suit the businesses’ positioning, which are designed to overcome information asymmetry, and which, within the framework of laws and regulations, offer tailor-made solutions for their difficulties.
17 告知承諾制 The notification and compliance requirement
即有關(guān)政府部門一次性公布告知申請人所申請事項的辦理條件、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、技術(shù)要求、所需材料,申請人以書面(含電子文本)形式承諾其符合辦理條件,并承擔(dān)相應(yīng)違反承諾的后果,有關(guān)政府部門直接作出同意決定的方式。
This requires departments in charge of administrative approvals to notify applicants in one go of the conditions, standards and technical requirements to be met, documents to be submitted and legal responsibilities to be fulfilled.
If an applicant pledges in written form (including e-text) to meet all the criteria, to assume full responsibility for any violations, and to bear any consequences of false representation, then the application is approved on the spot.
18 無感審批 Smart review and approval system (SRAS)
無感審批是指通過語音識別、人臉識別等技術(shù),強化身份認(rèn)證、智能授權(quán)、自動填表等功能,企業(yè)群眾無需出示證件、無需填寫表單就能拿到審批文件,實現(xiàn)“無感”審批、“省心”辦事。
北京市已在城市副中心建成智能政務(wù)服務(wù)大廳,建立以區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)為支撐的政務(wù)信息資源共享和業(yè)務(wù)協(xié)同機制,開展“秒批”、“無感審批”等智能場景應(yīng)用,實現(xiàn)更多事項全程網(wǎng)辦或智能辦事終端辦理。
The SRAS is an online application, review and approval system. It uses speech recognition, facial recognition, and other artificial intelligence technologies for identity authentication, smart authorization, automatic form filling, and other functions.
Through the SRAS, businesses or individuals that apply for authorization or registration can obtain approvals without having to provide physical identity documents or fill out any forms. It reduces the paperwork involved, thus simplifying the application process.
Beijing has opened at the Municipal Administrative Center a smart government service center and launched a block chain-based platform,enabling government information and resources sharing and collaborative work.This allows government departments and agencies to handle applications “within seconds”, all via online portals or intelligent terminals.
19 監(jiān)管沙盒 Regulatory sandbox
監(jiān)管沙盒作為一個受監(jiān)督的安全測試區(qū),對在“箱子”里的企業(yè),由監(jiān)管部門采取包容審慎的監(jiān)管措施,在可控的范圍之內(nèi)實行容錯糾錯,對運行過程進行全程監(jiān)管。企業(yè)在真實的市場環(huán)境中測試創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品、服務(wù)和商業(yè)模式,有助于減少創(chuàng)新理念進入市場的時間與潛在成本和監(jiān)管的不確定性。2019年北京市獲國務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)探索“監(jiān)管沙盒”機制,并率先在全國開展金融科技創(chuàng)新監(jiān)管試點。
A regulatory sandbox is a controlled “box” or environment under a regulator’s close oversight that allows experiments with new business forms and models. The regulators adopt a tolerant and prudent approach to problems that may arise in the “sandbox”. This enables a fault-tolerant and error-correcting mechanism to be applied within a manageable range.
It allows businesses to experiment with new products, services and models in a real market environment, cut costs and shorten their time to market. In 2019, Beijing received State Council approval for its pilot regulatory sandbox proposal, and was the first in China to use it on fintech.
20 兩個“關(guān)鍵小事” Two important “minor” details
即垃圾分類和物業(yè)管理,是近年來北京市提升市民生活質(zhì)量和城市精細化治理能力的重要抓手。
These are waste sorting and property management, which have in recent years become the focus of government efforts to improve the life of the people through meticulous municipal management.
21 每月一題 “One issue per month”
即接訴即辦“每月一題”機制,2021年起,北京市從上年度12345熱線市民訴求中篩選出基層和市民普遍反映突出、長期解決不好、適合在市級層面制定新政策統(tǒng)籌解決的問題,采取高位推動、每月調(diào)度、重點督辦的方式,每月圍繞1個主題、選取2-3個具體問題,每個問題由一位分管市領(lǐng)導(dǎo)統(tǒng)籌、一個部門牽頭負主責(zé),相關(guān)單位協(xié)同配合,積極推動問題解決,提升群眾的獲得感。
This is a mechanism for dealing with public complaints. In 2021, Beijing began to select thorny chronic issues that call for municipal-level policies and coordination from among public complaints made via the “12345” hotline in the previous year.
Each month, one such issue with two to three specific problems is addressed through action initiatives, deployment planning and focused supervision. For each issue, a lead department works under a municipal leader responsible for coordinating cross-departmental efforts, in order to solve the issue to the public’s satisfaction.
22 時間銀行 Time banking
即以時間銀行模式發(fā)展為老公益志愿服務(wù),主要包括構(gòu)建市、區(qū)、街道(鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn))三級養(yǎng)老服務(wù)時間銀行管理體系,統(tǒng)一搭建養(yǎng)老服務(wù)時間銀行信息管理平臺,規(guī)范制定養(yǎng)老志愿服務(wù)實施流程。時間銀行以1個小時為一個服務(wù)時間單位,以時間幣的方式進行記錄儲蓄。志愿者在本人或其配偶達到60周歲且有服務(wù)需求時,通過時間幣進行兌換,可享受其他志愿者提供的養(yǎng)老志愿服務(wù)。
Time banking is a mode of voluntary service for the benefit of senior citizens. Beijing will develop a three-tiered time banking system for elder care at the city, district, and sub-district /township levels. For this purpose, it will put in place an integrated information platform and standard procedures.
Time banking uses one hour as a service time unit and records savings in the form of time coins. When volunteers or their spouses who have reached the age of 60 need care services, they may redeem services from other volunteers with their previously credited service hours in the Time Bank.
23 一抓三保五強化 One focus on employment with three priorities and five measures
是北京市推動實現(xiàn)更加充分更高質(zhì)量就業(yè)的綜合舉措,“一抓”即堅持把就業(yè)體系運行機制建設(shè),作為落實就業(yè)優(yōu)先戰(zhàn)略的重要抓手;“三?!奔词冀K把保障重點群體就業(yè),保障中小微企業(yè)發(fā)展,保障創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)作為穩(wěn)保就業(yè)的基礎(chǔ)、守住底線的關(guān)鍵,加大政策和資金支持力度;“五強化”即強化政策系統(tǒng)性、服務(wù)便利性、市場主導(dǎo)性、培訓(xùn)實效性、執(zhí)法針對性。該做法作為典型經(jīng)驗受到國務(wù)院辦公廳表揚。
This is a package of policy measures aimed at fuller and higher-quality employment. Their focus is on improving operations of the employment system, which is key to our employment strategy.
The three priorities are ensuring employment access for priority groups, providing development opportunities for SMEs, and encouraging and promoting innovation and entrepreneurship. These are critical measures that hold the line on employment. Policy and financial support for these measures will be increased. The five measures are efforts to formulate more consistent policies, make services more easily accessible, give the market a greater role, offer more effective training, and improve law enforcement.
This approach was cited as a best practice by the General Office of the State Council.
24 朱雀計劃 The Zhuque Plan
即朱雀人才——科技項目經(jīng)理人計劃,主要引進培養(yǎng)一批具有科學(xué)家思維、工程師技能,擁有創(chuàng)新資源調(diào)配能力的高端項目管理人才,主要服務(wù)于國家實驗室、新型研發(fā)機構(gòu)等重點科研機構(gòu)和“三城一區(qū)”等重點區(qū)域建設(shè)。
Zhuque is a legendary Chinese bird which symbolizes talent. The Zhuque Plan is a talent recruitment program for sci-tech project managers. It aims to attract and develop high-caliber project managers who understand scientists’ needs, possess engineering skills and are able to mobilize resources for innovation. They will work at important research institutes including national laboratories and new- type R&D institutions, as well as in key development areas such as the “three science cities and one hi-tech area”.
25 “三校一院”交鑰匙項目 Turn-key projects of “three schools and one hospital”
北京市采取“交鑰匙”工程方式,在雄安新區(qū)建設(shè)高水平幼兒園、小學(xué)、完全中學(xué)、綜合醫(yī)院各1所,北京市負責(zé)投資建設(shè),建成后移交雄安新區(qū),由雄安新區(qū)委托北京市一流的教育集團、醫(yī)療集團進行管理?!叭R辉骸苯昏€匙項目分別由北京市北海幼兒園、史家胡同小學(xué)、北京四中、宣武醫(yī)院提供辦學(xué)辦醫(yī)支持。
These projects including a kindergarten, a primary school, a secondary school and a general hospital are financed and built by Beijing. Upon completion, they will be transferred to the jurisdiction of Xiong'an New Area, which will then invite first-class education and medical groups from Beijing to operate them: Beijing Beihai Kindergarten, Shijia Hutong Primary School, Beijing No. 4 High School and Xuanwu Hospital.
26 一村一室 One clinic per village
即每個行政村設(shè)置一個衛(wèi)生室(站)。為優(yōu)化資源配置,加強農(nóng)村衛(wèi)生服務(wù),北京市于2021年在650個無醫(yī)療機構(gòu)的行政村建設(shè)村衛(wèi)生室(社區(qū)衛(wèi)生站),全面補齊“一村一室”建設(shè)短板。
This initiative aims to deliver better health service in the rural areas of Beijing with improved allocation of medical resources. In 2021, clinics were built in 650 villages which previously had no medical facilities, thus ensuring a clinic in every administrative village.
27 漫步北京 Roaming Beijing
為引導(dǎo)市民和游客有序旅游、促進文旅消費,北京市于2020年啟動“漫步北京”都市休閑游品牌計劃。兩年來,圍繞北京四季特點、傳統(tǒng)節(jié)假日、中軸線申遺、北京建筑文化、慢行交通系統(tǒng)、城市更新復(fù)興等主題,推出了幾十條休閑旅游線路,逐步成為市民和游客深度感知北京的出行新指南。
In 2020, Beijing launched “Roaming Beijing”, a citywide project to promote leisure activities and tourism for both residents and visitors. Over the last two years, Beijing has rolled out dozens of tourist routes, both vehicular and pedestrian. These take into account seasonal changes and traditional holidays, follow the “Central Axis” through the city that is now applying for UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Site status, and showcase Beijing’s traditional architecture and modern locations. “Roaming Beijing” has become a new way for both residents and tourists to explore the city in depth.
28 雙奧之城 The "Dual Olympics City"
The Summer and Winter Olympics City
“雙奧之城”指既舉辦過夏季奧運會又舉辦過冬季奧運會的城市。繼2008年夏奧會之后,2022年冬奧會成功舉辦,北京成為世界上首座“雙奧之城”。
This refers to Beijing being the only city in the world to date to have hosted both the Summer Olympics (2008) and the Winter Olympics (2022).