中國交通的可持續(xù)發(fā)展
Sustainable Development of Transport in China
中華人民共和國國務(wù)院新聞辦公室
The State Council Information Office of the People’s Republic of China
2020年12月
December 2020
目錄
Contents
前言
Preface
一、走新時代交通發(fā)展之路
I. A New Path for Transport in the New Era
二、從交通大國向交通強國邁進(jìn)
II. China’s Growing Strength in Transport
三、服務(wù)決戰(zhàn)脫貧攻堅和決勝全面小康
III. A Key to Poverty Alleviation and Moderate Prosperity
四、推進(jìn)交通治理現(xiàn)代化
IV. Modernization of Transport Governance
五、推動構(gòu)建全球交通命運共同體
V. Building a Global Community of Transport for All
六、中國交通的未來展望
VI. Future Prospects for China’s Transport
結(jié)束語
Conclusion
前言
Preface
交通運輸是國民經(jīng)濟(jì)中基礎(chǔ)性、先導(dǎo)性、戰(zhàn)略性產(chǎn)業(yè)和重要的服務(wù)性行業(yè)，是可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要支撐。
Transport is an important service industry – a basic, leading and strategic sector of the economy underpinning sustainable development.
新中國成立以來特別是改革開放以來，在中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，中國的交通運輸秉持與經(jīng)濟(jì)社會協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展、與自然生態(tài)和諧共生的理念，以建設(shè)人民滿意交通為目標(biāo)，自立自強，艱苦奮斗，取得了舉世矚目的發(fā)展成就，從根本上改變了基礎(chǔ)薄弱、整體落后的面貌，為經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展提供了有力保障，走出了一條中國特色交通發(fā)展之路。
Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, and particularly since the beginning of reform and opening up in 1978, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), China has followed a strategy of coordinating the development of its transport industry with its economy and society, and ensuring harmony between the transport system and the natural environment. Based on a self-reliant approach, China has made a great effort to create a transport industry that fully responds to public needs. Remarkable results have been achieved, and a once-backward transport industry with a weak base has been hugely improved, providing strong support for economic and social development and creating an outstanding transport system with Chinese characteristics.
中共十八大以來，在習(xí)近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想指引下，中國交通發(fā)展取得歷史性成就、發(fā)生歷史性變革，進(jìn)入基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施發(fā)展、服務(wù)水平提高和轉(zhuǎn)型發(fā)展的黃金時期，進(jìn)入高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的新時代。基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)模居世界前列，運輸服務(wù)保障能力不斷提升，科技創(chuàng)新能力顯著增強，行業(yè)治理現(xiàn)代化水平大幅躍升，人民高品質(zhì)出行需求得到更好滿足，中國加快向交通強國邁進(jìn)。
Since the 18th CPC National Congress held in November 2012, under the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, China has made historic progress in its transport system. The industry has entered a golden period characterized by infrastructure improvements, better services, and high-quality transformation and development. China leads the world in terms of the scale of its transport infrastructure. Its transport service and support capacity has steadily improved, its capacity for technological innovation has markedly strengthened, and the modernization of management has made huge steps forward in this sector. As a result, the public now enjoys higher-quality travel experiences, and China is on the way to becoming a world leader in transport.
當(dāng)今世界正經(jīng)歷百年未有之大變局，各國的前途命運從未像現(xiàn)在這樣緊密相連，交通對于加強互聯(lián)互通、促進(jìn)民心相通日益重要。作為負(fù)責(zé)任大國，中國認(rèn)真落實聯(lián)合國2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程，積極參與全球交通治理，加強國際交流與合作，為促進(jìn)全球可持續(xù)發(fā)展、推動構(gòu)建人類命運共同體貢獻(xiàn)中國智慧、中國力量。
The world today is undergoing levels of change unseen in a century, and the future of all countries is linked in ways that are unprecedented. In this context, the role of transport in enhancing connectivity and people-to-people bonds is growing in importance. As a major country that shoulders its responsibilities, China is committed to implementing the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. It takes an active part in global transport governance, and looks to strengthen international exchanges and cooperation, so as to contribute Chinese wisdom and strength to sustainable development throughout the world and help to build a global community of shared future.
為全面介紹新時代中國交通發(fā)展成就，分享中國交通可持續(xù)發(fā)展的理念和實踐，增進(jìn)國際社會認(rèn)識和了解，特發(fā)布本白皮書。
The Chinese government is publishing this white paper to provide a full picture of China’s achievements in the field of transport, and to share with the international community China’s strategy and activities in building a sustainable transport system.
一、走新時代交通發(fā)展之路
I. A New Path for Transport in the New Era
中國交通積極適應(yīng)新的形勢要求，堅持對內(nèi)服務(wù)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展、對外服務(wù)高水平開放，把握基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施發(fā)展、服務(wù)水平提高和轉(zhuǎn)型發(fā)展的黃金時期，著力推進(jìn)綜合交通、智慧交通、平安交通、綠色交通建設(shè)，走新時代交通發(fā)展之路。
China’s transport industry has followed a new path to keep up with the new development dynamic, serving high-quality domestic development and high-standard opening up. China is taking advantage of a period of golden opportunities to improve infrastructure, upgrade services and make transformation in order to build a comprehensive transport system that is intelligent, safe, and green.
（一）以建設(shè)人民滿意交通為目標(biāo)
1. Building the Transport System That the People Need
為了人民、依靠人民、服務(wù)人民，是中國交通發(fā)展的初心和使命。新時代的中國交通，秉持人民至上、以人為本的發(fā)展理念，堅持人民共建共治共享，建設(shè)人民滿意交通。
China is committed to satisfying public needs and serving public interest in developing its transport industry. In the new era, China adheres to a people-centered approach to governing and developing the sector based on public collaboration and participation for the benefit of all. It is dedicated to building the transport system that the people need.
——人民交通靠人民。堅持人民主體地位，著力解決人民最關(guān)心、最直接、最現(xiàn)實的交通發(fā)展問題，充分調(diào)動人民的積極性主動性創(chuàng)造性，鼓勵社會公眾參與交通治理，依靠人民辦好交通。
– Public participation. China must concentrate its efforts on solving the most pressing, immediate transport issues that concern the people the most, encourage them to become involved in the governance of transport, and boost their initiative and creativity.
——人民交通由人民共享。統(tǒng)籌公平和效率，堅持普惠性、?；尽⒕然?、可持續(xù)方向，大力推進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)基本公共服務(wù)均等化，保障城鄉(xiāng)居民行有所乘，讓人民共享交通發(fā)展成果。
– Benefit for all. China should guarantee equitable and efficient access to basic public services in urban and rural areas, and ensure that transport development is sustainable and beneficial to all.
——人民交通讓人民滿意。以人民滿意為根本評判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，聚焦新時代人民對交通的新期待，深化供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革，推動交通運輸高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，不斷滿足不同群體的交通運輸需求，不斷提升人民的獲得感、幸福感、安全感。
– People-centered development. Public satisfaction is the ultimate criterion for evaluating government work. In the light of public expectations in the new era, China focuses on building a high-quality transport industry through supply-side structural reform, meeting the transport needs of diverse groups, and bringing the people a stronger sense of gain, happiness and security.
（二）以當(dāng)好發(fā)展“先行官”為定位
2. Leading Economic Development
經(jīng)濟(jì)要發(fā)展，國家要強大，交通要先強起來。把交通運輸作為經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展的“先行官”，堅持先行引導(dǎo)、適度超前原則，保持一定發(fā)展速度，為經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展提供堅實基礎(chǔ)和有力保障。
A nation and its economy can only be strong when its transport system is well-developed. Transport plays a leading role in economic and social development. China ensures that it can play this role to the full by always planning for the future and maintaining an appropriate pace of growth.
——措施上優(yōu)先部署。實施京津冀協(xié)同發(fā)展、長江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶發(fā)展、長三角一體化發(fā)展、粵港澳大灣區(qū)建設(shè)等區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，推進(jìn)脫貧攻堅、鄉(xiāng)村振興、新型城鎮(zhèn)化等重大決策部署，把交通運輸作為先行領(lǐng)域重點部署、優(yōu)先保障。
– Priority in planning. Priority has been given to transport when implementing strategies for coordinated regional development, including the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and when facilitating major programs such as poverty eradication, rural revitalization, and new urbanization.
——能力上適度超前。適應(yīng)新型工業(yè)化、信息化、城鎮(zhèn)化和農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展要求，以加快建設(shè)綜合立體交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)為目標(biāo)，以綜合交通運輸規(guī)劃編制為抓手，適度超前布局交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，支撐經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展，為未來發(fā)展留足空間。
– Future-oriented planning. In formulating comprehensive transport plans, and in building a comprehensive and multidimensional transport network, China has adopted future-oriented plans for infrastructure construction to accommodate new industrialization, information technology, urbanization, and agricultural modernization. The goal is to bolster economic and social development now and in the future.
——作用上先行引領(lǐng)。充分發(fā)揮交通運輸在國土空間開發(fā)、產(chǎn)業(yè)梯度轉(zhuǎn)移、城鎮(zhèn)布局優(yōu)化、經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易交流中的先導(dǎo)作用，發(fā)揮互聯(lián)網(wǎng)新業(yè)態(tài)在培育經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展新動能中的引領(lǐng)作用，促進(jìn)新經(jīng)濟(jì)形態(tài)加速崛起。
– The leading role of transport. Transport should play a key role in making the best use of land, facilitating cross-region industrial transfer, improving the spatial layout of urban areas, and promoting economic exchanges and trade. China gives full play to the leading role of new internet-based transport business forms in fostering driving forces for economic development and accelerating the rise of new forms of economic activity.
（三）以新發(fā)展理念為引領(lǐng)
3. New Development Philosophy as Guide
貫徹創(chuàng)新、協(xié)調(diào)、綠色、開放、共享的新發(fā)展理念，是新時代中國交通發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵。以新發(fā)展理念引領(lǐng)交通高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，更新觀念，轉(zhuǎn)變方式，破解難題，厚植優(yōu)勢。
Implementing the vision of innovative, coordinated, green, open, and shared development is the key to developing China’s transport industry in the new era. China works to steer the future of transport with the new development philosophy, updating concepts, adopting new approaches, resolving difficulties and boosting strengths.
——建設(shè)安全、便捷、高效、綠色、經(jīng)濟(jì)的現(xiàn)代化綜合交通運輸體系。打造高品質(zhì)的快速交通網(wǎng)、高效率的普通干線網(wǎng)、廣覆蓋的基礎(chǔ)服務(wù)網(wǎng)，加快形成立體互聯(lián)的綜合交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)化格局和橫貫東西、縱貫?zāi)媳?、?nèi)暢外通的綜合交通主骨架。
– Building a modern comprehensive transport system that is safe, convenient, efficient, green and economical. China aims to build a high-quality rapid transit network, an efficient regular artery network, and an extensive basic service network. China is moving faster in building a comprehensive and multidimensional and interconnected transport network that traverses the whole country and connects it to the world.
——推動交通運輸供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革。降低交通運輸結(jié)構(gòu)性、制度性、技術(shù)性、管理性、服務(wù)性成本，促進(jìn)物流業(yè)“降本增效”，更好發(fā)揮交通運輸在物流業(yè)發(fā)展中的基礎(chǔ)和主體作用。
– Advancing supply-side structural reform in transport. China reduces the structural, institutional, technical, administrative, and service costs of transport, helps logistics industry to reduce costs and increase efficiency, so that transport can play the principal role in boosting the development of the logistics industry.
——優(yōu)化營商環(huán)境。加強法治政府建設(shè)，合理劃分交通運輸領(lǐng)域中央與地方財政事權(quán)和支出責(zé)任，推進(jìn)簡政放權(quán)、加強管理、優(yōu)化服務(wù)，健全完善以信用為基礎(chǔ)的新型監(jiān)管機制，提升營商環(huán)境的國際化、法治化、市場化水平。
– Improving the business environment. In promoting law-based governance of the country, China properly defines the fiscal powers of the central and local governments in the field of transport and their responsibilities for expenditure, further streamlines administration and delegates powers, strengthens regulation, and provides better services to the transport industry. Efforts have been made to build a new supervision mechanism based on credit, and provide a business environment that is based on market principles, governed by the rule of law, and aligned with international standards.
——增強發(fā)展動能。鼓勵和規(guī)范交通新業(yè)態(tài)發(fā)展，加快推動新舊動能轉(zhuǎn)換，建立多層次、可選擇、多元化的運輸服務(wù)體系，提高交通服務(wù)水平。
– Strengthening drivers of development. China encourages and regulates new forms of business in the transport industry, accelerates the transformation of growth drivers, and strives to establish a multilevel transport service system offering high quality and diverse options.
（四）以改革開放為動力
4. Reform and Opening Up as a Driving Force
深化改革、擴(kuò)大開放是交通運輸發(fā)展行穩(wěn)致遠(yuǎn)的強大動力。堅持社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)改革方向，把“有效市場”和“有為政府”更好結(jié)合起來，進(jìn)一步解放和發(fā)展交通運輸生產(chǎn)力。
Further reform and opening up provides a powerful driving force for steady progress in the transport industry. China perseveres with its reform to build the socialist market economy, and creates stronger synergy between a well-functioning market and an enabling government, so as to unleash the productivity of the transport industry.
——堅持市場化改革。充分發(fā)揮市場在資源配置中的決定性作用，更好發(fā)揮政府作用，放開交通運輸市場，推進(jìn)質(zhì)量變革、效率變革、動力變革，著力依靠市場解決發(fā)展不充分的問題，更好發(fā)揮政府作用解決發(fā)展不平衡的問題，不斷完善交通運輸市場體系，釋放交通運輸活力。
– Making the transport industry more market-oriented. China ensures that the market plays the decisive role in resource allocation, and that the government plays its role better. The state has lifted restrictions on access to the transport market and is promoting changes for higher quality, efficiency and impetus. It is crucial to rely on the market to tackle insufficient development while better playing the role of the government in addressing unbalanced development, so as to improve the transport market and increase the vitality of the transport industry.
——堅持高水平開放。打開國門搞建設(shè)，積極推進(jìn)交通運輸“走出去”“請進(jìn)來”，以服務(wù)共建“一帶一路”為重點，著力推動陸上、海上、天上、網(wǎng)上“四位一體”聯(lián)通和政策、規(guī)則、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)“三位一體”聯(lián)通，提升與其他國家互聯(lián)互通水平和國際運輸便利化水平。
– Pursuing high-standard opening up. China pursues development with its doors open wide and encourages “bringing in” and “going global” in transport development. Focusing on facilitating cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative, China makes great efforts to promote land, sea, air and cyber connectivity, and coordination of policies, rules and standards, so as to ensure higher-level connectivity with other countries and facilitate international transport.
（五）以創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動為支撐
5. Innovation as Support
創(chuàng)新是交通運輸發(fā)展的動力源泉。把創(chuàng)新作為推動發(fā)展的第一動力，以科技創(chuàng)新為牽引，大力推進(jìn)管理創(chuàng)新、制度創(chuàng)新、文化創(chuàng)新，完善創(chuàng)新體系，優(yōu)化創(chuàng)新環(huán)境，強化人才支撐。
Innovation is a prime mover in transport development. With technological innovation as a locomotive, China promotes innovation in management, institutions and culture, improves its innovation system and environment, and optimizes its human resources in support of the transport industry.
——以基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建養(yǎng)技術(shù)迭代升級增強交通運輸系統(tǒng)韌性，增強交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施抵御災(zāi)害與預(yù)警監(jiān)測能力，提升高速鐵路、高速公路、特大橋隧、深水筑港、大型機場工程等建造技術(shù)水平。
– Increasing the durability of the transport system through upgrading infrastructure construction and maintenance technologies. China strengthens the disaster-resistance, early warning and monitoring capacity of its transport infrastructure, and improves its engineering technologies for high-speed rail, expressways, mega bridges and tunnels, deep-water ports, large airports and other projects.
——以智慧交通建設(shè)推進(jìn)數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)、共享型經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展，推動模式、業(yè)態(tài)、產(chǎn)品、服務(wù)等聯(lián)動創(chuàng)新，提高綜合交通運輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)效率，構(gòu)筑新型交通生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。
– Advancing the digital economy and the sharing economy through developing intelligent transport. China fosters a new transport system by promoting coordinated innovation in business models and forms, products, and services, and improving the efficiency of comprehensive transport networks.
——以數(shù)字化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化、智能化、綠色化技術(shù)的發(fā)展，拓展交通運輸高質(zhì)量發(fā)展空間，抓住全球新一輪科技革命和產(chǎn)業(yè)變革催生新技術(shù)新模式新業(yè)態(tài)的歷史機遇，推動交通運輸可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
– Raising the quality of the transport industry through digital, internet-based, intelligent and green technologies. China endeavors to seize the historic opportunities provided by a new round of global technological revolution and industrial transformation, and use new technologies and new business models and forms to promote sustainable development of its transport industry.
二、從交通大國向交通強國邁進(jìn)
II. China’s Growing Strength in Transport
進(jìn)入新時代，中國交通駛?cè)敫哔|(zhì)量發(fā)展的快車道，基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)日新月異，運輸服務(wù)能力、品質(zhì)和效率大幅提升，科技支撐更加有力，人民出行更加便捷，貨物運輸更加高效，中國正在從交通大國向交通強國邁進(jìn)。
In the new era, China is accelerating the high-quality development of its transport industry – it is seeing consistent progress in infrastructure construction, marked improvements in transport capacity, quality and efficiency, stronger technological support, greater accessibility and convenience, and more efficient freight transport. China is building up its strength in transport.
（一）基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施從“連線成片”到“基本成網(wǎng)”
1. Creating a Comprehensive Infrastructure Network
牢牢把握交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施優(yōu)化布局、加速成網(wǎng)的重要機遇期，深入推進(jìn)交通供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革，一大批綜合客運、貨運樞紐投入運營，綜合交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)模和質(zhì)量實現(xiàn)躍升，覆蓋廣度和通達(dá)深度不斷提升。
China has taken advantage of a key window of opportunity to optimize the configuration of transport infrastructure and build it into a comprehensive network. The country has advanced supply-side structural reform in transport by bringing into service a group of passenger and freight hubs. The scale, quality and coverage of the comprehensive transport network have been significantly increased.
綜合交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施基本實現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)化。截至2019年底，全國鐵路營業(yè)里程達(dá)到13.9萬公里，其中高速鐵路營業(yè)里程超過3.5萬公里；全國公路里程達(dá)到501.3萬公里，其中高速公路里程15萬公里；擁有生產(chǎn)性碼頭泊位2.3萬個，其中萬噸級及以上泊位數(shù)量2520個；內(nèi)河航道通航里程12.7萬公里；民用航空頒證運輸機場238個；全國油氣長輸管道總里程達(dá)到15.6萬公里，互聯(lián)互通程度明顯加強；郵路和快遞服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)總長度（單程）4085.9萬公里，實現(xiàn)鄉(xiāng)鄉(xiāng)設(shè)所、村村通郵。綜合立體交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)初步形成，有力支撐了經(jīng)濟(jì)社會持續(xù)快速健康發(fā)展。
Forming a basic network for comprehensive transport infrastructure. By the end of 2019, China had a total of 139,000 km of rail track, of which high-speed lines represented 35,000 km, and a total of more than 5 million km of highways, of which expressways represented 150,000 km. The country had 23,000 operative berths, including 2,520 berths of 10,000-tonne-class or above, and 127,000 km of navigable inland waterways. There were 238 certified civil airports throughout the country. The long-distance oil and gas pipelines totaled 156,000 km with better connections achieved. The total network length of postal and express delivery services approximated 41 million km; every township had a post office and every village was provided with postal services. A comprehensive and multidimensional transport network has been put in place to give strong support to the sustained, rapid and healthy development of society and the economy.
綜合運輸大通道基本貫通。著力加強綜合運輸大通道建設(shè)，進(jìn)一步打通國家運輸大動脈，有力保障國土和能源安全，強化區(qū)域間政治經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)系。加快建設(shè)“十縱十橫”綜合運輸大通道，依托京滬、京廣、沿海、沿江等綜合運輸大通道，長三角、珠三角、環(huán)渤海等港口群和長江沿線港口形成的經(jīng)濟(jì)帶、城市群成為中國經(jīng)濟(jì)最具活力、人口最為密集的區(qū)域。上海到南京、上海到杭州高速通道沿線集聚了長三角三分之二的城市和約80%的經(jīng)濟(jì)總量?；浉郯拇鬄硡^(qū)形成了以高速鐵路、城際鐵路和高等級公路為主體的城際快速交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)。西氣東輸、川氣東送、海氣登陸以及陜京線等天然氣干線管輸系統(tǒng)不斷完善。煤炭物流通道布局更加合理，形成縱貫?zāi)媳?、東西的鐵路能源運輸大通道；糧食物流骨干通道全部打通，原糧散糧運輸、成品糧集裝化運輸比重大幅提高，糧食物流效率穩(wěn)步提升。區(qū)域間人員交流、物資流通日益便捷，橫貫東西、縱貫?zāi)媳?、?nèi)暢外通的綜合交通主骨架逐步形成。
Connecting the main transport corridors. The main transport corridors will be further expanded and connected to ensure China’s territorial and energy security, and strengthen economic and political connections between regions. The state has devised ten vertical and ten horizontal transport corridors. Economic belts and city clusters are thriving along the transport corridors between Beijing and Shanghai, between Beijing and Guangzhou, along the Yangtze River and the coastlines, and near the ports in the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta and along the Bohai Sea Rim. They are becoming the most economically dynamic and populous areas in the country. Two thirds of the cities and 80 percent of the GDP of the Yangtze River Delta are concentrated along the high-speed transport corridors between Shanghai and Nanjing, and between Shanghai and Hangzhou. A rapid intercity transport network featuring high-speed railways, intercity railways and high-grade highways has been put in place in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.
A trunk network of gas pipelines is improving with the capacity to transmit gas from west to east China, from Sichuan to east China and from Shaanxi to Beijing, and to bring gas from offshore. Coal logistics corridors are better configured, and a railway corridor for energy transport running across the country has taken shape. The main logistics corridors for grain have been connected, and the container volumes of unprocessed grain, bulk grain and refined grain have increased significantly, along with improved efficiency in grain logistics. Flow of people and goods is more convenient between regions. An open and comprehensive transport network that crosses the whole country and connects with the world has taken shape.
綜合交通樞紐建設(shè)步伐加快。深入推進(jìn)交通、物流、信息與經(jīng)濟(jì)社會深度融合，大力發(fā)展樞紐經(jīng)濟(jì)，積極培育經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展新動能。結(jié)合全國城鎮(zhèn)體系布局，打造北京、上海、廣州等國際性綜合交通樞紐，加快建設(shè)全國性、區(qū)域性綜合交通樞紐。通過規(guī)劃引領(lǐng)，強化一體化綜合客運樞紐站建設(shè)，北京大興、上海虹橋等一批綜合交通樞紐建成，實現(xiàn)了高鐵、城市客運、軌道交通、民航等交通方式的無縫對接。優(yōu)化貨運樞紐布局，推進(jìn)多式聯(lián)運型和干支銜接型貨運樞紐（物流園區(qū)）建設(shè)，上海洋山港、鄭州鐵路港等一批現(xiàn)代物流樞紐建成，提高了換裝水平，加快了多式聯(lián)運發(fā)展，有力推動了綜合交通運輸體系建設(shè)。不同運輸方式通過樞紐實現(xiàn)有機銜接，為優(yōu)化國家經(jīng)濟(jì)空間布局和構(gòu)建現(xiàn)代化經(jīng)濟(jì)體系提供了有力支撐。
Building integrated transport hubs. By giving full play to the hub economy and actively fostering new drivers of growth, China has promoted the integration of transport, logistics, and information with society and the economy. Considering the national urban configuration, the country has built international transport hubs in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, and created more transport hubs at national and regional levels. Highlighting the need for integrated transport terminals, a group of such projects have been completed, such as the Beijing Daxing and Shanghai Hongqiao hubs, integrating airport transport seamlessly with high-speed and standard rail, and urban passenger transport.
The configuration of freight terminals and logistics parks has been optimized for multimodal and multilevel transport. A number of modern logistics hubs, such as Yangshan Port in Shanghai and the railway inland port in Zhengzhou, have helped to improve the transshipment capacity, enhance multimodal transport, and create a comprehensive transport system. The integration of various transport methods at these hubs provides strong support for optimizing the economic structure and modernizing the economic system.
城市交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施體系化建設(shè)穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)。截至2019年年底，全國城市道路總長度45.9萬公里，人均道路面積17.36平方米，建成區(qū)路網(wǎng)密度達(dá)到6.65公里/平方公里，道路面積率達(dá)到13.19%。強化城市綜合交通體系規(guī)劃引領(lǐng)，加強內(nèi)部交通與對外交通有效銜接。樹立“窄馬路、密路網(wǎng)”的城市道路布局理念，建設(shè)快速路、主干路和次支路級配合理、適宜綠色出行的城市道路網(wǎng)絡(luò)。完善道路空間分配，充分保障綠色交通出行需求，規(guī)范設(shè)置道路交通安全設(shè)施和交通管理設(shè)施。開展人行道凈化專項行動，推動自行車專用道建設(shè)，切實改善綠色出行環(huán)境。
Strengthening systematic planning for urban transport infrastructure. By the end of 2019, the total length of urban roads across the country was 459,000 km, the road area per capita 17.36 sq m, the road network density in the urban built-up areas was 6.65 km/sq km and the road area ratio 13.19 percent. The government has strengthened planning for a comprehensive urban transport network and improved effective transport connections between cities and neighboring areas.
With a concept of “narrower roads and a denser network”, China has built an urban road network featuring a reasonable composition of expressways, arterial roads, sub-arterial roads and branch roads friendly to green travel. The transport authorities have improved road space allocation to fully ensure the needs of green travel and regulated the provision of traffic safety and management facilities. The country has carried out campaigns to clear up sidewalks and build bike paths to improve the environment for green travel.
（二）運輸服務(wù)從“走得了”到“走得好”
2. Optimizing Transport Capacity and Quality
全面提升交通運輸服務(wù)質(zhì)量，“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+交通”等新模式快速發(fā)展，多樣化、品質(zhì)化、均等化水平大幅提升，運輸服務(wù)實現(xiàn)“人便其行、貨暢其流”，通達(dá)性和保障性顯著增強。交通運輸對國家經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展的支撐顯著增強，促投資、促消費、穩(wěn)增長作用明顯。
China has made all-round improvements to the quality of transport. The rapid growth of Internet Plus Transport and other new business models has offered more equitable access to more diversified services of higher quality, facilitating the movement of people and goods, and strengthening the accessibility and support functions of transport. Transport is playing a stronger role in supporting the nation’s economic and social development, and in promoting investment, stimulating consumption, and sustaining growth.
貨物運輸服務(wù)保障能力不斷提升。中國是世界上運輸最繁忙的國家。面對日益增長的貨物運輸需求，加快多式聯(lián)運發(fā)展，創(chuàng)新公鐵聯(lián)運、空鐵聯(lián)運、鐵水聯(lián)運、江海聯(lián)運、水水中轉(zhuǎn)、滾裝聯(lián)運等高效運輸組織模式，開展鐵路運能提升、水運系統(tǒng)升級、公路貨運治理等專項行動，貨物運輸結(jié)構(gòu)持續(xù)優(yōu)化，綜合運輸效率不斷提高，物流成本逐步降低，交通運輸環(huán)境污染明顯減少，原油、成品油、天然氣管道建設(shè)不斷提速。鐵路運量占社會運輸總量比例不斷提升，“公轉(zhuǎn)鐵”行動取得突出成效。港口貨物吞吐量和集裝箱吞吐量均居世界第一。快遞業(yè)務(wù)量保持強勁增長態(tài)勢，連續(xù)6年位居世界第一。運輸服務(wù)能力大幅提升，推進(jìn)物流降本增效取得積極成效，促進(jìn)了物流業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級。
Enhancing freight transport capacity. China is one of the busiest freight hubs in the world. The increasing demand for freight capacity requires China to accelerate multimodal transport, create efficient and innovative transport links such as rail-highway, air-rail, rail-waterway and river-sea transport, ship-to-ship transfer, and roll-on/roll-off shipping.
China has also implemented programs to raise railway transport capacity, upgrade waterway transport, and regulate highway freight transport. The freight transport structure has been optimized, overall transport efficiency has improved, and logistics costs have been lowered. A marked decrease has been seen in transport pollution. The construction of pipelines for crude oil, refined oil and natural gas is accelerating. The proportion of rail transport in total freight transport is increasing. Visible results have been achieved in shifting more freight transport from road to railway. The cargo throughput and container throughput in China’s ports both rank first in the world. Express delivery continues to flourish, and has led the world for the past six years. Substantial growth in transport service capacity has accelerated progress in reducing costs, increasing efficiency, and upgrading the logistics industry.
公眾高品質(zhì)出行需求逐步滿足。旅客運輸專業(yè)化、個性化服務(wù)品質(zhì)不斷提升，人們對“美好出行”的需求得到更好滿足，出行體驗更加方便、快捷、舒適、溫暖。以道路運輸為基礎(chǔ)，高鐵、民航為主要發(fā)展方向的出行服務(wù)體系更加完善，客運結(jié)構(gòu)持續(xù)優(yōu)化，中長距離客流逐步從公路轉(zhuǎn)向高鐵和民航。截至2019年底，動車組列車?yán)塾嫲l(fā)送旅客120億人次，占鐵路旅客發(fā)送量的比重由2007年的4.5%增長到65.4%。春節(jié)、國慶等重要節(jié)慶日大規(guī)?？土鞯姆?wù)保障能力顯著提升，人們不僅能夠“說走就走”，而且走得“舒適、優(yōu)雅、愜意”，“人享其行”的期盼逐步成為現(xiàn)實。
Meeting the public’s expectation for quality travel. Passenger transport is becoming more professional and personal, meeting the public’s expectation for a better, faster, more convenient, more comfortable, and satisfying travel experience. With road transport as the base and high-speed rail and civil aviation as the direction of future development, the transport service structure is improving. The trend is for passengers on middle- and long-distance journeys to shift from highway travel to high-speed rail and planes. By the end of 2019, 12 billion trips had been made on high-speed rail, and its share of total rail passenger transport had risen from 4.5 percent in 2007 to 65.4 percent.
The transport capacity and service during the Chinese New Year holiday, National Day holiday, and other travel peaks have significantly increased. People can now take a trip whenever they want, and enjoy quality and professional service that makes travel a comfortable and satisfying experience.
城市公共交通持續(xù)優(yōu)先發(fā)展。發(fā)展公共交通是現(xiàn)代城市發(fā)展的方向，是加強城市交通治理、提升城市居民生活品質(zhì)的有效措施。大力加強城市軌道交通建設(shè)，截至2019年底，全國共有40個城市開通運營城市軌道交通線路，運營里程達(dá)6172.2公里，城市軌道交通的骨干作用日益凸顯，城市公交出行分擔(dān)率穩(wěn)步提高，舒適度不斷提升。城市慢行交通系統(tǒng)較快發(fā)展，70余個城市發(fā)布共享單車管理實施細(xì)則，360余個城市提供了共享單車服務(wù)。城市公共交通的發(fā)展為人們出行提供了便利，滿足了多樣化出行需求。
Prioritizing the sustainable development of urban public transport. Modern cities aspire to provide high-quality public transport, and take effective measures to strengthen urban traffic management and enhance the life quality of urban citizens. Great efforts have been made to improve urban rail services. By the end of 2019, a total of 40 cities had opened urban rail transit lines, with 6,172.2 km of track. While the role of rail transit is increasingly visible, the number of people using public transport for travel is also growing, and the level of comfort is improving.
Rapid development has also been seen in non-motorized transport. More than 70 cities have released administrative measures to regulate bike-sharing, and over 360 cities provide bike-sharing services. Public transport offers convenient travel by meeting the public’s diverse travel needs.
基本公共服務(wù)均等化水平不斷提升。努力保障公眾公平享有交通服務(wù)權(quán)利，以交通和諧促進(jìn)社會和諧。僻遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)開行的公益性“慢火車”，站站停、低票價、公交化，架起了山村與城市的溝通橋梁，成為沿線人民的“公交車”“致富車”。公路客運普及和農(nóng)村物流發(fā)展有力促進(jìn)了城鄉(xiāng)一體化，截至2019年底，已開展52個城鄉(xiāng)交通運輸一體化示范縣建設(shè)，全國城鄉(xiāng)交通運輸一體化發(fā)展水平達(dá)到AAA級、AAAA級以上的區(qū)縣比例分別超過95%和79%。在鐵路、公路、水運、民航、郵政等重要樞紐設(shè)置無障礙設(shè)施，推廣無障礙化交通工具，為特殊群體提供了周到的出行服務(wù)。不斷加大旅客運輸及出行服務(wù)普惠力度，讓人民共享交通發(fā)展成果。
Ensuring equal access to basic public services. To promote social harmony, the Chinese government is committed to ensuring equal access to public transport services. Low-fare low-speed trains in remote areas which stop at every small station and have a similar function to buses, serve as a bridge between mountainous villages and cities. These trains provide a convenient public welfare service to people along the line and facilitate their efforts towards a better life.
The nationwide expansion of highway passenger transport and rural logistics has helped to integrate rural and urban areas. By the end of 2019, integration of rural and urban transport had been piloted in 52 counties; 95 percent of urban districts and counties nationwide had achieved AAA ratings in urban-rural transport integration, and 79 percent had achieved AAAA ratings.
Accessible transport provides convenience for people with disabilities, and barrier-free access has been implemented at public transport hubs including train stations, highway service areas, passenger ship terminals, airports, and postal outlets. Further measures are being implemented to provide universal services and help people share in the fruits of transport development.
交通運輸新業(yè)態(tài)新模式不斷涌現(xiàn)。“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”交通運輸正在深刻改變著人們的出行方式。截至2019年底，網(wǎng)約車覆蓋全國400多個城市，平臺日均使用量達(dá)到2000萬人次。共享單車有效解決了出行“最后一公里”難題，日均使用量約4570萬人次。貨運物流融入“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”進(jìn)程加快，推動了貨運物流組織方式創(chuàng)新，95306鐵路貨運服務(wù)系統(tǒng)全面建成，2019年鐵路網(wǎng)上貨運業(yè)務(wù)辦理比例達(dá)到85%，229家無車承運人試點企業(yè)整合貨運車輛211萬輛，車輛利用率提高約50.0%，較傳統(tǒng)貨運交易成本降低了6至8個百分點?！案哞F網(wǎng)+互聯(lián)網(wǎng)”雙網(wǎng)融合取得突出成效，2019年12306互聯(lián)網(wǎng)售票系統(tǒng)售票超過35.7億張；電子客票基本實現(xiàn)全覆蓋；高鐵站車正逐步實現(xiàn)WIFI信號全覆蓋，創(chuàng)新推出網(wǎng)上訂餐、無線充電、智能交互等服務(wù)。截至2019年底，超過98%的二級以上汽車客運站提供省域聯(lián)網(wǎng)售票服務(wù)。網(wǎng)約車、共享單車、共享汽車等線上線下新消費模式，刷臉進(jìn)站、“無紙化”登機、無人機投遞、無接觸配送、智慧停車、道路客運定制服務(wù)等新業(yè)態(tài)，讓人們享受到了便利，為經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展注入了新動能。
Encouraging new models and forms of business in transport. Internet Plus models in transport are having a profound impact on the way people travel. By the end of 2019, more than 400 cities across the country had online car-hailing services, with daily usage averaging 20 million trips. Bike-sharing has effectively bridged the last kilometer in urban travel, with daily usage averaging more than 45.7 million trips.
The penetration of Internet Plus into freight logistics is accelerating, and inspiring organizational innovations. The 95306 online platform for railway freight services was put in place. In 2019, the online rail freight service handling rate rose to 85 percent. 229 non-truck operating common carriers integrated 2.11 million freight vehicles, improving the utilization rate by 50 percent, lowering the freight transaction cost by six to eight percentage points compared with traditional ways. The integration of the internet and high-speed railway network has seen remarkable results. In 2019, a total of 3.57 billion tickets were sold on 12306.cn, China’s official website for booking train tickets. Electronic tickets can be bought at almost all railway stations. China is on the way to achieving full WIFI coverage in high-speed trains and stations. It has also made innovations to roll out services such as online meal booking, wireless charging and intelligent interaction.
By the end of 2019, over 98 percent of the bus terminals at the county level and above offer province-side online ticket booking services. The new online and offline forms of passenger transport such as car-hailing, bike-sharing, and car-sharing services, and new forms of business such as facial recognition check-in at railway stations, paperless boarding at airports, drone delivery, contactless delivery, intelligent parking, and customized passenger transport services have brought convenience to people and injected fresh momentum to economic growth.
支撐區(qū)域重大戰(zhàn)略實施。服務(wù)京津冀協(xié)同發(fā)展、長江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶發(fā)展、粵港澳大灣區(qū)建設(shè)等區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，加強交通運輸布局，提供基礎(chǔ)支撐。加快構(gòu)建以首都為核心的多節(jié)點、網(wǎng)格狀世界級城市群交通體系，加快建設(shè)雄安新區(qū)一流的綜合交通運輸體系。強化干線鐵路、城際鐵路、市域（郊）鐵路、城市軌道交通的高效銜接，推動“四網(wǎng)融合”，著力打造“軌道上的京津冀”。全面推進(jìn)干線航道系統(tǒng)化治理，提升長江黃金水道功能，疏解三峽運輸“瓶頸”制約，建設(shè)長江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶綜合立體交通走廊。暢通大灣區(qū)經(jīng)粵東西北至周邊省區(qū)的綜合運輸通道，構(gòu)建連接泛珠三角區(qū)域和東盟國家的陸路國際大通道，推動粵港澳大灣區(qū)現(xiàn)代化綜合交通運輸體系建設(shè)。以“海澄文（?？凇⒊芜~、文昌）”一體化經(jīng)濟(jì)圈、大三亞旅游經(jīng)濟(jì)圈為重點，打造多節(jié)點、網(wǎng)格狀、全覆蓋的鐵路、城際軌道和骨架公路網(wǎng)，全面支撐海南自由貿(mào)易港建設(shè)。以上海、南京、杭州、合肥、蘇錫常、寧波等為節(jié)點，構(gòu)建對外高效聯(lián)通、內(nèi)部有機銜接的多層次綜合交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)，推進(jìn)長三角區(qū)域交通運輸更高質(zhì)量一體化發(fā)展。契合全流域生態(tài)保護(hù)和國土空間開發(fā)，加快形成黃河流域“通道+樞紐+網(wǎng)絡(luò)”聯(lián)動發(fā)展格局。差異化完善區(qū)域各板塊交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)，增強了對區(qū)域戰(zhàn)略的交通支撐。
Supporting major strategies for regional development. China has strengthened the transport configuration to support and serve the strategy to coordinate the development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and other regions. The country has accelerated to build multi-junction transport matrices for world-class city clusters, and a first-class comprehensive transport system in the Xiong’an New Area. Efficient connections between trunk, intercity, suburban and urban rail have been achieved, with a focus on facilitating Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integration.
In its efforts to systematically manage major waterways, China has mitigated the traffic bottleneck along the Three Gorges Dam, improved the function of the Yangtze River as the golden waterway, and endeavored to build a transport corridor along the Yangtze River Economic Belt. To create a modern and comprehensive transport network in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, the country has opened up transport corridors in the east, west and north of Guangdong connecting the Greater Bay Area with surrounding provinces and regions, and aimed to build an international overland transport corridor linking the pan-Pearl River Delta with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).
To support the Hainan Free Trade Port, China has built a multi-junction, province-wide transport matrix of railways, intercity rail, and main highways in Hainan, focusing on the Haikou-Chengmai-Wenchang Economic Integration Circle and the Greater Sanya Tourism Economic Circle. To promote better and integrated transport in the Yangtze River Delta, the country has built a multilevel, well-connected transport network with Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Hefei, Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou and Ningbo as the junctions.
In line with the need for eco-environmental conservation and territorial space development in the Yellow River Basin, China has coordinated the development of the transport corridors, hubs and network in the river basin. Targeted transport measures in various regions have been designed to support their respective strategies.
（三）交通科技從“跟跑為主”到“跟跑并跑領(lǐng)跑”并行
3. Moving from Follower to Leader in Transport Technology
經(jīng)過不懈努力，交通運輸科技創(chuàng)新能力大幅躍升，核心技術(shù)逐步自主可控，基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、運輸裝備取得標(biāo)志性重大科技創(chuàng)新成果，可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力顯著提升。中國的交通科技從跟跑世界一流水平為主，進(jìn)入到跟跑、并跑、領(lǐng)跑并行的新階段。
China’s capacity for innovation in transport has strengthened – it possesses self-developed core technologies, and has made major breakthroughs in transport infrastructure and equipment. Capacity for sustainable development is growing. China is making steady progress from a follower to a leader in transport technology.
交通超級工程舉世矚目。高速鐵路、高寒鐵路、高原鐵路、重載鐵路技術(shù)達(dá)到世界領(lǐng)先水平，高原凍土、膨脹土、沙漠等特殊地質(zhì)公路建設(shè)技術(shù)攻克世界級難題。離岸深水港建設(shè)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)、巨型河口航道整治技術(shù)、長河段航道系統(tǒng)治理技術(shù)以及大型機場工程建設(shè)技術(shù)世界領(lǐng)先。世界單條運營里程最長的京廣高鐵全線貫通，一次性建成里程最長的蘭新高鐵，世界首條高寒地區(qū)高鐵哈大高鐵開通運營，大秦重載鐵路年運量世界第一，世界上海拔最高的青海果洛藏族自治州雪山一號隧道通車。川藏鐵路雅安至林芝段開工建設(shè)。港珠澳大橋、西成高鐵秦嶺隧道群、洋山港集裝箱碼頭、青島港全自動化集裝箱碼頭、長江口深水航道治理等系列重大工程舉世矚目。中國在建和在役公路橋梁、隧道總規(guī)模世界第一，世界主跨徑前十位的斜拉橋、懸索橋、跨海大橋，中國分別有7座、6座、6座，世界最高的10座大橋中有8座在中國。
World-leading mega-projects. China leads the world in technology for railways at high altitudes and in extremely low temperatures, and for high-speed and heavy-haul railways. It has solved the most challenging technical problems confronting highway construction in difficult geological conditions such as plateau permafrost, expansive soil, and desert. It also leads in core technologies for building deep-water offshore ports, improving massive estuary and long waterways, and building large airports.
The Beijing-Guangzhou High-speed Railway, the longest high-speed rail line in the world, has been completed. The Lanzhou-Urumqi High-speed Railway has the world’s longest line that has been built at one go. The Harbin-Dalian High-speed Railway, the world’s first high-speed rail line operating at low temperatures in winter is open to traffic. The Datong-Qinhuangdao Heavy-haul Railway ranks top in the world in terms of annual transport volume. The Xueshan No. 1 Tunnel, the world’s highest of its kind, built in Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province, has been opened to traffic. The section of the Sichuan-Tibet Railway between Ya’an and Nyingchi is under construction.
Other notable mega-projects include the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, the Xi’an-Chengdu High-speed Rail cutting through the Qinling Mountains, the container terminal at Yangshan Port, the automated container terminal at Qingdao Port, and the deep-water channel improvement project in the Yangtze River Estuary.
China leads the world in the total length and number of highway bridges and tunnels in service and under construction. It has seven of the ten longest cable-stayed bridges, six of the ten longest suspension bridges, six of the ten longest cross-sea bridges, and eight of the ten highest bridges in the world.
交通裝備技術(shù)取得重大突破。瞄準(zhǔn)世界科技前沿發(fā)展“國之重器”，交通運輸關(guān)鍵裝備技術(shù)自主研發(fā)水平大幅提升。具有完全自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的“復(fù)興號”中國標(biāo)準(zhǔn)動車組實現(xiàn)世界上首次時速420公里交會和重聯(lián)運行，在京滬高鐵、京津城際鐵路、京張高鐵實現(xiàn)世界最高時速350公里持續(xù)商業(yè)運營，智能型動車組首次實現(xiàn)時速350公里自動駕駛功能；時速600公里高速磁浮試驗樣車、具備跨國互聯(lián)互通能力的時速400公里可變軌距高速動車組下線。盾構(gòu)機等特種工程機械研發(fā)實現(xiàn)巨大突破，最大直徑土壓平衡盾構(gòu)機、最大直徑硬巖盾構(gòu)機、最大直徑泥水平衡盾構(gòu)機等相繼研制成功。節(jié)能與新能源汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展，與國際先進(jìn)水平基本保持同步。海工機械特種船舶、大型自動化專業(yè)化集裝箱成套設(shè)備制造技術(shù)領(lǐng)先世界，300米飽和潛水取得創(chuàng)新性突破。C919大型客機成功首飛。支線客機ARJ21開始商業(yè)運營?？爝f分揀技術(shù)快速發(fā)展。遠(yuǎn)洋船舶、高速動車組、鐵路大功率機車、海工機械等領(lǐng)跑全球，大型飛機、新一代智聯(lián)網(wǎng)汽車等裝備技術(shù)方興未艾，成為中國制造業(yè)走向世界的“金名片”。
Major breakthroughs in transport equipment technology. Aiming to develop cutting-edge core technologies, China has substantially improved the level of its independent research in key transport equipment technology. China has set a world record by successfully testing its self-developed Fuxing EMU trains running at 420 km/h in intersection and coupled operations. The Fuxing EMUs have been running at 350 km/h – the highest operating speed in the world – on the Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Rail, the Beijing-Tianjin Intercity Rail and the Beijing-Zhangjiakou High-speed Rail. China became the first in the world to realize autopilot on trains running at a speed of 350 km/h. 600 km/h prototype maglev trains and high-speed free gauge trains running at a speed of 400 km/h that can change tracks and are capable of making international trips have rolled off the production line.
Major breakthroughs have been achieved in tunneling technology – earth pressure balance, hard rock, and slurry shield machines with the world’s largest operating diameters have been developed. The fuel-efficient and new energy vehicle industry is prospering, keeping abreast of the latest international advances. The manufacturing technologies for special marine engineering machinery vessels and complete sets of large automated and specialized container handling equipment rank top in the world. China has also made innovative breakthroughs in 300-meter saturation diving. The C919 large passenger aircraft has made its maiden flight. The ARJ21 regional jet is now in commercial service.
The sorting technology in express delivery is developing rapidly. China leads the world in building ocean-going vessels, high-speed EMU trains, high-power locomotives, and marine engineering machinery. Its burgeoning equipment technology in large aircraft and new-generation intelligent connected vehicles is on the way to becoming a major international calling card for China’s manufacturing.
智慧交通發(fā)展步伐加快。推進(jìn)“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”交通發(fā)展，推動現(xiàn)代信息技術(shù)與交通運輸管理和服務(wù)全面融合，提升交通運輸服務(wù)水平。充分運用5G通信、大數(shù)據(jù)、人工智能等新興技術(shù)，交通運輸基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和裝備領(lǐng)域智能化不斷取得突破。鐵路、公路、水運、民航客運電子客票、聯(lián)網(wǎng)售票日益普及，運輸生產(chǎn)調(diào)度指揮信息化水平顯著提升，截至2019年底，229個機場和主要航空公司實現(xiàn)“無紙化”出行。全面取消全國高速公路省界收費站，高速公路電子不停車收費系統(tǒng)（ETC）等新技術(shù)應(yīng)用成效顯著，截至2019年底，全國ETC客戶累計超過2億，全路網(wǎng)、全時段、全天候監(jiān)測以及信息發(fā)布能力不斷增強。北斗系統(tǒng)在交通運輸全領(lǐng)域廣泛應(yīng)用，全國已有760萬道路營運車輛、3.33萬郵政快遞干線車輛、1369艘部系統(tǒng)公務(wù)船舶、10863座水上助導(dǎo)航設(shè)施、109座沿海地基增強站、352架通用航空器應(yīng)用北斗系統(tǒng)，并在3架運輸航空器上應(yīng)用北斗系統(tǒng)，京張高鐵成為世界首條采用北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)并實現(xiàn)自動駕駛等功能的智能高鐵。智慧公路應(yīng)用逐步深入，智慧港口、智能航運等技術(shù)廣泛應(yīng)用。智能投遞設(shè)施遍布全國主要城市，自動化分揀覆蓋主要快遞企業(yè)骨干分撥中心。出臺自動駕駛道路測試管理規(guī)范和封閉測試場地建設(shè)指南，頒布智能船舶規(guī)范，建立無人船海上測試場，推動無人機在快遞等領(lǐng)域示范應(yīng)用。
Expedited development of intelligent transport. China is developing transport featuring Internet Plus to fully integrate modern information technology with transport management and services. The country has applied emerging technologies such as 5G, big data, and artificial intelligence to transport infrastructure and equipment, and has made breakthroughs in research and development of intelligent transport. Electronic ticketing and online booking have become increasingly popular in railway, highway, waterway and civil aviation passenger services, the application of IT in transport management has significantly increased. By the end of 2019, 229 airports and major airlines have realized paperless travel.
China has removed all expressway toll booths at provincial borders across the country. Positive results have been achieved in the application of new technologies such as Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) on expressways. By the end of 2019, there were more than 200 million ETC users across the country. Round-the-clock, all-weather and full-coverage monitoring of the road network and information distribution are strengthening.
The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) has been applied to 7.6 million vehicles on the road, 33,300 postal and express delivery trucks, 1,369 public service vessels, 10,863 maritime navigation facilities, 109 coastal ground-based augmentation stations, 352 general-purpose aircraft, and three transport aircraft. The Beijing-Zhangjiakou High-speed Rail featuring autopilot is the first in the world to use the BDS. Intelligent highway technologies are further promoted, and intelligent port and shipping technologies are widely used. Intelligent delivery outlets are found everywhere in all major cities, and automated sorting has been adopted by all major distribution centers of express delivery enterprises.
China has released administrative rules on road testing of self-driving vehicles, technical guidelines on the construction of enclosed testing fields for autopilot, and rules on intelligent ships. It has built a test area for unmanned cargo ships and piloted the use of drones in delivery services.
三、服務(wù)決戰(zhàn)脫貧攻堅和決勝全面小康
III. A Key to Poverty Alleviation and Moderate Prosperity
全面奔小康，關(guān)鍵在農(nóng)村；農(nóng)村奔小康，交通要先行。中國將交通扶貧作為服務(wù)全面建成小康社會、推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代化、人民共享改革發(fā)展成果的重要支撐，全力消除制約農(nóng)村發(fā)展的交通瓶頸，為廣大農(nóng)民脫貧致富奔小康提供堅實保障。
Achieving moderate prosperity in China’s rural areas – the key for completion of this overall national task – hinges largely on the improvement of the transport network there. China is very conscious of the role of transport in poverty alleviation, and sees it as an important support to all-round moderate prosperity across the country, the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, and shared benefits from reform and development. Therefore, it makes every effort to remove the transport bottlenecks that hinder the development of rural areas, providing a solid foundation for rural people to escape from poverty and move to moderate prosperity.
（一）堅決打贏交通扶貧脫貧攻堅戰(zhàn)
1. Winning the Battle Against Poverty Through Transport
把扶貧作為新時代交通運輸發(fā)展的重要使命，完善扶貧規(guī)劃政策體系，創(chuàng)新扶貧工作模式，做到“扶貧項目優(yōu)先安排、扶貧資金優(yōu)先保障、扶貧工作優(yōu)先對接、扶貧措施優(yōu)先落實”，以超常規(guī)的舉措和力度，助力打贏脫貧攻堅戰(zhàn)。
Poverty alleviation has been raised to the top of the agenda for transport in the new era. The transport authorities have improved the planning and policy system for poverty alleviation, created new work models, and prioritized the planning, funding, coordination and implementation of poverty alleviation-oriented transport projects and measures. Through these extraordinary steps and efforts, China is counting on transport to facilitate its campaign against poverty.
加強交通扶貧規(guī)劃設(shè)計。完善交通扶貧頂層設(shè)計和政策體系，制定交通扶貧規(guī)劃、實施方案、行動計劃，實施《集中連片特困地區(qū)交通建設(shè)扶貧規(guī)劃綱要（2011－2020）》《“十三五”交通扶貧規(guī)劃》《關(guān)于進(jìn)一步發(fā)揮交通扶貧脫貧攻堅基礎(chǔ)支撐作用的實施意見》等規(guī)劃和政策文件，將革命老區(qū)、民族地區(qū)、邊疆地區(qū)、貧困地區(qū)1177個縣（市、區(qū)）全部納入支持范圍。以深度貧困地區(qū)為重點，加快國家高速公路、普通國省道改造建設(shè)，打造“康莊大道路”“幸福小康路”“平安放心路”“特色致富路”，推動交通建設(shè)項目盡量向進(jìn)村入戶傾斜。
Better planning for transport projects to alleviate poverty. China has improved the top-level design and policy framework of poverty alleviation-oriented transport projects. It has devised strategies, implementation programs, and action plans in this regard, including the Outline of Poverty Alleviation-Oriented Transport Projects in Contiguous Poverty-Stricken Areas (2011-2020), the Plan for Transport-Driven Poverty Alleviation During the 13th Five-Year Plan Period (2016-2020), the Opinions on the Implementation of the Plan to Further Leverage Transport to Support Poverty Alleviation, involving 1,177 counties, cities and districts in old revolutionary base areas, areas with large ethnic minority populations, border areas, and poor areas.
Taking severely impoverished areas as the priority, China has moved faster to upgrade national expressways and national and provincial highways, and prioritized transport projects that provide villages and households with better access to roads. It has worked to renovate and expand trunk and rural roads, improve the quality, safety and environment of transport infrastructure, and leverage local resources through transport.
創(chuàng)新精準(zhǔn)交通脫貧模式。加強統(tǒng)籌設(shè)計，建立健全五年規(guī)劃、三年行動計劃、年度計劃相互銜接的規(guī)劃計劃體系，分省細(xì)化年度計劃，建立臺賬，壓茬推進(jìn)。加大“扶志”“扶智”工作力度，做好對貧困地區(qū)干部群眾的宣傳、教育、培訓(xùn)、科技推廣，動員鼓勵貧困群眾參與農(nóng)村公路建設(shè)，吸納貧困家庭勞動力參與護(hù)路等工作。
Breaking new ground in targeted transport-driven poverty elimination. China has intensified coordinated planning in this field by formulating and improving a system in which a five-year plan, a three-year action plan and annual plans operate as a unit. Detailed annual programs are made at the provincial level to ensure the plans are carried out in alignment.
China has increased its effort to help impoverished people access education and build aspirations. In addition to providing them with useful information, knowledge, skills training and technologies, it has also encouraged them to find work on rural road construction projects, and employed workers from poverty-stricken households to carry out road maintenance.
持續(xù)加大交通扶貧資金投入。大幅提高貧困地區(qū)交通建設(shè)中央投資補助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，2012年至2020年安排貧困地區(qū)公路建設(shè)的車購稅資金超過1.46萬億元，占同期全國公路建設(shè)車購稅資金的61.3%，帶動全社會投入超過5.13萬億元。國家高速公路、普通國道補助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分別由“十二五”時期平均占項目總投資的15%、30%，提高到“十三五”時期的30%、50%左右。鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)、建制村通硬化路補助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提高到平均工程造價的70%以上。通過優(yōu)化中央預(yù)算內(nèi)投資、車購稅等資金支出結(jié)構(gòu)，統(tǒng)籌加大各級各類資金傾斜力度，確保政策落地、資金到位、項目實施。
Increasing investment in poverty alleviation-oriented transport projects. The state has steadily increased the central government subsidy as a proportion of transport project investment for impoverished areas. From 2012 to 2020, over RMB1.46 trillion, or 61.3 percent of total road construction funds from vehicle purchase tax, was directed to poor areas, which mobilized another RMB5.13 trillion of social investment. The average contribution from vehicle purchase tax to national expressway projects rose from 15 percent during the 12th Five-Year Plan period (2011-2015) to 30 percent during the 13th Five-Year Plan period (2016-2020), and the increase in national highways was from 30 percent to 50 percent. Government subsidies from vehicle purchase tax to asphalt and concrete road projects for towns, townships and administrative villages rose to an average of 70 percent or more of project costs.
By optimizing the disposition of central budget investment, vehicle purchase tax, and other funds, China has lent more financial support to ensure the implementation of these policies and projects.
重點攻克深度貧困堡壘。全面建成小康社會最艱巨最繁重的任務(wù)在農(nóng)村，特別是深度貧困地區(qū)。發(fā)揮交通在脫貧攻堅中的基礎(chǔ)性、先導(dǎo)性作用，為深度貧困地區(qū)脫貧摘帽當(dāng)好先行、做好支撐。加大對深度貧困地區(qū)支持力度，新增資金、新增項目、新增舉措進(jìn)一步向“三區(qū)三州”等深度貧困地區(qū)傾斜。2016年至2020年，安排車購稅資金2746億元支持“三區(qū)三州”交通項目建設(shè)，其中農(nóng)村公路資金781億元。
Focusing on severely impoverished areas. The most arduous tasks in achieving moderate prosperity throughout the country are in the rural areas, especially in severely impoverished areas. Therefore, China has underlined the primary role of transport in poverty elimination, and increased support to these locations, giving preference to the “three areas and three prefectures” * when allocating new funds, planning new projects and formulating new measures. From 2016 to 2020, China spent RMB274.6 billion from vehicle purchase tax on transport projects in the “three areas and three prefectures”, including RMB78.1 billion on rural road projects.
(*The “three areas and three prefectures” are national-level severely impoverished areas, with harsh natural and economic conditions. The “three areas” refer to the Tibet Autonomous Region, prefectures and counties with large Tibetan populations in Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu and Yunnan provinces, and the Hotan, Aksu, Kashgar prefectures and the Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture in southern Xinjiang. The “three prefectures” refer to the Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province, the Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province, and the Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture in Gansu Province.)
（二）“四好農(nóng)村路”建設(shè)推動貧困地區(qū)交通高質(zhì)量發(fā)展
2. Promoting High-Quality Transport in Poor Areas
道路通，百業(yè)興。以建好、管好、護(hù)好、運營好農(nóng)村公路（簡稱“四好農(nóng)村路”）為牽引，積極推進(jìn)貧困地區(qū)建設(shè)外通內(nèi)聯(lián)、通村暢鄉(xiāng)、客車到村、安全便捷的交通運輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)，大力提升城鄉(xiāng)客貨運輸服務(wù)水平，貧困地區(qū)交通落后面貌發(fā)生根本改變。
Good roads are key to prosperity in all sectors. Aiming to build high-quality rural roads that are properly built, operated, managed, and maintained, China has created a safe and easily accessible transport network that links villages, towns and townships in impoverished areas and connects them with other parts of the country. It has improved passenger and freight transport services in urban and rural areas, and expanded bus services to more villages. The backward nature of transport in poor areas has gone through a complete transformation.
貧困地區(qū)綜合交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)加快形成。缺少足夠的交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施是貧困地區(qū)面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn)之一。2016年至2019年，國家支持貧困地區(qū)改造建設(shè)了國家高速公路1.7萬公里、普通國道5.3萬公里，建成內(nèi)河航道約2365公里。貧困地區(qū)縣城基本實現(xiàn)了二級及以上公路覆蓋，許多貧困縣通了高速公路，不少地方還通了鐵路、建了機場，干支銜接的高等級內(nèi)河航道網(wǎng)絡(luò)不斷完善。貧困地區(qū)綜合交通運輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)加快形成，曾經(jīng)“山里山外兩重天”的局面徹底改變。
Establishing a comprehensive transport network in poor areas. Inadequate transport infrastructure is one of the most formidable challenges confronting poverty-stricken areas. To resolve this challenge, the state subsidized the upgrading of 17,000 km of national expressways and 53,000 km of national highways, and the building of 2,365 km of inland waterways from 2016 to 2019. By now, almost all county seats in poor areas have access to highways of Grade II or above, with many of the counties having expressways, and some having railways or even airports. A high-grade inland waterway network linking trunk rivers and tributaries continues to improve. Through such efforts, a comprehensive transport network is taking shape in poor areas rapidly, and the gap between in and outside of these areas is shrinking.
“四好農(nóng)村路”建設(shè)成效顯著。以200個“四好農(nóng)村路”全國示范縣為引領(lǐng)，推動農(nóng)村公路高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。落實農(nóng)村公路建設(shè)“七公開”制度，強化貧困地區(qū)交通建設(shè)管理和質(zhì)量控制，優(yōu)化農(nóng)村公路路網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)，大力推進(jìn)“路長制”，健全“四好農(nóng)村路”建設(shè)長效機制。完善和落實省、市、縣、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)、村五級責(zé)任，清晰界定工作職責(zé)，結(jié)合事業(yè)單位和鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)機構(gòu)改革，完善縣鄉(xiāng)農(nóng)村公路管理體制。推動農(nóng)村公路“滿意工程”建設(shè)，推廣建養(yǎng)一體化等建設(shè)養(yǎng)護(hù)模式。結(jié)合美麗鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)開展路域環(huán)境整治。統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)客運資源，創(chuàng)新農(nóng)村客運發(fā)展模式，整合交通、郵政、供銷、電商等資源，推進(jìn)了貧困地區(qū)農(nóng)村物流發(fā)展。“四好農(nóng)村路”建設(shè)取得了實實在在的成效，為農(nóng)村特別是貧困地區(qū)帶去了人氣、財氣。
Achieving notable results in building high-quality rural roads. Two hundred pilot counties have led the development of high-quality rural roads that are properly built, operated, managed, and maintained. China has strengthened regulation and exercised strict quality control of rural road projects, making seven key pieces of information available to the public: construction plans, subsidy policies, tendering, construction management, quality supervision, fund management, and project delivery and review. The country has improved the configuration of the rural road network, promoted the road chief system nationwide, and enhanced the long-term mechanism for building high-quality rural roads. A five-tiered accountability system has been implemented, clearly defining responsibilities for road management at provincial, city, county, township, and village levels. In the process of reforming public institutions and township government institutions, the rural road management system in counties and towns has also been improved.
The transport departments have strived to increase public satisfaction with rural roads, and promoted the practice of packaging road maintenance contracts with construction projects. The beautiful countryside program has served to improve the environment along rural roads.
Passenger transport resources in urban and rural areas are being coordinated, and new modes of passenger transport are being explored in rural areas. The resources of transport departments, postal agencies, supply and marketing cooperatives, and e-commerce companies have been integrated to improve logistics in poor rural areas.
These measures have achieved solid results, bringing business and funds to rural areas, especially those suffering from poverty.
“出行難”得到有效解決。農(nóng)村公路建設(shè)實現(xiàn)跨越式發(fā)展，“晴天一身土，雨天一身泥”成為歷史。截至2019年底，全國實現(xiàn)了具備條件的鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)和建制村100%通硬化路；截至2020年9月，實現(xiàn)了具備條件的鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)和建制村100%通客車。城鄉(xiāng)道路客運一體化發(fā)展水平持續(xù)提升，以縣城為中心、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)為節(jié)點、建制村為網(wǎng)點的交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)初步形成，鄉(xiāng)村之間、城鄉(xiāng)之間連接更加緊密，6億農(nóng)民“出門水泥路，抬腳上客車”的夢想變成了現(xiàn)實。
Making travel easier and more convenient. Due to the significant improvement in rural roads, the days in which travelers had to trudge through dust and mud on dirt roads are gone. All towns, townships and administrative villages with feasible conditions had been connected to asphalt and concrete roads by the end of 2019, and to bus services by September 2020.
Integrated road passenger transport in urban and rural areas has made progress. A passenger transport network with county seats as centers, towns and townships as junctions, and administrative villages as points has taken shape. China’s 600 million rural people now enjoy easy and convenient access to better roads and bus services between villages and between urban and rural areas.
（三）交通助推廣大農(nóng)民脫貧致富奔小康
3. Helping Farmers Improve Their Lives Through Transport
交通運輸?shù)目焖侔l(fā)展，破解了長期以來制約貧困地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展的瓶頸，為廣大農(nóng)民脫貧致富奔小康、加快推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代化提供了有力支撐，為譜寫新時代鄉(xiāng)村振興新篇章奠定了堅實基礎(chǔ)。
Better transport has cleared the bottlenecks that delayed economic and social development in poor areas, supporting farmers’ efforts to rise out of poverty and achieve moderate prosperity, reinforcing China’s endeavors to modernize agriculture and rural areas, and laying a solid foundation for rural revitalization in the new era.
農(nóng)村公路助力廣大農(nóng)民奔小康。農(nóng)村公路發(fā)展，重點在“建”，目標(biāo)在“通”。2012年至2019年，中國新改建農(nóng)村公路208.6萬公里（其中貧困地區(qū)約110萬公里），農(nóng)村公路總里程達(dá)到420.1萬公里，貧困地區(qū)新增5.1萬個建制村通硬化路。2016年至2019年，貧困地區(qū)建設(shè)約9.6萬公里通較大人口規(guī)模自然村的硬化路，建設(shè)45.8萬公里農(nóng)村公路安全生命防護(hù)工程，農(nóng)村公路運行安全條件全面改善。出臺《農(nóng)村公路建設(shè)管理辦法》《農(nóng)村公路建設(shè)質(zhì)量管理辦法》《農(nóng)村公路養(yǎng)護(hù)管理辦法》，加快推進(jìn)相關(guān)技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)范制修訂工作。出臺《關(guān)于深化農(nóng)村公路管理養(yǎng)護(hù)體制改革的意見》及相關(guān)配套制度，推進(jìn)農(nóng)村公路管理養(yǎng)護(hù)體制改革，建立健全農(nóng)村公路管理養(yǎng)護(hù)長效機制。2012年至2019年，通行客車的建制村新增5.4萬個。加快建設(shè)縣鄉(xiāng)村三級農(nóng)村物流節(jié)點體系建設(shè)，推進(jìn)農(nóng)村物流發(fā)展，2019年農(nóng)村地區(qū)收投快件超150億件，工業(yè)品下鄉(xiāng)、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出村、快遞服務(wù)入戶等運輸服務(wù)能力不斷提升。
Smoothing farmers’ path to moderate prosperity through rural roads. To achieve the goal of greater connectivity, from 2012 to 2019, China built or upgraded 2.09 million km of rural roads, including about 1.1 million km in poor areas, bringing the total length of rural roads to 4.2 million km, and connecting another 51,000 administrative villages in poor areas with asphalt and concrete roads. From 2016 to 2019, China built 96,000 km of asphalt and concrete roads in poor areas to reach natural villages with relatively large populations, and implemented a safety program on 458,000 km of rural roads, effectively preventing and reducing accidents.
The transport authorities have issued Administrative Measures for Rural Road Construction, Administrative Measures for Rural Road Quality, and Administrative Measures for Rural Road Maintenance, and formulated or modified relevant technical standards and specifications. The government issued the Opinions on Furthering Institutional Reform of Rural Road Management and Maintenance and put in place other auxiliary mechanisms to ensure long-term results in this field. From 2012 to 2019, the number of administrative villages with access to bus services increased by 54,000.
To develop logistics in rural areas, China has stepped up the construction of a three-tiered rural logistics network at county, township and village levels, which collected and delivered more than 15 billion parcels in 2019. Logistics companies are now able to offer better delivery services between urban and rural areas by transporting industrial products to the countryside and agricultural products to cities, and providing delivery services to the door.
鐵路扶貧助力全面小康。持續(xù)提升貧困地區(qū)鐵路網(wǎng)覆蓋通達(dá)水平，加快連接貧困地區(qū)鐵路規(guī)劃建設(shè)，完善貧困地區(qū)鐵路網(wǎng)絡(luò)。截至2019年底，國家向14個集中連片特困地區(qū)、革命老區(qū)、少數(shù)民族地區(qū)、邊疆地區(qū)累計投入3.3萬億元，占鐵路基建總投資的78%。新投產(chǎn)鐵路覆蓋了274個國家級貧困縣，助力融入“高鐵經(jīng)濟(jì)圈”。運用大數(shù)據(jù)分析，優(yōu)化貧困地區(qū)旅客列車開行方案，2019年日均開行途經(jīng)貧困地區(qū)的旅客列車2328列,開行旅游扶貧專列594列，帶動了沿線旅游、商貿(mào)、餐飲等產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展和消費升級。精準(zhǔn)開行農(nóng)產(chǎn)品“點對點”運輸專列、集裝箱快運班列和高鐵快運等，2018年以來累計運送貧困地區(qū)貨物17.1億噸。
Facilitating poverty alleviation through railways. China has accelerated the implementation of railway construction plans, and increased railway coverage to give poor areas better access to the rail network. By the end of 2019, RMB3.3 trillion, or 78 percent of total investment in railway infrastructure, has gone into railway projects in the 14 contiguous poverty-stricken areas, old revolutionary base areas, areas with large ethnic minority populations, and border areas. The new railways connect 274 national poor counties, integrating them into a larger “high-speed rail economic circle”.
Big data analysis is employed to optimize passenger train schedules for poor areas. In 2019, an average of 2,328 passenger trains ran every day with stops in poor areas, and 594 special tourist trains were arranged to poor areas, which promoted tourism, retail and catering businesses and helped stimulate consumption in areas along the lines. To transport agricultural products from poor areas, railway transport services effectively scheduled freight trains such as point-to-point trains, express container trains and high-speed express trains, which have transported 1.71 billion tonnes of freight since 2018.
“交通+”產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展成效顯著。積極推動“交通+‘旅游’‘產(chǎn)業(yè)’‘扶貧’”等發(fā)展新模式，推動貧困地區(qū)交通與產(chǎn)業(yè)深度融合。2012年至2019年，貧困地區(qū)新改建資源路、旅游路、產(chǎn)業(yè)路約5.9萬公里。大力推進(jìn)“交通+快遞”扶貧工程，整合交通運輸、供銷、商貿(mào)、電商、郵政快遞等資源，開展無人機物流配送應(yīng)用試點，2018年全國郵政企業(yè)累計實現(xiàn)農(nóng)村電商交易額1.4萬億元?！敖煌?特色農(nóng)業(yè)+電商”“交通+文化+旅游”“交通+就業(yè)+公益崗”等扶貧模式不斷創(chuàng)新發(fā)展。特色產(chǎn)業(yè)因路而起、因路而興，為廣大農(nóng)民打開一扇脫貧致富的大門。
Delivering tangible benefits by advancing Transport Plus initiatives. China encourages new business models such as Transport Plus Tourism, Transport Plus Business, and Transport Plus Poverty Alleviation, and promotes the extensive integration of transport and business in poverty-stricken areas. From 2012 to 2019, China built or upgraded 59,000 km of roads serving resource transport, tourism and business development in poor areas.
The Transport Plus Express Delivery poverty alleviation projects integrate resources from different sectors, including transport, supply and marketing cooperatives, retail and e-commerce, and postal services. Drones have been tested to deliver parcels in rural areas. In 2018, China’s postal service companies completed a total of rural e-commerce transactions worth RMB1.4 trillion.
Other new models, such as Transport Plus Agriculture Plus E-commerce, Transport Plus Culture Plus Tourism, Transport Plus Employment Plus Public Welfare, have also played their part in poverty alleviation. Distinctive local businesses have emerged and flourished along with the newly built roads, creating a path to wealth for rural people.
農(nóng)村交通有力促進(jìn)美麗鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)。將農(nóng)村公路建設(shè)作為社會主義新農(nóng)村“村容整潔”和“鄉(xiāng)風(fēng)文明”建設(shè)的重要切入點，同步開展公路沿線綠化以及沿途村鎮(zhèn)的美化建設(shè)，將農(nóng)村公路打造成一道道靚麗的鄉(xiāng)村風(fēng)景線。農(nóng)村公路的暢達(dá)，帶動了農(nóng)村人居環(huán)境同步改善和教育、醫(yī)療、文化等公共服務(wù)水平同步提升，推動了城鄉(xiāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化加快發(fā)展，廣大農(nóng)村因路而富、因路而美。
Reinforcing China’s efforts to build a beautiful countryside through rural transport. Transport departments have actively participated in the socialist new countryside program, and used rural road construction to expand the effort to maintain a clean environment and foster social etiquette and civility in the countryside. Trees have been planted and village profiles enhanced along the roads, turning rural roads into an attractive element of local scenery.
Interconnected roads help improve people’s lives and environment in rural areas, enhance public services such as education, health care, and culture, and promote integrated urban-rural development. Following the rapid expansion of rural roads, the vast countryside is finding greater prosperity and becoming more attractive.
四、推進(jìn)交通治理現(xiàn)代化
IV. Modernization of Transport Governance
中國是世界上最大的發(fā)展中國家，交通運輸體量龐大、情況復(fù)雜且處于快速發(fā)展當(dāng)中，交通治理難度大。中國立足本國國情，借鑒國際經(jīng)驗，大力推進(jìn)交通治理現(xiàn)代化，通過改革創(chuàng)新釋放技術(shù)和市場活力、提升治理效能，促進(jìn)了交通高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。
China is the largest developing country in the world. The complexity and rapid development of its sizable transport sector have created difficulties in managing the industry. Based on national conditions and drawing on international experience, China has devoted serious effort to modernizing its transport governance. Through reform and innovation, the country has unleashed the vitality of technology and market, increased efficiency and facilitated the high-quality development of the industry.
（一）推進(jìn)交通治理體系改革
1. Reforming the Transport Governance System
立足當(dāng)前、著眼長遠(yuǎn)，積極推進(jìn)綜合交通體制機制改革，不斷完善法律法規(guī)，統(tǒng)一開放、競爭有序的交通運輸市場基本形成，適應(yīng)新時代國家發(fā)展的交通運輸治理體系逐步健全。
Basing itself on the present while focusing on long-term development, China has reformed its comprehensive transport management and improved related laws and regulations. At present, a unified, open, competitive and orderly transport market is in place, and a transport governance system that meets the needs of the country’s development in the new era has been steadily improved.
綜合交通運輸管理體制機制不斷完善。以深化供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革為主線，以提升行業(yè)治理能力為重點，持續(xù)深化交通運輸體制機制改革。2013年形成由交通運輸部管理國家鐵路局、中國民用航空局、國家郵政局的大部門管理體制架構(gòu)，交通運輸大部門制主體組織架構(gòu)基本建立。深入推進(jìn)中國鐵路總公司、中國郵政集團(tuán)公司的公司制改革工作，兩家公司分別更名為中國國家鐵路集團(tuán)有限公司、中國郵政集團(tuán)有限公司，建立健全現(xiàn)代法人治理結(jié)構(gòu)和中國特色現(xiàn)代國有企業(yè)制度。省級綜合交通運輸體制改革加快推進(jìn)，大部分省份基本建立綜合交通運輸管理體制或運行協(xié)調(diào)機制。組建國家鐵路局、中國國家鐵路集團(tuán)有限公司，實現(xiàn)鐵路政企分開。民航體制機制改革持續(xù)深化，機場公安體制、運輸價格、民航業(yè)投資準(zhǔn)入機制、空管系統(tǒng)體制機制等改革有序推進(jìn)。郵政體制改革有序推進(jìn)，郵政改革配套措施不斷完善。交通運輸綜合行政執(zhí)法改革穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)，整合執(zhí)法隊伍，理順職能配置，減少執(zhí)法層級，權(quán)責(zé)統(tǒng)一、權(quán)威高效、監(jiān)管有力、服務(wù)優(yōu)質(zhì)的交通運輸綜合行政執(zhí)法體制逐步形成。綜合交通運輸發(fā)展規(guī)劃協(xié)調(diào)機制初步建立，鐵路、公路、水運、民航、郵政等專項規(guī)劃之間的銜接平衡不斷加強。通過改革，綜合交通運輸發(fā)展的體制機制進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化，各種運輸方式進(jìn)一步融合，交通運輸發(fā)展內(nèi)生動力進(jìn)一步增強，行業(yè)現(xiàn)代化治理水平進(jìn)一步提升。
Upgrading comprehensive management. With the focus on advancing supply-side structural reform and improving transport governance, China has furthered reform of the management institutions and mechanisms. As part of the “l(fā)arge government departments” reform in 2013 to optimize administrative functions, a basic institutional framework was formed under the Ministry of Transport, which brought the National Railway Administration, Civil Aviation Administration of China and State Post Bureau under its management. The country has advanced corporate reform of the China Railway Corporation and the China Post Group Corporation. The two companies, restructured into China State Railway Group Co., Ltd and China Post Group Co., Ltd, have established a modern corporate governance structure and a modern state-owned enterprise system with Chinese characteristics. Reform has been accelerated at the provincial level, and most provinces have begun to put in place comprehensive transport management institutions or operational coordination mechanisms.
As National Railway Administration and China State Railway Group Co., Ltd were set up, separation of government administration from the management of enterprises was achieved in the railway sector. Reform of the civil aviation institutions and mechanisms for airport public security, pricing, investment access, and air traffic control is proceeding in a well-planned manner. Reform of the postal service has been proceeding steadily, with improved supporting measures for postal reform.
China has steadily promoted reform of administrative law enforcement by reorganizing and streamlining law enforcement teams and their functions. A comprehensive administrative law enforcement system that is authoritative and efficient, balances powers with responsibilities, and features effective regulation and high-quality service is now in place. The country has established a basic mechanism for comprehensive transport planning and coordination, which helps the connection and balanced development of railways, highways, waterways, civil aviation and postal services.
Thanks to these reforms, China has further modernized its capacity for transport governance by optimizing the institutions and mechanisms for comprehensive development, integrating different modes of transport, and boosting driving forces from within the industry.
交通運輸法治政府部門建設(shè)持續(xù)深化。貫徹落實習(xí)近平法治思想，以“法治政府部門”建設(shè)工程為載體，把法治貫穿交通運輸規(guī)劃、建設(shè)、運營、管理和安全生產(chǎn)全過程各方面，為加快建設(shè)交通強國提供堅實保障。依法行政制度基本確立，行業(yè)立法、執(zhí)法監(jiān)督、行政復(fù)議與應(yīng)訴、法治宣傳教育和普法等工作機制逐步健全。加快推進(jìn)鐵路、公路、水運、民航、郵政等行業(yè)立法，綜合交通運輸法規(guī)體系已基本建成。聚焦國家重大戰(zhàn)略實施和行業(yè)發(fā)展改革領(lǐng)域，制定和修訂鐵路法、公路法、海上交通安全法、港口法、航道法、民用航空法、郵政法等行業(yè)龍頭法。出臺和制修訂水上水下活動通航安全管理規(guī)定、交通運輸標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化管理辦法等行業(yè)急需的規(guī)章，穩(wěn)步開展規(guī)章規(guī)范性文件清理。
Developing law-based government departments for transport. Implementing the Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law in developing law-based government departments, China has exercised the rule of law in all aspects of transport, including planning, construction, operation, management and workplace safety, providing a solid guarantee for building China’s strength in transport. A system for law-based government administration has taken shape, and the working mechanisms for legislation, supervision over law enforcement, administrative review and response to lawsuits, and public education on the law and the rule of law have gradually improved. The government has stepped up the pace to introduce legislation on railways, highways, waterways, civil aviation and postal services, and as a result a broad framework of laws and regulations is now in place.
Focusing on major national strategies and areas relevant to the industry, China has formulated and revised key laws and regulations on railways, highways, maritime traffic safety, ports, waterways, civil aviation, and postal services. China has also promulgated and revised urgently needed provisions and measures for ensuring safe navigation when overwater and underwater activities take place, and for standardization in the transport industry, and has progressively overhauled normative documents.
深化“放管服”改革優(yōu)化營商環(huán)境。堅持問題導(dǎo)向，加快轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能，深化“放管服”改革，持續(xù)優(yōu)化營商環(huán)境。逐步放寬市場準(zhǔn)入門檻，持續(xù)清理交通運輸領(lǐng)域各類不合理和非必要罰款及檢查，建立涉企收費目錄清單制度。深入落實交通運輸領(lǐng)域各項減稅降費政策，降低物流稅費成本。強化事中事后監(jiān)管，取消中介服務(wù)等行政審批事項，推進(jìn)商事制度改革。推行“雙隨機、一公開”監(jiān)管工作，運用大數(shù)據(jù)、云計算、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)等信息技術(shù)，推動跨省大件運輸?shù)炔⒙?lián)許可系統(tǒng)全國聯(lián)網(wǎng)。加快構(gòu)建以信用為核心的新型市場監(jiān)管機制。推進(jìn)新業(yè)態(tài)協(xié)同監(jiān)管，線上線下一體化監(jiān)管模式進(jìn)一步創(chuàng)新，市場環(huán)境更加公平有序。優(yōu)化行政審批服務(wù)方式，推廣交通運輸政務(wù)服務(wù)“一網(wǎng)通辦”，企業(yè)群眾辦事“只進(jìn)一扇門”“最多跑一次”服務(wù)，辦事效率顯著提升。交通運輸“放管服”改革，推動了優(yōu)化營商環(huán)境向縱深發(fā)展，激發(fā)了交通發(fā)展活力，提高了政府服務(wù)效能，促進(jìn)了交通運輸行業(yè)健康發(fā)展。
Advancing reforms to improve the business environment. China has remained problem-oriented, accelerated the transformation of government functions, furthered reforms to streamline administration, delegate power, improve regulation and upgrade services, and continued to improve the business environment. It has gradually relaxed restrictions on market access in the transport sector, removed unreasonable and unnecessary fines and inspections, and established catalogues of fees charged to enterprises. Tax and fee reduction policies have been implemented to lower logistics costs. The government has strengthened in-process and follow-up oversight, cleared intermediary services from the list of items of administrative examination and approval, and furthered reform in the business sector.
Oversight conducted through the random selection of both inspectors and inspection targets and the prompt release of results has been implemented. China has made use of information technologies such as big data, cloud computing and internet of things to promote the nationwide parallel licensing system for inter-provincial heavy cargo. It has also accelerated the establishment of a new market supervision mechanism based on credit, coordinated the regulation of new business forms, and created innovative and integrated online and offline regulation models to make the market environment fairer and more orderly.
China has improved administrative approval services regarding transport, and enabled access to government services via a single website to make it easier for people to get their problems solved by one single department and with one-stop service, thus significantly improving the efficiency of public services.
Reforms designed to streamline administration, delegate power, improve regulation, and upgrade services have optimized the business environment, stimulated the vitality of the transport sector, raised the efficiency of government services, and promoted the healthy development of the industry.
（二）推進(jìn)交通運輸綠色發(fā)展
2. Pursuing Green Development
樹立和踐行綠水青山就是金山銀山的理念，交通運輸生態(tài)文明制度體系日益完善，節(jié)能降碳取得實效，環(huán)境友好程度不斷增加。
Acting on the understanding that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, China has improved the system for promoting eco-civilization in the transport sector, achieved real results in energy conservation and carbon reduction, and increased environmental friendliness.
全面推進(jìn)節(jié)能減排和低碳發(fā)展。堅定不移推進(jìn)節(jié)能減排，努力建設(shè)低碳交通，走出一條能耗排放做“減法”、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展做“加法”的新路子。嚴(yán)格實施能源消費總量和強度雙控制度，著力提升交通運輸綜合效能，全國鐵路電氣化比例達(dá)到71.9%，新能源公交車超過40萬輛，新能源貨車超過43萬輛，天然氣運營車輛超過18萬輛，液化天然氣（LNG）動力船舶建成290余艘，機場新能源車輛設(shè)備占比約14%，飛機輔助動力裝置（APU）替代設(shè)施全面使用，郵政快遞車輛中新能源和清潔能源車輛的保有量及在重點區(qū)域的使用比例穩(wěn)步提升。全國942處高速公路服務(wù)區(qū)（停車區(qū)）內(nèi)建成運營充電樁超過7400個，港口岸電設(shè)施建成5800多套，覆蓋泊位7200余個，沿江沿海主要港口集裝箱碼頭全面完成“油改電”。綠色交通省（城市）、綠色公路、綠色港口等示范工程，年節(jié)能量超過63萬噸標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤。通過中央車購稅資金，支持建設(shè)綜合客運樞紐、貨運樞紐、疏港鐵路，統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)公鐵聯(lián)運、海鐵聯(lián)運等多式聯(lián)運發(fā)展，推進(jìn)運輸結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整。
Comprehensive energy conservation, emissions reduction and low-carbon development. China has worked hard to conserve energy, reduce emissions, and develop low-carbon transport to boost economic development. It has strictly implemented a system that controls both the total amount and intensity of energy consumption to improve the overall efficiency of transport. The national railway electrification rate has reached 71.9 percent. There are now more than 400,000 buses and 430,000 trucks using new energy, 180,000 natural gas vehicles, and 290 liquefied natural gas (LNG) ships. About 14 percent of airport vehicles and facilities are run on new energy sources, substitute facilities for aircraft auxiliary power units (APUs) are in full use, and the numbers of postal vehicles run on new and clean energy and those that are in service in key regions are steadily increasing. More than 7,400 charging piles have been built and operated in 942 expressway service areas across the country, more than 5,800 sets of shore power facilities have been built at ports, covering over 7,200 berths, and container terminals at major ports along the Yangtze and coastlines have switched from oil to electricity for power. The annual energy saved by green transport provinces and cities, green highways, green ports and other demonstration projects has exceeded 630,000 tonnes of coal equivalent. The central government has used vehicle purchase tax funds to support the construction of comprehensive passenger terminals, freight hubs, and port railways, and coordinated the development of road-rail, sea-rail and other multimodal forms to restructure the transport network.
強化資源集約節(jié)約利用。牢固樹立為國家長遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展負(fù)責(zé)、為子孫后代負(fù)責(zé)的理念，著力推動交通資源利用方式由粗放型向集約型、節(jié)約型轉(zhuǎn)變。結(jié)合國土空間規(guī)劃編制和三條控制線劃定落實，統(tǒng)籌鐵路、公路、水運、民航、郵政等交通運輸各領(lǐng)域融合發(fā)展，推動鐵路、公路、水路、空域等通道資源集約利用，提高線位資源利用效率。因地制宜采用低路基、以橋（隧）代路等，加強公路、鐵路沿線土地資源保護(hù)和綜合利用，減少對周邊環(huán)境的影響。加強航道建設(shè)的生態(tài)保護(hù)和綠色建養(yǎng)，推進(jìn)航道疏浚土綜合利用，嚴(yán)格港口岸線使用審批管理與監(jiān)督，提高岸線使用效率，探索建立岸線資源有償使用制度。推動廢舊路面、瀝青、廢舊輪胎、建筑廢料等材料資源化利用。高度重視和推進(jìn)快遞包裝的綠色化、減量化、可循環(huán)，大力推進(jìn)可循環(huán)中轉(zhuǎn)袋全面替代一次性塑料編織袋，電子面單使用率達(dá)98%。
Strengthening the intensive and economical use of resources. In taking responsibility for the country’s long-term development and for future generations, the Chinese government is endeavoring to transform the extensive use of transport resources to an approach that is intensive and economical. By implementing national planning for land use, drawing red lines to protect ecosystems and permanent basic cropland, and to restrict unlimited urban development, China has promoted the integrated intensive and efficient use of railways, highways, waterways, civil aviation, postal services and associated resources along these passages of transport.
China has strengthened the protection and comprehensive utilization of land resources along highways and railways and reduced the impact on the surrounding environment by building low embankments or building bridges and tunnels instead of roads. It has reinforced eco-environmental protection and green development and maintenance of waterways, promoted the beneficial use of dredged sediments from waterways, strengthened the administration, supervision and efficient use of port shorelines, and explored systems for paid use of shoreline resources.
China has promoted the recycling of waste pavement, asphalt, used tires, construction scrap and other materials. It has also attached great importance to the green treatment, reduction and recycling of delivery packaging, and promoted the replacement of disposable plastic woven bags with recyclable transit packaging, with the utilization rate of electronic waybills reaching 98 percent.
強化大氣與水污染防治。堅決打好交通運輸領(lǐng)域污染防治攻堅戰(zhàn)，用最嚴(yán)格的制度、最嚴(yán)密的法治治理環(huán)境污染。在沿海和長江干線等水域設(shè)立船舶大氣污染物排放控制區(qū)，按照國際公約要求對進(jìn)入中國水域的國際航行船舶實施船用燃油硫含量限制措施，推動船舶使用清潔能源和加裝尾氣污染治理裝備，建立船用低硫燃油供應(yīng)保障和聯(lián)合監(jiān)管機制。執(zhí)行船舶水污染物排放控制國家強制性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，推動港口船舶含油污水、化學(xué)品洗艙水、生活污水和垃圾等接收處置設(shè)施建設(shè)，開展港口粉塵污染控制。在全國沿海實施“碧海行動”計劃，打撈存在污染環(huán)境風(fēng)險和影響海上交通運輸安全的沉船沉物。加快老舊和高能耗、高排放營運車輛、施工機械治理和淘汰更新，推進(jìn)實施機動車排放檢測與強制維護(hù)制度（I/M制度）。中央財政采取“以獎代補”方式支持京津冀及周邊地區(qū)、汾渭平原淘汰國Ⅲ及以下排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)營運柴油貨車。全面開展運輸結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整三年行動，2012年至2019年全國機動車污染物排放量下降65.2%。
Strengthening the prevention and control of atmospheric and water pollution. China uses the strictest systems and laws to control environmental pollution from transport. It has set up the Domestic Emission Control Areas (DECAs) for Atmospheric Pollution from Vessels along coastlines and the main streams of the Yangtze and other major rivers, and implemented measures to limit the sulfur content of fuel oil used by international vessels entering Chinese waters in accordance with international conventions. It has promoted the use of clean energy and installation of exhaust gas cleaning equipment on vessels, and established a mechanism for ensuring the supply and joint supervision of low-sulfur fuel oil.
The country has implemented the national mandatory standards for water pollutant discharge from vessels, built receiving and treatment facilities for oily wastewater, chemical tank-cleaning wastewater, sanitary sewage and garbage from vessels in ports, and carried out dust pollution control at ports. It has implemented the Blue Sea Action* plan along the coast to salvage sunken ships and objects that are at risk of polluting the oceans and affecting the safety of maritime transport.
(*The Blue Sea Action is a public welfare program approved by the State Council as a major measure to promote eco-civilization and related national strategies, and to build green and safe transport. Since 2014, the transport rescue and salvage departments have carried out the action plan for six consecutive years, salvaging a total of 79 sunken ships.)
China has also accelerated the management, phase-out and renewal of old and high-energy consuming, high-emission vehicles and construction machinery, and introduced an emission inspection and mandatory maintenance program for motor vehicles. By replacing subsidies with incentives, the central government has helped the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region and its surrounding areas, and the Fenhe-Weihe River Plain, to phase out commercial diesel trucks at or below China III emission standards. A three-year action plan to readjust the transport structure has been carried out across the country. From 2012 to 2019, motor vehicle pollutant emissions decreased by 65.2 percent nationwide.
加大生態(tài)保護(hù)與修復(fù)力度。嚴(yán)守生態(tài)保護(hù)紅線，嚴(yán)格落實生態(tài)保護(hù)和修復(fù)制度。交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)全面實行“避讓—保護(hù)—修復(fù)”模式，推進(jìn)生態(tài)選線選址，強化生態(tài)環(huán)保設(shè)計，避讓耕地、林地、濕地等具有重要生態(tài)功能的國土空間。在鐵路、公路、航道沿江沿線開展綠化行動，提升生態(tài)功能和景觀品質(zhì)。鐵路、公路建設(shè)工程注重動物通道建設(shè)，青藏鐵路建設(shè)的動物通道有效保障了藏羚羊的順利遷徙及其他高原動物的自由活動。港口碼頭建設(shè)和航道整治注重減少對水生態(tài)和水生生物的影響，建設(shè)過魚通道，促進(jìn)魚類洄游。組織實施公路港口生態(tài)修復(fù)總面積超過5000萬平方米。推進(jìn)長江非法碼頭、非法采砂整治，截至2019年底，完成1361座非法碼頭整改，改善了生態(tài)環(huán)境條件，更好保障了長江防洪、供水和航運安全。
Intensifying eco-environmental protection and restoration. China has strictly enforced the red lines for protecting the ecosystems and has put in place a system for protecting and restoring ecosystems. In building transport infrastructure, it has adopted a model of “avoidance, protection and restoration”, and promoted eco-friendly route planning and site selection and design. Particular efforts have been made to avoid farmland, forestland, wetland and other types of territorial space with key eco-environmental functions.
China has carried out afforestation programs along railways, highways and waterways to improve eco-environmental functions and landscape quality. In railway and highway construction projects it makes provision for wildlife corridors. The wildlife corridors built on the Qinghai-Tibet Railway have guaranteed the safe migration of Tibetan antelopes and the movement of other plateau animals. In the construction of ports and the renovation of waterways, China has focused on reducing impacts on aquatic ecology and life, building fishways and facilitating fish migration. It has implemented more than 50 million square meters of eco-environmental restoration along highways and ports.
The country has also addressed the problems of illegal docks and sand mining along the Yangtze River. By the end of 2019, it had closed or rectified 1,361 illegal docks, improving the eco-environment and ensuring flood control, water supply and navigational safety along the river.
（三）加強安全防控和應(yīng)急保障能力建設(shè)
3. Strengthening Safety Management and Emergency Response
堅持人民至上、生命至上，不斷提升交通運輸業(yè)應(yīng)對突發(fā)公共事件的能力，特別是突發(fā)重大公共衛(wèi)生事件的能力，加強安全治理和應(yīng)急保障能力建設(shè)，統(tǒng)籌發(fā)展和安全，全力推進(jìn)建設(shè)更高水平平安交通，為經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展和群眾出行提供安全運輸保障。
Upholding the sanctity of human life, China has improved the capacity of the transport industry to deal with public emergencies and in particular major public health emergencies, strengthened safety management and emergency response, and coordinated development and safety, so as to provide safe transport to the public and support economic and social development.
交通安全防控能力顯著提升。堅持預(yù)防為主、綜合施策，深化和完善交通運輸平安體系，持續(xù)完善安全生產(chǎn)風(fēng)險管控和隱患排查治理雙重預(yù)防控制機制，下大力氣減少重特大交通運輸安全事故，牢牢守住交通安全生產(chǎn)底線。2012年以來，未發(fā)生重大鐵路交通事故，2019年鐵路運輸事故死亡人數(shù)和10億噸公里死亡率與2012年相比分別下降46.1%和53.8%。普通公路較大、重特大道路交通事故起數(shù)連續(xù)下降，發(fā)生較大以上等級事故和死亡人數(shù)與2012年相比分別下降55.9%和60%。2019年，未發(fā)生重大等級水上交通事故，較大等級以上事故和死亡人數(shù)與2012年相比分別下降68.5%和69.4%。民航實現(xiàn)運輸航空持續(xù)安全飛行112個月、8068萬小時的安全新紀(jì)錄。
Traffic safety management has significantly improved. Putting prevention first and adopting a comprehensive approach, China has further enhanced the system for ensuring safe transport, and improved the mechanism for controlling workplace risks and removing hidden dangers, with the goal of preventing serious and major traffic accidents and ensuring workplace safety.
No major railway accidents have occurred since 2012. In 2019, railway accident fatalities had dropped by 46.1 percent compared with 2012, the death rate per billion tonne-km by 53.8 percent; the number of serious and major traffic accidents on ordinary roads had lowered by 55.9 percent, and the number of fatalities by 60 percent. In water traffic, there were no serious accidents in 2019, and the number of serious accidents and deaths both decreased by 68.5 percent and 69.4 percent respectively compared with 2012. Civil aviation has achieved a new safety record of almost 81 million hours of continuous safe flight in 112 months.
交通應(yīng)急保障能力顯著提升。加強交通應(yīng)急保障能力建設(shè)，及時防范化解交通重大安全風(fēng)險，有效應(yīng)對處置各類災(zāi)害事故。實施高鐵安全防護(hù)工程，推進(jìn)人防、物防、技防“三位一體”安全保障體系建設(shè)，集中開展高鐵沿線環(huán)境綜合整治，消除高鐵沿線環(huán)境安全隱患6.4萬處，深入推進(jìn)普速鐵路安全環(huán)境整治。實施鄉(xiāng)道及以上公路安全保障工程和安全生命防護(hù)工程，累計實施88.9萬公里，改造危橋4.7萬座，車輛運輸車治理取得決定性成效。加強海上搜救和重大海上溢油應(yīng)急處置，建立政府領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、統(tǒng)一指揮、屬地為主、專群結(jié)合、就近就便、快速高效的海上搜救工作格局，配備70余艘專業(yè)救助船舶、120多艘打撈船舶、20余架專業(yè)救助航空器，建立20余支應(yīng)急救助隊，基本建成以專業(yè)救撈力量、軍隊和國家公務(wù)力量、社會力量等為主要力量的海上搜救隊伍。2012年至2019年，全國組織協(xié)調(diào)海上搜救行動1.6萬次，派出搜救船舶7.2萬艘次、飛機2780架次，成功救助遇險船舶1.1萬艘、遇險人員12.2萬人，搜救成功率達(dá)96.2%。
Emergency response has markedly improved. China has strengthened emergency response capacity, prevented and defused major safety risks in a timely manner, and effectively responded to disasters and accidents of all kinds. It has carried out projects to secure safety of high-speed railways, built a security system combining manpower, equipment and technology, and improved the security conditions along high-speed railway lines, removing 64,000 potential risks from the routes. Efforts have also been made to improve the safety of standard rail lines. The country has carried out safety and security projects covering 889,000 km of roads at or above the township level, renovated 47,000 unsafe bridges, and effectively disciplined the operation of transport vehicles.
China has strengthened maritime rescue and reinforced emergency response to major offshore oil spills. It has established a fast and efficient approach to maritime search and rescue that follows unified government leadership with the main responsibility on local authorities, and enlists help from both professional forces and the public in line with the principle of proximity and convenience. China is now equipped with more than 70 professional rescue vessels, more than 120 salvage vessels, more than 20 specialized rescue aircraft, and more than 20 emergency rescue teams. It has built a maritime search and rescue capability composed of professional rescue and salvage forces, the armed forces, government forces and social forces. From 2012 to 2019, the government organized 16,000 maritime search and rescue operations, dispatching 72,000 vessels and 2,780 aircraft, and rescued 11,000 vessels and 122,000 people in distress, with a success rate of 96.2 percent.
應(yīng)對突發(fā)公共事件處置能力顯著提升。科學(xué)高效應(yīng)對各類突發(fā)公共事件，健全工作體系，提升應(yīng)急能力。新冠肺炎疫情發(fā)生后，中國果斷做出“一斷三不斷”部署，適時推出鐵路“七快速”，公路“三不一優(yōu)先”，水運“四優(yōu)先”，民航客運“五個一”、貨運“運貿(mào)對接”以及郵政“綠色通道”等政策措施，一方面全力阻斷病毒通過交通工具傳播，另一方面保障全國各地應(yīng)急物資運輸和人民生活需求，為打贏疫情防控人民戰(zhàn)爭、總體戰(zhàn)、阻擊戰(zhàn)提供了有力支撐。
The capacity to deal with public emergencies has distinctly improved. China has enhanced its emergency response systems and capabilities, and has responded rationally and efficiently to various public emergencies. After Covid-19 struck, the Chinese government made resolute decisions to block the transmission of the virus and ensure the continuity of the transport network, the channels for emergency transport, and the transport of goods and materials essential for work and daily life. It introduced a series of timely policies and measures:
– ensuring the rapid handling and delivery of emergency supplies by rail;
– prioritizing and expediting free road access for emergency transport vehicles;
– giving priority to emergency transport waterway vessels in passing through locks, being piloted, anchoring and docking;
– allowing each Chinese airline to operate only one route per country with no more than one flight per week;
– matching supply and demand between air transport enterprises and international trade and foreign-funded enterprises; and
– opening fast postal channels.
These measures stopped any spread of the virus by means of transport and ensured the availability of emergency supplies and daily necessities, providing strong support for the all-out war against the epidemic.
五、推動構(gòu)建全球交通命運共同體
V. Building a Global Community of Transport for All
中國堅持互利共贏的開放戰(zhàn)略，深化與各國在交通領(lǐng)域合作，積極推進(jìn)全球互聯(lián)互通，積極參與全球交通治理，認(rèn)真履行交通發(fā)展的國際責(zé)任與義務(wù)，在更多領(lǐng)域、更高層面上實現(xiàn)合作共贏、共同發(fā)展，推動構(gòu)建全球交通命運共同體，服務(wù)構(gòu)建人類命運共同體。
Pursuing a mutually beneficial strategy of opening up, China expands cooperation with other countries in the field of transport, actively promotes global connectivity and engages in global transport governance. It earnestly fulfills its international responsibilities and obligations and pursues win-win results and common development through cooperation in wider fields and at higher levels, contributing to building a global community of transport for all, and promoting a global community of shared future.
（一）助力共建“一帶一路”
1. Contributing to Belt and Road Cooperation
共建“一帶一路”承載著人們的美好夢想。中國秉持共商共建共享理念，與有關(guān)國家加快推進(jìn)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施互聯(lián)互通合作，共同打造開放包容、互利共贏的高質(zhì)量發(fā)展之路，共同打造和平之路、合作之路、幸福之路。
The Belt and Road Initiative embodies great dreams. Following the principles of extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits, China joins hands with other countries to accelerate cooperation in infrastructure connectivity and build a high-quality development path that is inclusive and beneficial to all – a road of peace, cooperation and prosperity.
推動交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施互聯(lián)互通。注重發(fā)揮交通運輸對于推進(jìn)全球連通、促進(jìn)共同繁榮的基礎(chǔ)性先導(dǎo)性作用，加強與各國在交通互聯(lián)互通領(lǐng)域互利合作。扎實推進(jìn)巴基斯坦1號鐵路干線升級改造項目（ML1）、中尼（泊爾）跨境鐵路合作項目以及中老鐵路、中泰鐵路、雅萬高鐵建設(shè)。中國企業(yè)參與建成蒙內(nèi)鐵路、亞吉鐵路、巴基斯坦拉哈爾“橙線”軌道交通項目等鐵路。中歐班列累計開行突破3.1萬列、通達(dá)21個歐洲國家的92個城市。合作建成白沙瓦——卡拉奇高速公路（蘇庫爾——木爾坦）、喀喇昆侖公路二期（赫韋利揚——塔科特）、昆曼公路、中俄黑河公路大橋、同江鐵路大橋等公路、橋梁項目。參與希臘比雷埃夫斯港、斯里蘭卡科倫坡港、巴基斯坦瓜達(dá)爾港等海外港口的建設(shè)和運營。在有關(guān)國家積極參與和共同努力下，“六廊六路多國多港”的互聯(lián)互通架構(gòu)基本形成。以鐵路、公路、航運、航空為重點的全方位、多層次基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施網(wǎng)絡(luò)正在加快形成，區(qū)域間商品交易、流動成本逐漸降低，促進(jìn)了跨區(qū)域資源要素的有序流動和優(yōu)化配置。
Promoting connectivity of transport infrastructure. China recognizes the importance of transport in promoting global connectivity and shared prosperity, and thus strengthens win-win cooperation with other countries in transport connectivity. Steady progress has been achieved in cooperation on the Pakistan Main Line 1 (ML-1) upgrading project, the China-Nepal Cross-border Railway, the China-Laos Railway, the China-Thailand Railway, and the Jakarta-Bandung High-speed Rail. With the joint efforts of Chinese enterprises and their international partners, the Mombasa-Nairobi Railway, the Addis Ababa-Djibouti Railway, and the Orange Line metro train project in Lahore, Pakistan have been completed.
More than 31,000 China Railway Express Trains have made trans-continental voyages to Europe, reaching 92 cities in 21 European countries.
Cooperation between China and relevant countries has brought a number of road and bridge projects to completion, including the Havelian-Thakot section of the Karakoram Highway and the Sukkur-Multan section of the Peshawar-Karachi Motorway, the Kunming-Bangkok Expressway, the Heihe-Blagoveshchensk Highway Bridge, the Tongjiang-Nizhneleninskoye Railway Bridge and other road and bridge projects.
China has participated in the construction and operation of the Port of Piraeus in Greece, the Port of Colombo in Sri Lanka, the Gwadar Port in Pakistan and other overseas ports. With the active participation and joint efforts of the countries concerned, a connectivity framework consisting of six corridors, six routes and multiple countries and ports has taken shape.
A comprehensive, multilevel infrastructure network with railways, highways, shipping and aviation at its core is forming rapidly. As a result, the costs of cross-regional trade and goods movement have been gradually reduced, facilitating the orderly flow and optimal allocation of resources and other production factors across regions.
推進(jìn)國際運輸便利化。積極推進(jìn)政策、規(guī)則、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)“三位一體”聯(lián)通，為互聯(lián)互通提供機制保障。以共建“一帶一路”為合作平臺，與19個國家簽署22項國際道路運輸便利化協(xié)定；分別與比利時、阿聯(lián)酋、法國簽署機動車駕駛證互認(rèn)換領(lǐng)雙邊協(xié)議；與66個國家和地區(qū)簽署70個雙邊和區(qū)域海運協(xié)定，海運服務(wù)覆蓋沿線所有沿海國家；與26個國家（地區(qū)）簽署單邊或者雙邊承認(rèn)船員證書協(xié)議，與新加坡簽署電子證書諒解備忘錄，便利船舶通關(guān)，引領(lǐng)和推進(jìn)電子證書在全球航運業(yè)的應(yīng)用進(jìn)程；建立中歐班列國際鐵路合作機制，與22個國家簽署郵政合作文件，實現(xiàn)中歐班列出口運郵常態(tài)化運作；與100個國家簽訂雙邊政府間航空運輸協(xié)定，截至2019年底，中外航空公司在中國通航54個合作國家，每周運行6846個往返航班，與東盟、歐盟簽訂了區(qū)域性航空運輸協(xié)定。建立中日韓俄四國海上搜救合作機制，與印尼國家搜救局簽訂部門間海上搜救合作備忘錄。國際運輸便利化推動了中國與沿線國家合作更加緊密、往來更加便利、利益更加融合。
Facilitating international transport. China actively promotes the coordination of policies, rules and standards among countries so as to provide institutional support for connectivity. Under the framework of Belt and Road cooperation, it has signed 22 agreements on international road transport with 19 countries, reached bilateral agreements with Belgium, the UAE, and France on mutual recognition and exchange of motor vehicle driving licenses, and concluded 70 bilateral or regional shipping agreements with 66 countries and regions, with its shipping services covering all costal countries along the Belt and Road.
China has also signed agreements with 26 countries and regions on unilateral or mutual recognition of seafarer’s certificate of competency, and signed a memorandum of understanding on electronic certificates with Singapore to facilitate customs clearance of ships and the application of electronic certificates in the global shipping industry. An international railway cooperation mechanism has been established for China Railway Express to Europe, and China has signed postal cooperation agreements with 22 countries, realizing regular outbound mail traffic of China Railway Express.
China has signed bilateral intergovernmental agreements on air transport with 100 countries. By the end of 2019, Chinese and foreign airlines were operating air routes in China reaching 54 countries, with 6,846 round-trip flights every week. China has signed regional air transport agreements with ASEAN and the European Union.
China has established a cooperation mechanism for maritime search and rescue with Japan, the Republic of Korea, and Russia, and signed a departmental memorandum of understanding on maritime search and rescue with the National Search and Rescue Agency of Indonesia.
Thanks to these measures, China can enjoy closer cooperation, more convenient exchanges, and more shared interests with other countries along the Belt and Road.
（二）積極推動全球交通治理體系變革
2. Promoting Reform of Global Transport Governance
當(dāng)前，全球交通治理體系面臨一系列新課題，迫切需要變革創(chuàng)新，為全球發(fā)展提供更好助力和支撐。中國堅定支持多邊主義，積極推動全球交通治理體系建設(shè)與變革，努力為全球交通治理提供中國智慧、中國方案。
Currently, global transport governance faces a series of new challenges. To better facilitate and support global development, it urgently needs reform and innovation. China firmly supports multilateralism, actively promotes the evolution of the global transport governance system, and contributes China’s vision and approach to global transport governance.
共謀全球交通治理。中國作為負(fù)責(zé)任大國，認(rèn)真履行國際責(zé)任和義務(wù)。加入近120項交通運輸領(lǐng)域多邊條約，積極參與聯(lián)合國亞洲及太平洋經(jīng)濟(jì)社會委員會、鐵路合作組織、國際鐵路聯(lián)盟、世界道路協(xié)會、國際運輸論壇、國際海事組織、國際民航組織、萬國郵政聯(lián)盟等國際組織事務(wù)，多次當(dāng)選或連任國際海事組織A類理事國、萬國郵政聯(lián)盟相關(guān)理事會理事國，積極主辦世界交通運輸大會等國際會議。推動實現(xiàn)聯(lián)合國2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程框架下的交通領(lǐng)域可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)，攜手其他發(fā)展中國家推動交通可持續(xù)發(fā)展全球治理改革，為發(fā)展中國家發(fā)展?fàn)I造良好的國際環(huán)境。
Participating in global transport governance. As a major country that shoulders its international responsibilities and obligations, China has become a party to nearly 120 multilateral agreements on transport; it has taken an active part in the UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), the Organisation for Cooperation between Railways (OSJD), the International Union of Railways (UIC), the World Road Association (PIARC), the International Transport Forum (ITF), the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), the Universal Postal Union (UPU) and other international organizations. China has been reelected as a Category (a) Council member of the IMO and member of the councils of the UPU. It has hosted the World Transport Convention and other international conferences.
China is committed to undertaking all transport-related actions under the framework of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. It works with other developing countries to promote reform of global governance for sustainable transport, with the goal of creating a favorable international environment for developing countries.
推動全球氣候治理。中國高度重視應(yīng)對氣候變化，積極承擔(dān)符合自身發(fā)展階段和國情的國際責(zé)任，實施積極應(yīng)對氣候變化國家戰(zhàn)略。積極引導(dǎo)全球海運溫室氣體減排戰(zhàn)略的制定和實施，在全球航空減排市場機制制定和實施進(jìn)程中努力維護(hù)發(fā)展中國家權(quán)益，推動和引導(dǎo)建立公平合理、合作共贏的全球氣候治理體系，為全球生態(tài)文明建設(shè)和可持續(xù)發(fā)展貢獻(xiàn)力量。
Contributing to global climate governance. China attaches great importance to tackling climate change, actively undertakes international responsibilities and obligations that are commensurate with its stage of development and national conditions, and enforces a national strategy to proactively respond to climate change. It has played a leading role in formulating and implementing IMO’s initial strategy on the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from ships, and worked hard to safeguard the interests of developing countries during the formulation and implementation of the market-based measure – Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation. China strives for the establishment of a fair and rational global climate governance system directed towards cooperation and win-win results, with the goal of contributing to global eco-environmental progress and sustainable development.
（三）加強國際交流與合作
3. Strengthening International Exchanges and Cooperation
中國遵循平等互利、合作共贏的原則，與各國深入開展交通領(lǐng)域交流合作，不斷拓展廣度深度，推動構(gòu)建開放型世界經(jīng)濟(jì)。
In the spirit of equality and mutually beneficial cooperation, China seeks closer and broader cooperation with other countries on transport, to facilitate an open world economy.
擴(kuò)大開放合作“朋友圈”。依托中俄總理定期會晤委員會運輸合作分委會、中美交通論壇、中國－中東歐國家交通部長會議等平臺，深化交通可持續(xù)發(fā)展合作，為構(gòu)建新型國際關(guān)系發(fā)揮積極作用。秉持親誠惠容周邊外交理念，加強與周邊國家交通合作，推動建立中日韓運輸與物流部長會議、上海合作組織交通部長會議、中國－東盟（10+1）交通部長會議、中老緬泰瀾滄江－湄公河商船通航聯(lián)合協(xié)調(diào)委員會等合作機制，以及中俄、中朝界河航道航行管理機制。推動建立并參與亞太海事局長會議、中國－東盟海事磋商機制會議等區(qū)域合作機制。參與大湄公河次區(qū)域（GMS）、中亞區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作（CAREC）等機制下的交通合作，為促進(jìn)地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展作出積極貢獻(xiàn)。秉持正確義利觀，積極開展與相關(guān)國家的海事能力建設(shè)和技術(shù)合作項目，向其他發(fā)展中國家提供基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、規(guī)劃編制、能力建設(shè)等方面支持和援助。通過廣泛深入的交流合作，推動形成市場合作互利共贏、成果經(jīng)驗互鑒共享的開放新格局。
Broadening the global network of partnerships. Through mechanisms such as the Transport Cooperation Sub-Committee of the Committee for Regular Meetings between Chinese and Russian Heads of Government, the China-US Transportation Forum, and the China-CEEC Transport Ministers’ Meeting, China furthers cooperation in sustainable development of transport and plays a constructive role in building a new model of international relations.
Adhering to the principles of amity, sincerity, mutual benefit, and inclusiveness in its relations with its neighbors, China strengthens its cooperation with neighboring countries in transport. The following mechanisms have been established: the China-Japan-Korea Ministerial Conference on Transport and Logistics, the Meeting of SCO Ministers of Transport, the ASEAN and China Transport Ministers Meeting, the Joint Committee on Coordination of Commercial Navigation on Lancang-Mekong River among China, Laos, Myanmar and Thailand, mechanisms for the use and management of China-Russia and China-DPRK transboundary waterways, the Asia-Pacific Heads of Maritime Safety Agencies (APHoMSA) forum, and the China-ASEAN Maritime Consultation Mechanism. China has participated in transport cooperation under the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS), the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) and other frameworks, contributing substantially to regional economic development.
Guided by the principle of pursuing the greater good and shared interests, China actively engages in international programs on enhancing maritime capability and technological cooperation, and provides support and aid for other developing countries in infrastructure construction, planning and capacity building. Through broad and in-depth exchanges and cooperation, China has broken new ground in opening up featuring mutually beneficial market-based cooperation, experience-sharing and mutual learning.
開展國際抗疫合作。新冠病毒是人類共同的敵人。中國加強與其他國家交通領(lǐng)域抗疫合作，推動構(gòu)建人類衛(wèi)生健康共同體。推動國際海事組織向174個成員國、有關(guān)國際組織轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)《船舶船員新冠肺炎疫情防控操作指南》《港口及其一線人員新冠肺炎疫情防控工作指南》等多份文件。中國民用航空局向40多個重點通航國家民航部門分享《運輸航空公司、機場疫情防控技術(shù)指南》。國家郵政局通過萬國郵政聯(lián)盟向其192個成員國分享《中國郵政新型冠狀病毒防控指導(dǎo)手冊》。以視頻會議形式舉辦“中日韓運輸與物流部長會議特別會議”“中國－東盟交通部長應(yīng)對新冠疫情特別會議”“第19次中國－東盟交通部長會議”，發(fā)布部長聯(lián)合聲明。建立抗疫援助物資國內(nèi)綠色運輸通道，成立國際物流工作專班，實施包機串飛、商業(yè)航班、海陸聯(lián)運、中歐班列等多式聯(lián)運方式，全力支持做好抗疫援助物資運輸保障工作。截至目前，已向150個國家和7個國際組織提供了294批次抗疫物資援助和支持，向33個國家派出援外醫(yī)療專家組35隊262人。
Engaging in international cooperation in fighting Covid-19. The coronavirus is a common foe of all of humanity. China strengthens transport cooperation in Covid-19 prevention and control with other countries and promotes a global community of health for all. At China’s initiative, the IMO recommended and forwarded a number of protocols from China to its 174 member states and relevant international organizations, including Guidelines for Covid-19 Prevention and Control for Seafarers on Board Vessels and Guidelines for Covid-19 Prevention and Control for Ports and Their Frontline Staff. The Civil Aviation Administration of China shared with its counterparts in more than 40 countries Preventing Spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Guideline for Airlines and Preventing Spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Guideline for Airports. Via the UPU, China Post shared the Handbook for New Coronavirus Prevention and Control with 192 member states of the union.
China attended the Special Session of the Eighth China-Japan-Korea Ministerial Conference on Transport and Logistics, the China-ASEAN Transport Ministers’ Special Meeting on Covid-19, and the 19th China-ASEAN Transport Ministers’ Meeting via video links, and joint statements were issued after the events.
China has established domestic fast channels for the transport of materials to assist in the battle against Covid-19, and set up special task forces for international logistics. Through multimodal methods such as multi-stop chartered flights, commercial flights, sea-land multimodal freight and China Railway Express to Europe, it provides full support for transporting aid materials. So far, 294 batches of supplies have been provided to 150 countries and 7 international organizations, and 35 teams totaling 262 medical experts have been dispatched to aid 33 countries.
六、中國交通的未來展望
VI. Future Prospects for China’s Transport
中共十九大提出到2035年基本實現(xiàn)社會主義現(xiàn)代化、到本世紀(jì)中葉建成社會主義現(xiàn)代化強國的宏偉目標(biāo)，中共十九屆五中全會提出“加快建設(shè)交通強國”，中國的交通運輸迎來更加寶貴的“黃金時期”。
The 19th CPC National Congress laid out the goals for realizing basic socialist modernization by 2035 and developing China into a great modern socialist country by the middle of the century. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee proposed that we should accelerate the effort to build China into a country with a strong transport industry, which would bring in a period of good opportunities for the sector’s development.
交通高質(zhì)量發(fā)展更加緊迫。中國決勝全面建成小康社會取得決定性成就。進(jìn)入新發(fā)展階段，貫徹新發(fā)展理念、構(gòu)建新發(fā)展格局對交通發(fā)展提出了更高要求，也提供了更大空間。人民對美好生活的向往呈現(xiàn)多樣化、多層次、多方面特點，對交通運輸服務(wù)需求更加旺盛、更加多元。新一輪科技革命和產(chǎn)業(yè)變革加速推進(jìn)，給交通運輸帶來革命性變化。同時，國際環(huán)境日趨復(fù)雜，不穩(wěn)定性不確定性明顯增加，新冠肺炎疫情在全球傳播推動世界百年未有之大變局加速演進(jìn)，單邊主義、保護(hù)主義、霸權(quán)主義使國際產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈供應(yīng)鏈運轉(zhuǎn)嚴(yán)重受阻，氣候變化給生態(tài)系統(tǒng)安全及經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展帶來現(xiàn)實和潛在威脅。
A high-quality transport industry is a matter of urgency. Decisive progress has been made in China’s endeavors to secure a decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. The country has entered a new stage of development and worked to put into practice the new development philosophy, with a higher requirement and providing more room for transport to contribute to the new development dynamic. The Chinese people’s expectations of a better life have been growing in a multi-tiered and multi-faceted way, producing stronger and more diverse demands for transport services.
A new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation is gaining momentum and bringing tremendous changes to transport. Meanwhile, China is faced with a more complex international environment and increasing instability and uncertainty. The worldwide spread of Covid-19 has led to a level of profound worldwide change unseen in a century. Unilateralism, protectionism and hegemonism have seriously impeded international industry and supply chains. Climate change has posed real and potential threats to eco-environmental security and economic and social development.
面對國際國內(nèi)形勢的發(fā)展變化，加快構(gòu)建國家綜合立體交通網(wǎng)，建設(shè)人民滿意、保障有力、世界前列交通強國，既面臨機遇，也面臨挑戰(zhàn)。適應(yīng)新的生產(chǎn)生活方式變化，建設(shè)人民滿意交通，全面提升綜合交通運輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)效率和服務(wù)品質(zhì)的要求更高；服務(wù)國土空間開發(fā)保護(hù)和城鄉(xiāng)區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展，全方位提升交通保障能力，保持交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施適度超前發(fā)展、充分發(fā)揮交通先行作用的要求更高；服務(wù)經(jīng)濟(jì)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，轉(zhuǎn)變交通發(fā)展方式，提高安全智慧綠色發(fā)展水平，提升安全防控、應(yīng)急處置和救援保障能力，推進(jìn)治理現(xiàn)代化的要求更高；支撐全方位對外開放，強化交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施互聯(lián)互通，完善面向全球的運輸服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的要求更高。
Facing these changes in the international and domestic situation, China is moving faster in developing a national comprehensive and multidimensional traffic network, and reinforcing its strength in transport to satisfy the needs of its people, ensure adequate support for transport, and become a world leader in this field. They involve both opportunities and challenges.
China will adapt to changes in work and daily life, develop transport services that fully respond to public needs, and improve the efficiency and service quality of a comprehensive transport network. To serve the exploitation and protection of its land resources, and to ensure coordinated development between rural and urban areas and between regions, China will improve its all-round transport support capabilities, maintain a future-oriented approach to the development of its transport infrastructure, and optimize the leading role of transport in bolstering economic and social development. To serve high-quality economic development, China will transform the growth model of its transport industry, pursue safe, intelligent and green transport, improve its capacity in safety management and emergency response and rescue, and modernize its transport governance. To support opening up on all fronts, China will strengthen the connectivity of transport infrastructure and improve the globally-oriented network of transport services.
加快建設(shè)交通強國。進(jìn)入新的發(fā)展階段，中國交通堅持以人民為中心的發(fā)展思想，以高質(zhì)量發(fā)展為主題，以供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革為主線，牢牢把握“先行官”定位，適度超前，推動交通發(fā)展由追求速度規(guī)模向更加注重質(zhì)量效益轉(zhuǎn)變，由各種交通方式相對獨立發(fā)展向更加注重一體化融合發(fā)展轉(zhuǎn)變，由依靠傳統(tǒng)要素驅(qū)動向更加注重創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動轉(zhuǎn)變，構(gòu)建安全、便捷、高效、綠色、經(jīng)濟(jì)的現(xiàn)代化綜合交通體系，打造一流設(shè)施、一流技術(shù)、一流管理、一流服務(wù)，努力建設(shè)人民滿意、保障有力、世界前列的交通強國。
China moves faster to become a world leader in transport. In its endeavors to build a high-quality transport system fit for a new stage of development, China is committed to people-centered development, and pursues supply-side structural reform as its main task. Giving priority to transport in future plans, China will shift its focus from speed and scale to quality and efficiency, from independent initiatives to integrated multimodal development, and from traditional drivers to innovative forces. Our country will build a modern comprehensive transport system that is safe, convenient, efficient, green and economical, equipped with world-class facilities, technology, management and services.
到2035年，基本建成交通強國。現(xiàn)代化綜合交通體系基本形成，人民滿意度明顯提高，支撐國家現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)能力顯著增強。擁有發(fā)達(dá)的快速網(wǎng)、完善的干線網(wǎng)、廣泛的基礎(chǔ)網(wǎng)，城鄉(xiāng)區(qū)域交通協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展達(dá)到新高度?；拘纬啥际袇^(qū)1小時通勤、城市群2小時通達(dá)、全國主要城市3小時覆蓋的“全國123出行交通圈”和國內(nèi)1天送達(dá)、周邊國家2天送達(dá)、全球主要城市3天送達(dá)的“全球123快貨物流圈”，旅客聯(lián)程運輸便捷順暢，貨物多式聯(lián)運高效經(jīng)濟(jì)。智能、平安、綠色、共享交通發(fā)展水平明顯提高，城市交通擁堵基本緩解，無障礙出行服務(wù)體系基本完善。交通科技創(chuàng)新體系基本建成，交通關(guān)鍵裝備先進(jìn)安全，人才隊伍精良，市場環(huán)境優(yōu)良?；緦崿F(xiàn)交通治理現(xiàn)代化。交通國際競爭力和影響力顯著提升。交通運輸全面適應(yīng)人民日益增長的美好生活需要，為基本實現(xiàn)社會主義現(xiàn)代化提供有力支撐。
By 2035, China will have built up significant strength in transport. A modern comprehensive transport system will be in place to substantially improve public satisfaction levels and better support national modernization. Equipped with an advanced express network, sound trunk network, and extensive basic network, the system will raise the coordinated transport development in urban and rural areas to new heights.
The National 1-2-3 Travel Circle (one hour to commute in cities, two hours to travel within city clusters, and three hours to travel between major domestic cities) and the Global 1-2-3 Logistics Circle (one day to deliver within China, two days to deliver to neighboring countries, and three days to deliver to major global cities) will take initial shape, providing convenient combined transport of passengers, and economical and efficient multimodal transport of goods. China will make marked progress in developing intelligent, safe, green and shared transport, easing urban traffic congestion, and creating a barrier-free travel system.
The country will establish a sci-tech innovation system for transport, develop advanced and safe key equipment, train high-caliber professionals, and create a sound market environment. China will achieve the basic modernization of its transport governance. Its international competitiveness and influence in transport will be improved markedly. China will make all-round progress in transport to meet the people’s growing expectation for a better life and provide powerful support for achieving basic socialist modernization.
結(jié)束語
Conclusion
中國即將開啟全面建設(shè)社會主義現(xiàn)代化國家的新征程。進(jìn)入新的發(fā)展階段，中國交通將更好履行經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展“先行官”使命，踐行新發(fā)展理念，服務(wù)新發(fā)展格局，讓交通更加安全、便捷、高效、綠色、經(jīng)濟(jì)，為2035年基本實現(xiàn)社會主義現(xiàn)代化、本世紀(jì)中葉全面建成社會主義現(xiàn)代化強國提供堅實基礎(chǔ)。
China is engaged in an all-out effort to build a great modern socialist country. Transport will play a stronger part in leading economic and social development. China will implement the new development strategy and develop safe, convenient, efficient, green and economical transport to lay a solid foundation for achieving basic socialist modernization by 2035 and becoming a great modern socialist country in all respects by the middle of the century.
當(dāng)前，新冠肺炎疫情仍在全球蔓延，各國面臨疫情沖擊和經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退雙重挑戰(zhàn)，交通運輸對于全球團(tuán)結(jié)抗疫、推動經(jīng)濟(jì)增長十分重要。中國將秉持人類命運共同體理念，落實聯(lián)合國2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程，加強交通國際交流合作，與世界各國一道，更好推進(jìn)全球互聯(lián)互通、民心相通，為建設(shè)繁榮美好世界作出更大貢獻(xiàn)。
At present, the world is facing challenges from the Covid-19 pandemic and economic recession. Transport can play an important role in binding countries together and promoting economic growth during this difficult time. Upholding the vision of a global community of shared future, China will continue to implement the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and strengthen international exchanges and cooperation on transport. China will work with all other countries to promote global connectivity and stronger people-to-people ties, and make a greater contribution to building a better world.
