新疆的人口發(fā)展
Xinjiang Population Dynamics and Data
中華人民共和國國務院新聞辦公室
The State Council Information Office of the People’s Republic of China
2021年9月
September 2021
目錄
Contents
前言
Preface
一、新疆人口發(fā)展的歷史
I. Population Growth in Xinjiang
二、新疆人口的現狀
II. Latest Demographics of Xinjiang
三、維吾爾族人口的發(fā)展
III. Demographic Changes in the Uygur Population
四、新疆人口發(fā)展的現實必然性
IV. Factors Contributing to Xinjiang’s Demographic Development
五、新疆人口發(fā)展的趨勢
V. Xinjiang’s Population Prospects
六、關于境外反華勢力炒作的幾個問題
VI. Falsehoods Fabricated by Anti-China Forces
結束語
Conclusion
前言
Preface
人口是社會生活的主體，是人類社會存在和發(fā)展的前提。人類的一切經濟社會活動都與人口密切相關，人口發(fā)展關乎經濟發(fā)展、社會和諧、民族興衰、國家安全。
A healthy population is essential for the existence and development of human society. All economic and social activities are closely related to population. Its growth influences economic and social development, and national security and prosperity.
新疆地處中國西北、亞歐大陸腹地，自古以來就是多民族聚居地區(qū)。公元前60年，西漢中央政權在新疆地區(qū)設立西域都護府，標志著新疆地區(qū)正式納入中國版圖。2000多年來，新疆地區(qū)眾多民族經過誕育、分化、交融，形成了“你中有我、我中有你”的和合共生關系和多元一體格局。
Lying in northwest China and central Eurasia, Xinjiang has been a place inhabited by multiple ethnic groups since ancient times. In 60 BC, the Western Han Dynasty established the Western Regions Frontier Command to govern the Xinjiang area, officially incorporating the area into the Chinese territory. Over the following 2,000 years and more, various ethnic groups have emerged, divided and mixed there. Today they live together in harmony and have formed a diverse unity.
中華人民共和國成立前，新疆經濟社會發(fā)展落后，人口規(guī)模小，人口素質低，人均預期壽命短。1949年新中國成立后，新疆人口特別是少數民族人口數量快速增長，人口素質不斷提升，人均預期壽命大幅提高。今日新疆，經濟社會全面發(fā)展，社會大局持續(xù)穩(wěn)定，各族人民安居樂業(yè)，人口發(fā)展均衡健康。
Work to remedy the backward economic and social situation in Xinjiang began immediately after the founding of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 1949. The population of Xinjiang, particularly that of its ethnic minorities, has grown fast in both size and quality, and life expectancy has seen a substantial increase. Today, the region enjoys rapid growth in all areas and a stable and secure society. The ethnic groups there live in peace and contentment, and its population is experiencing healthy and balanced development.
一、新疆人口發(fā)展的歷史
I. Population Growth in Xinjiang
新中國成立前，新疆生產力水平低下，生產方式落后，各族人民深受外國侵略勢力、封建剝削階級和宗教特權階層的壓迫，生活極端困苦，生命毫無保障，人口增長緩慢。據考證，從公元前60年到公元18世紀中期的1800多年間，新疆地區(qū)人口一直沒有突破100萬。受戰(zhàn)亂等因素影響，1762年設立伊犁將軍時，新疆人口不足30萬。1884年，新疆建省?！断孳娭尽酚涊d，1887年新疆人口183.9萬人。1949年新疆和平解放時，人口達到433.34萬人。
Before the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the mode of production in Xinjiang was backward and its productivity was low. Oppressed by foreign invaders, feudal exploiters, and a privileged religious hierarchy, people of all ethnic origins in the region led an extremely hard life with little security.
The population grew very slowly. Historical data show that the population in this vast region never exceeded one million during the 1,800 years from 60 BC to the mid-18th century. When the Qing government set up the post of Ili General as governor of the region in 1762, the local population was less than 300,000, mainly because of the turmoil of war. The region became a province during the Qing Dynasty in 1884. According to Records of the Xiang Army, the population in Xinjiang was 1.84 million in 1887. It had grown to 4.33 million by the time of the peaceful liberation in 1949.
新中國成立后，新疆人口發(fā)展進入嶄新的歷史時期。隨著經濟社會的發(fā)展、人民生活水平的提高，特別是醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生條件的改善，新疆人口死亡率快速下降，自然增長率大幅上升。在國家大力開發(fā)建設邊疆、促進民族地區(qū)加快發(fā)展等方針政策的引領下，大批知識分子和青年積極響應國家號召奔赴新疆，支援邊疆建設。在人口自然增長與人口流入雙重因素的作用下，新疆人口迅速增長。1953年第一次全國人口普查數據顯示，新疆人口達到478.36萬人；1964年第二次全國人口普查數據顯示，新疆人口總量727.01萬人，11年間，新疆人口增加248.65萬人，年均增長率3.88%。到1978年中國實行改革開放前，新疆人口總量已增加到1233.01萬人，比1949年凈增799.67萬人，年均增長率3.67%。
Xinjiang entered a new period of rapid population growth after the founding of the PRC. On the one hand, following its economic and social development, living standards and health care improved, so that the mortality rate fell rapidly and the population growth accelerated markedly. On the other, large numbers of intellectuals and young people streamed into Xinjiang from other parts of the country in response to the government’s call to support the development of border areas and areas with large ethnic minority populations. According to data from the first national census conducted in 1953, Xinjiang had a population of 4.78 million, and by the time the second national census was conducted in 1964, its population had increased to 7.27 million, a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.88 percent. The number had grown to 12.33 million by the time China launched reform and opening up in 1978, an increase of 8 million compared to 1949, with a CAGR of 3.67 percent.
1978年后，新疆人口進入穩(wěn)步增長階段。根據全國人口普查數據，1982年新疆人口總量1308.15萬人，1990年增加到1515.69萬人，凈增207.54萬人，年均增長率1.86%；2000年達到1845.95萬人，比1990年凈增330.26萬人，年均增長率1.99%。
Xinjiang’s population continued to grow steadily after 1978. According to data from national censuses, the region had 13.08 million people in 1982, then up by 2.08 million to 15.16 million in 1990 with a CAGR of 1.86 percent, and up by a further 3.3 million to 18.46 million in 2000 with a CAGR of 1.99 percent.
21世紀以來，新疆人口進入平穩(wěn)增長階段。2010年第六次全國人口普查數據顯示，新疆人口達到2181.58萬人，比2000年增加335.63萬人，年均增長率1.68%；2020年第七次全國人口普查初步匯總數據顯示，新疆人口達到2585.23萬人，比2010年增加403.65萬人，年均增長率1.71%。2000年至2020年這一階段，新疆人口增長有所放緩，但年均增長率仍比全國平均水平高出1.15個百分點。
The steady growth trend has continued into the 21st century. According to data from the sixth national census conducted in 2010, the population in Xinjiang was 21.82 million, an increase of 3.36 million with a CAGR of 1.68 percent over 2000. Preliminary data from the seventh national census conducted in 2020 showed that the number increased by 4.04 million to reach 25.85 million with a CAGR of 1.71 percent. From 2000 to 2020, Xinjiang’s population growth slowed down, but was still 1.15 percentage points higher than the national average in CAGR.
二、新疆人口的現狀
II. Latest Demographics of Xinjiang
2020年第七次全國人口普查初步匯總數據顯示，新疆總人口2585.23萬人，漢族人口1092.01萬人，少數民族人口1493.22萬人。與第六次全國人口普查相比，10年間，新疆人口增速居全國第4位，人口增量居全國第8位，人口總量的排位由第25位上升到第21位。
According to preliminary data from the seventh national census in 2020, the total population of Xinjiang was 25.85 million, among which the Han ethnic group numbered 10.92 million, and ethnic minorities 14.93 million.
Compared with the data from the sixth national census in 2010, Xinjiang ranked fourth among 31 provinces and equivalent administrative units on China’s mainland in terms of the population growth rate. It ranked eighth in terms of the actual increase in population over that period. By 2020, Xinjiang’s total population ranking had risen from 25th to 21st in the country.
從性別結構看，新疆人口中，男性人口1335.44萬人，占總人口的51.66%；女性人口1249.8萬人，占總人口的48.34%；總人口性別比（每100名女性相對應的男性人數）為106.85，與第六次全國人口普查基本持平。
Gender composition: Of Xinjiang’s population in 2020, 13.35 million (51.66 percent) were male while 12.5 million (48.34 percent) were female. The male to female ratio was 106.85:100, basically the same as in 2010.
從年齡結構看，新疆0－14歲人口580.62萬人，占22.46%；15－59歲人口1712.92萬人，占66.26%；60歲及以上人口291.7萬人，占11.28%。與2010年相比，0－14歲人口比例上升2.01個百分點，60歲及以上人口比例上升1.62個百分點。與全國平均水平相比，新疆0－14歲人口比例比全國的17.95%高4.51個百分點；60歲及以上人口比例比全國的18.7%低7.42個百分點，人口的老齡化程度相對較低。
Age breakdown: In 2020, there were 5.81 million in the 0-14 age group, accounting for 22.46 percent; 17.13 million in the 15-59 age group, accounting for 66.26 percent; and 2.92 million in the age group of 60 and above, accounting for 11.28 percent. Compared with 2010, the proportions of people in the age groups from 0 to 14, and 60 and above were up by 2.01 and 1.62 percentage points.
In 2020, Xinjiang’s share of people in the 0-14 age group was 4.51 percentage points higher than the national average of 17.95 percent; and its share of people in the age group of 60 and above was 7.42 percentage points lower than the national average of 18.7 percent. The aging of its population was relatively moderate.
從受教育程度看，新疆15歲及以上人口的平均受教育年限由2010年9.27年提高至2020年10.11年，比全國人口平均受教育年限9.91年高出0.2年，居全國第10位。與2010年相比，每10萬人口中擁有大學文化程度的由10613人增加到16536人；擁有高中文化程度的由11669人增加到13208人；擁有初中文化程度的由36241人降低至31559人；擁有小學文化程度的由30085人降低至28405人。
Education: The average years of schooling for people aged 15 and above rose from 9.27 years in 2010 to 10.11 years in 2020, 0.2 years higher than the national average of 9.91, and ranking 10th across the nation.
Compared with 2010, the number of people with university education rose from 10,613 to 16,536 per 100,000 persons; those with high school education grew from 11,669 to 13,208; those with middle school education dropped from 36,241 to 31,559; and those with primary education fell from 30,085 to 28,405.
從健康水平看，新疆人口2019年平均預期壽命74.7歲，比2010年提高2.35歲。嬰兒死亡率、5歲以下兒童死亡率、孕產婦死亡率分別由2010年的26.58‰、31.95‰、43.41/10萬降至2020年的6.75‰、10.91‰、17.89/10萬。2019年每千人執(zhí)業(yè)醫(yī)師數和醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機構床位數分別達到2.7人和7.39床，分別比2010年增加了0.58人和1.93床。
Health: The average life expectancy of people in Xinjiang was 74.7 in 2019, up 2.35 years from 2010. Infant mortality rate, mortality rate for children under five years of age, and maternal mortality rate went down from 26.58 per 1,000, 31.95 per 1,000, and 43.41 per 100,000 in 2010 to 6.75 per 1,000, 10.91 per 1,000, and 17.89 per 100,000 in 2020.
In 2019, practicing doctors and hospital beds per 1,000 persons numbered 2.7 and 7.39, up 0.58 and 1.93 over 2010.
從城鄉(xiāng)和流動人口結構看，2020年新疆城鎮(zhèn)人口1461.36萬人，鄉(xiāng)村人口1123.87萬人，分別占總人口的56.53%、43.47%。與2010年相比，城鎮(zhèn)人口增加527.79萬人，鄉(xiāng)村人口減少124.13萬人，城鎮(zhèn)人口比例上升13.73個百分點。新疆流動人口805.14萬人。其中，疆內流動人口466.07萬人，跨省流入人口339.07萬人。與2010年相比，流動人口增加406.11萬人，增長101.78%。
Rural, urban and floating populations: In 2020, there were 14.61 million people living in the urban areas of Xinjiang, accounting for 56.53 percent; 11.24 million living in the rural areas, accounting for 43.47 percent. Compared with 2010, the urban population increased by 5.28 million and the rural population decreased by 1.24 million. The share of urban population went up by 13.73 percentage points.
As of 2020, the floating population in Xinjiang numbered 8.05 million, with 4.66 million moving within the autonomous region and 3.39 million moving to Xinjiang from other parts of the country. Compared with 2010, the floating population grew by 4.06 million, an increase of 101.78 percent.
從區(qū)域分布看，新疆現有14個地（州、市），其中，北疆9個、南疆5個。歷史上，南北疆人口數量相差較大，南疆人口一度占全疆人口的三分之二以上。隨著經濟社會的發(fā)展，南北疆人口分布趨于平衡。2020年，北疆人口1330.91萬人，占總人口的51.48%，比2010年的1135.29萬人，增加195.62萬人；南疆人口1254.32萬人，占48.52%，比2010年的1046.29萬人，增加208.03萬人。
Regional distribution: Xinjiang now has 14 prefectural-level areas – 9 in northern Xinjiang and 5 in southern Xinjiang. In the past, there was a big population gap between north and south. The population of southern Xinjiang once accounted for over two thirds of the region’s total. This gap has been gradually bridged thanks to economic and social development.
In 2020, the population of northern Xinjiang was 13.31 million, making up 51.48 percent of the total, up by 1.96 million from 11.35 million in 2010. The population of southern Xinjiang was 12.54 million, accounting for 48.52 percent of the total, an increase of 2.08 million from 10.46 million in 2010.
三、維吾爾族人口的發(fā)展
III. Demographic Changes in the Uygur Population
新中國成立以來，新疆進入和平發(fā)展時期。1955年，新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)成立，黨和國家在新疆實行民族區(qū)域自治制度，堅持各民族一律平等，實施一系列特殊扶持政策，維吾爾族等少數民族人口進入了歷史上最好的發(fā)展時期。
Xinjiang has enjoyed peace and development since 1949. After the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region was established in 1955, the CPC and the central government implemented regional autonomy to ensure the equal status of all ethnic groups, and adopted a series of preferential policies to assist and support regional development. Ethnic minority groups in Xinjiang, including the Uygurs, entered an optimal period for development.
進入新世紀以來，維吾爾族人口從2000年的834.56萬人增長至2020年的1162.43萬人，年均增長率1.67%，遠高于同期全國少數民族人口年均增長率0.83%的水平。
These data show that since the founding of the PRC, the Uygur population has maintained a relatively high growth rate, a trend shared with the total population growth of the region.
In particular, the Uygur population grew at a CAGR of 1.67 percent during the first two decades in the 21st century, which was much higher than that of the country’s ethnic minority population, which stood at 0.83 percent.
從年齡結構看，維吾爾族人口與全疆人口相比，年齡結構輕。2020年維吾爾族0－14歲、15－59歲、60歲及以上人口占比分別為30.51%、60.95%、8.54%。2020年全疆0－14歲、15－59歲、60歲及以上人口占比分別為22.46%、66.26%、11.28%。
The Uygur population is on average younger than the overall region. In 2020, in the 0-14, 15-59, and 60 and above age groups, the Uygur proportions were 30.51 percent, 60.95 percent and 8.54 percent, while the overall figures for the region were 22.46 percent, 66.26 percent and 11.28 percent.
從受教育程度看，維吾爾族受教育水平不斷提高。第七次全國人口普查數據顯示，維吾爾族每10萬人中擁有大學文化程度的人口為8944人，與2000年相比增加6540人，15歲及以上人口受教育年限從2000年的7.06年提高到2020年的9.19年。
The education level of the Uygur population has also continued to improve. According to data from the seventh national census in 2020, 8,944 per 100,000 Uygurs had received a university education, an increase of 6,540 compared to 2000. The average years in education for those aged 15 and above also grew from 7.06 to 9.19.
從區(qū)域分布看，維吾爾族人口主要分布在喀什、和田、阿克蘇、克州等南疆四地州。據2020年全國人口普查數據，南疆四地州維吾爾族人口占當地人口的83.74%，占全疆維吾爾族人口的74.01%。其中，喀什、和田等地區(qū)，維吾爾族人口在200萬以上，阿克蘇地區(qū)接近200萬。
Xinjiang’s Uygurs are mainly distributed in Kashgar Prefecture, Hotan Prefecture, Aksu Prefecture, and Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture in the southern part of the region. According to data from the 2020 national census, Uygurs accounted for 83.74 percent of the population in these four prefectures, representing 74.01 percent of the total Uygur population in Xinjiang. The Uygur population has surpassed 2 million in both Kashgar and Hotan, and is approaching 2 million in Aksu.
四、新疆人口發(fā)展的現實必然性
IV. Factors Contributing to Xinjiang’s Demographic Development
新疆的人口發(fā)展，伴隨著工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化、現代化進程，經歷了高出生、高死亡、低增長到高出生、低死亡、高增長，正在向低出生、低死亡、低增長轉變，是經濟社會發(fā)展、政策法規(guī)實施、婚育觀念轉變等多重因素綜合作用的結果，符合世界人口發(fā)展的普遍規(guī)律。
Along with the process of industrialization, urbanization, and modernization, Xinjiang’s demographic development went through three periods of growth:
· high birth rates, high death rates and low growth rates;
· high birth rates, low death rates and high growth rates;
· low birth rates, low death rates and low growth rates.
This trend results from a combination of factors such as economic and social development, evolving policies and regulations, and changes in views on marriage and childbearing. It conforms clearly to general trends of demographic development elsewhere in the world.
從經濟社會發(fā)展看，新中國成立以來，新疆各項事業(yè)取得巨大成就。國內生產總值從1952年的7.91億元增長到2020年的13797.58億元。人均國內生產總值從1952年的166元提高到2020年的53593元。教育事業(yè)穩(wěn)步發(fā)展。1949年，新疆僅有1所大學、9所中學、1355所小學，學齡兒童入學率只有19.8%，文盲率在90%以上。經過70多年的發(fā)展，新疆已形成從學前教育到高等教育的完整教育體系。至2020年，村村建有幼兒園，小學3641所、普通中學1211所、中等職業(yè)學校（不含技工學校）147所、普通高校56所、成人高校6所，學前教育毛入園率達到98%以上，小學凈入學率達到99.9%以上，九年義務教育鞏固率達到95%以上，高中階段毛入學率達到98%以上。阿克蘇、克州、喀什、和田四地州實施從幼兒園到高中的15年免費教育。1951年至2020年，累計培養(yǎng)高校畢業(yè)生211.5萬人，其中少數民族學生76.7萬人，占36.3%。全民健康水平大幅提升。新中國成立前，新疆醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生事業(yè)極其落后，只有醫(yī)療機構54個、病床696張，每千人擁有病床0.16張、醫(yī)生0.019名。至2019年，新疆醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生體系全面形成，醫(yī)療機構遍布城鄉(xiāng)，共有18376個醫(yī)療機構、186426張病床。嬰兒死亡率由1949年的400‰以上降至2020年的6.75‰，人均預期壽命由1949年的不到30歲提高到2019年的74.7歲。
Economic and social development: Commendable results have been achieved in many fields in Xinjiang since the founding of the PRC. From 1952 to 2020, Xinjiang’s GDP grew from RMB791 million to RMB1.38 trillion, and per capita regional GDP increased from RMB166 to RMB53,593.
Steady progress has been made in education. In 1949, Xinjiang had only 1 college, 9 secondary schools, and 1,355 primary schools. Only 19.8 percent of school-age children were receiving education at school and the illiteracy rate was over 90 percent. In the 70 years since, a complete education system with institutions providing education from preschool through higher education has been put in place. By 2020, Xinjiang had kindergartens in all villages, and 3,641 primary schools, 1,211 regular secondary schools, 147 secondary vocational schools (excluding skilled workers schools), 56 higher education institutions, and 6 adult colleges across the region. The gross enrollment rate of preschool institutions was over 98 percent, the net enrollment rate of primary schools was almost 100 percent, the completion rate of nine-year compulsory education was over 95 percent, and the gross enrollment rate of high schools was over 98 percent. In Kashgar, Hotan, Aksu, and Kizilsu prefectures, 15-year free education lasting from preschool to high school is available. From 1951 to 2020, Xinjiang produced a total of nearly 2.12 million college graduates, of whom 767,000 (36.3 percent) are ethnic minorities.
A significant improvement has been seen in public health. Before the founding of the PRC, Xinjiang was poorly provided with medical services. It had only 54 medical institutions with 696 beds, placing the medical service capacity at 0.16 beds and 0.019 doctors per 1,000 people. By 2019, a basic health care system had been set up, with 18,376 medical institutions covering urban and rural areas, providing a total of 186,426 beds. The infant mortality rate dropped from over 400 per 1,000 in 1949 to 6.75 per 1,000 in 2020. The average life expectancy rose from less than 30 in 1949 to 74.7 in 2019.
從政策法規(guī)實施看，中國實行計劃生育經歷了先內地后邊疆、先城市后農村、先漢族后少數民族的過程，對少數民族執(zhí)行有別于漢族的相對寬松政策。新疆依據國家法律法規(guī)，結合本地實際制定計劃生育相關政策。20世紀70年代初，在漢族人口中先實行計劃生育；80年代中后期，開始在少數民族中鼓勵計劃生育。1992年發(fā)布的《新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)計劃生育辦法》明確規(guī)定，漢族城鎮(zhèn)居民一對夫妻生育1個子女，農牧民可生育2個子女；少數民族城鎮(zhèn)居民一對夫妻可生育2個子女，農牧民可生育3個子女；人口較少民族不實行計劃生育。這一差別化生育政策是新疆少數民族人口保持較快增長的重要原因。隨著經濟社會發(fā)展和各族群眾生育意愿趨同，2017年新疆修訂《新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)人口與計劃生育條例》，規(guī)定各民族實施統一的計劃生育政策，即城鎮(zhèn)居民一對夫妻可生育2個子女，農村居民一對夫妻可生育3個子女。根據國家人口與計劃生育法律政策調整情況，新疆還將進一步調整和完善本地人口與計劃生育法規(guī)政策。新疆在實行計劃生育過程中，始終堅持保障婦幼健康、預防降低出生缺陷、提高家庭生活質量等理念，越來越多的群眾知情自主選擇安全、有效、適宜的避孕節(jié)育措施，育齡婦女自愿接受輸卵管結扎術和宮內節(jié)育器放置術，大大減輕了各族婦女非意愿妊娠和頻繁生育負擔。
Evolving policies and regulations: The application of family planning measures in China was gradually extended from coastal and inland to border regions, from urban to rural areas, and from the Han people to ethnic minorities. Preferential policies were implemented for ethnic minority groups.
In line with local conditions and in accordance with state laws and regulations, Xinjiang formulated its own family planning policies. Family planning was first applied to the Han people in the region in the early 1970s, and ethnic minorities were exempt until the mid and late 1980s. The Measures on Family Planning released by the autonomous region in 1992 stipulated that urban Han residents could have one child per couple and those residing in farming and pastoral areas could have two, while for ethnic minorities, urban residents could have two children per couple and those in farming and pastoral areas could have three. Ethnic minority groups with smaller populations were not required to follow the family planning policy. This was one of the main reasons why the ethnic minority populations in Xinjiang maintained a rapid growth rate.
In parallel with the region’s economic and social development, the different ethnic groups began to develop similar expectations in terms of family structure. Therefore, Xinjiang amended the Regulations on Population and Family Planning in 2017, introducing universal family planning policies for all ethnic groups: two children per couple for urban residents and three per couple for rural residents. In line with future adjustments to national laws and policies regarding population and family planning, Xinjiang will further modify and improve relevant local regulations and policies.
從婚育觀念看，在過去相當長一個時期，新疆尤其是南疆地區(qū)，由于宗教極端主義滲透時間長、影響范圍廣、毒害程度深，大量群眾被套上沉重的精神枷鎖，正常的社會生活受到嚴重干擾，不少少數民族群眾在婚姻、家庭、生育等方面深受影響，早生早育、多生密育成為普遍現象。近年來，新疆依法開展去極端化工作，宗教極端主義干預行政、司法、教育、婚姻、醫(yī)療等現象得到有效遏制，各族群眾對宗教極端思想危害性的認識明顯提高，婚姻、生育、家庭觀念積極轉變，婦女經濟、社會和家庭地位不斷提高，各族婦女有更多機會接受中高等教育、參與經濟社會活動，婦女就業(yè)人數和比例大幅提升。僅以2019年為例，新疆城鎮(zhèn)新增婦女就業(yè)22.81萬人，占城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)人數的47.43%。晚婚晚育、優(yōu)生優(yōu)育日益深入人心，并成為社會新風尚。
Changes in views on marriage and childbearing: In the past, under the prolonged, pervasive and toxic influence of religious extremism, the life of a large number of people in Xinjiang and particularly in the southern part of the region was subject to severe interference – early marriage and childbearing, and frequent pregnancy and childbirth were commonplace among ethnic minorities.
In recent years, law-based deradicalization has been implemented in Xinjiang. The interference of religious extremism has been eradicated in administration, judicature, education, marriage and health care. The public has become more aware of the dangers of religious extremism. Their views on marriage, childbearing and family have changed accordingly.
The economic, social and family status of women of all ethnic groups has improved, allowing them more opportunities to obtain secondary and higher education, and take an active part in economic and social life. The number and proportion of women in employment have significantly increased. In 2019 for example, 228,100 women joined the workforce in cities and towns across Xinjiang, accounting for 47.43 percent of the total newly employed in urban areas.
Late marriage and childbearing, and sound maternal and child care have penetrated deep into the hearts of local people and become the mainstream social attitude.
五、新疆人口發(fā)展的趨勢
V. Xinjiang’s Population Prospects
隨著新疆社會穩(wěn)定紅利的持續(xù)釋放，未來一個時期，新疆人口特別是少數民族人口將保持穩(wěn)步增長，人口規(guī)模持續(xù)擴大，人口素質不斷提高，人口流動趨于活躍。
Benefiting from consistent social stability, Xinjiang’s population, in particular that of ethnic minority groups, will continue to maintain steady growth in the near term, improving the quality of the population and encouraging greater social and geographic mobility.
在人口數量方面，新疆少數民族年齡結構相對較輕，育齡婦女規(guī)模較大，少數民族人口的增長仍具潛力。隨著新疆落實國家優(yōu)化生育政策，實施一對夫婦可生育3個子女政策，并配套實施積極生育支持措施，將有利于促進人口總量穩(wěn)步增長。
The ethnic minority groups in Xinjiang have considerable potential to grow as they have a relatively young population and a large number of women of childbearing age. Implementation of China’s new childbirth policy that allows a couple to have up to three children, and support measures to boost birth rates will also promote steady population growth in Xinjiang.
在人口素質方面，伴隨經濟社會的不斷發(fā)展，新疆教育將進入高質量發(fā)展階段，教育改革進一步深化，學前教育普及普惠，義務教育均衡發(fā)展，高中階段教育全面普及，職業(yè)教育擴容提質，高等教育實力提升，各族群眾受教育程度不斷提高。新疆衛(wèi)生健康體系日趨完善，城鄉(xiāng)醫(yī)療設施條件顯著改善，各族群眾享有全方位、全周期健康服務，人口健康素質全面提升。與此同時，新疆將貫徹落實并不斷完善婦女權益保障各項法律政策，深入實施婦女發(fā)展綱要，持續(xù)改善婦女發(fā)展環(huán)境，促進男女平等，提升各族婦女綜合素質，倡導現代文明生活方式，使廣大婦女徹底擺脫宗教極端主義桎梏，積極參與社會經濟生活，實現自身價值，共享發(fā)展成果。
As a result of steady economic and social development, further reforms will also improve the quality of Xinjiang’s education system. To raise the level of educational attainment, Xinjiang will:
· ensure universal access to preschool education focused on public and non-profit kindergartens;
· balance the development of compulsory education;
· offer universal high school education;
· expand and improve vocational education;
· strengthen higher education.
The health care system in Xinjiang will also expand and improve. Medical facilities in both urban and rural areas will be upgraded, and the people will enjoy comprehensive lifecycle health services. Public health in Xinjiang will improve in all respects.
Xinjiang will strengthen the laws and policies protecting women’s rights and interests, and ensure that these are applied and respected. It will fully implement the National Program for the Development of Women, create an empowering environment for women, promote equality between the sexes, and raise the comprehensive quality of women. The region will advocate modern and healthy lifestyles, and encourage women to throw off the shackles of religious extremism and to participate in social and economic activities, so that they can realize their full potential and share development fruits with the rest of society.
在人口流動方面，新疆生活著漢族、維吾爾族、哈薩克族、回族等56個民族，呈現“大雜居、小聚居、交錯雜居”的特點。新疆深入推進以人為核心的新型城鎮(zhèn)化，到2035年基本實現城鎮(zhèn)化，一批新興城市將相繼建成，城市規(guī)模不斷擴大，城市聚集人口的效應不斷顯現。各民族廣泛交往、全面交流、深度交融，相互嵌入式社會結構和社區(qū)環(huán)境更趨完善成熟。受市場導向等因素影響，以上學、務工、經商、旅游等為目的的自發(fā)自愿人口流動，在城鄉(xiāng)之間、南北疆之間、疆內外之間將更加頻繁活躍。加之絲綢之路經濟帶核心區(qū)建設深入推進，以及新時代西部大開發(fā)帶來新機遇，新疆豐富的資源和區(qū)位優(yōu)勢將吸引更多外來人口前來投資興業(yè)和居住生活。
All of China’s 56 ethnic groups can be found in Xinjiang, with Uygur, Han, Kazak and Hui the largest groups. The ethnic groups generally choose to live among each other, while some live in concentrated communities of their own.
Xinjiang is promoting people-oriented urbanization and will realize basic urbanization by 2035. A group of emerging cities will grow, and the cities will expand and gather more people.
Different ethnic groups will increase exchanges in all areas, further integrate with each other, and form a more cohesive society with diverse neighborhoods. Driven by market and other factors, voluntary movements of people for schooling, employment, business and tourism will increase between urban and rural areas and both inside and outside the region.
With abundant resources and a favorable geographic location, Xinjiang will attract more investors and migrants to grasp the opportunities presented by further development of core areas on the Silk Road Economic Belt and the implementation of the national strategy to develop western China.
未來的新疆，社會更加和諧穩(wěn)定，經濟更加繁榮發(fā)展，就業(yè)更加充分，基本公共服務均等化水平明顯提高，多層次社會保障體系更加健全，各族群眾的獲得感、幸福感、安全感不斷增強，人民生活更加幸福美好。
In the future, Xinjiang will enjoy a more stable and harmonious society and a more prosperous economy. It will guarantee fuller employment, ensure equal access to public services, and establish a sound and multitiered social security system, so that all people in the region will lead better lives and have a stronger sense of fulfillment, happiness and security.
六、關于境外反華勢力炒作的幾個問題
VI. Falsehoods Fabricated by Anti-China Forces
近年來，境外反華勢力大肆炒作“強迫勞動”“強制絕育”“親子分離”“文化滅絕”“宗教迫害”等謬論，瘋狂歪曲抹黑新疆，攻擊詆毀中國政府的治疆政策，妄圖給中國扣上“種族滅絕”的帽子，妖魔化中國。世人皆知，聯合國大會1948年通過的《防止及懲治滅絕種族罪公約》對“種族滅絕”有明確規(guī)定，“系指蓄意全部或局部消滅某一民族、人種、種族或宗教團體”。對滅絕種族罪的認定，需要由有管轄權的國際司法機構嚴格依照相關公約和國際法規(guī)定的要件和程序進行。中國政府依法保障新疆維吾爾族等少數民族各項權利的鐵的事實與境外反華勢力的構陷形成鮮明對照。
In recent years, various anti-China forces have been accusing China of actions such as “forced labor”, “mandatory sterilizations”, “parent-child separation”, “cultural genocide”, and “religious persecution”. They smear Xinjiang, demonize China, and vilify China’s governance of the region with accusations of “genocide”.
The Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948, provides a clear definition of genocide – acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group. A country can only be convicted of genocide by a competent international judicial institution with proper jurisdiction, in strict accordance with the requirements and procedures stipulated by the relevant conventions and international law.
The Chinese government protects the rights of the Uygurs and all other ethnic minority groups in Xinjiang in accordance with the law. This fact stands in sharp contrast to the fabrications by anti-China forces.
1.所謂“強迫勞動”
1.“Forced labor”
境外反華勢力肆意編造“強迫勞動”謊言，抹黑中國反恐、去極端化工作，打壓新疆棉花、番茄、光伏等產業(yè)，破壞中國參與全球產業(yè)鏈合作，進而剝奪新疆各族群眾的勞動權、發(fā)展權，妄圖使其處于封閉落后的貧困狀態(tài)，進而在新疆制造混亂。
Through the lie of “forced labor”, anti-China forces malign China’s actions against terrorism and extremism, suppress the development of industries in Xinjiang such as cotton, tomatoes, and photovoltaic products, and undermine China’s participation in global industrial chain cooperation. Their acts effectively deprive the local people in Xinjiang of their rights to work and development and opportunities to move out of poverty and backwardness, with the intent of stirring up trouble in the region.
事實上，新疆始終堅持以人民為中心的發(fā)展思想，高度重視勞動就業(yè)和社會保障工作，大力實施積極的就業(yè)政策，充分尊重勞動者意愿，依法保障公民勞動權利，積極踐行國際勞工和人權標準，落實勞動保障法律法規(guī)，維護勞動者合法權益，努力使各族群眾都能通過辛勤勞動創(chuàng)造幸福生活、實現自身發(fā)展。2014年至2020年，新疆的勞動就業(yè)總人數從1135.24萬人增加到1356萬人，增長19.4%；年均新增城鎮(zhèn)就業(yè)47萬人，其中，南疆地區(qū)14.91萬人，占31.72%；農村富余勞動力年均實現轉移就業(yè)281.82萬人次，其中，南疆地區(qū)173.14萬人次，占61.44%。
Xinjiang is committed to the people-centered philosophy of development, attaches great importance to employment and social security, and implements proactive policies on employment. It fully respects the wishes of workers, protects the right to work in accordance with the law, and applies international labor and human rights standards. It implements labor laws and regulations, safeguards the legitimate rights and interests of workers, and strives to enable people of all ethnic groups to create a happy life and achieve their own development through hard work.
From 2014 to 2020, the total employed population in Xinjiang grew from 11.35 million to 13.56 million, up by nearly 20 percent. The urban employed population grew by an annual average of 470,000, of which 149,100, or nearly 32 percent, were in southern Xinjiang. An average of 2.82 million job opportunities were created every year for the surplus rural workforce, of which 1.73 million, or more than 61 percent, were offered to those in southern Xinjiang.
新疆在反恐和去極端化斗爭中依法設立的職業(yè)技能教育培訓中心（以下簡稱教培中心），與世界上許多國家推行的去極端化中心、社區(qū)矯正、轉化和脫離項目等，在本質上沒有區(qū)別。實踐證明，這是預防性反恐和去極端化的成功探索，完全符合《聯合國全球反恐戰(zhàn)略》、聯合國《防止暴力極端主義行動計劃》等一系列反恐決議的原則和精神。教培中心提升了學員使用國家通用語言文字的能力和就業(yè)能力，增強了學員的國家意識、公民意識、法治意識。2019年10月，教培中心學員全部結業(yè)。結業(yè)學員或自主擇業(yè)、或自主創(chuàng)業(yè)、或在政府幫助下就業(yè)，大都實現了穩(wěn)定就業(yè)。
In its fight against terrorism and extremism, Xinjiang has established vocational education and training centers in accordance with the law. There is no essential difference between these institutions and the deradicalization centers and community correction, transformation and disengagement programs in many other countries. There is a substantial body of evidence showing that this is an effective approach to preventive counter-terrorism and deradicalization, and it fully complies with the principles of counter-terrorism resolutions such as the UN Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy and the UN Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism.
The vocational education and training centers in Xinjiang have improved the trainees’ command of standard spoken and written Chinese and increased their employability. These centers have also strengthened their sense of national identity, citizenship, and the rule of law. By October 2019, all trainees had completed their studies. Most of them have found stable employment, either by choosing their own jobs, by starting their own businesses, or with the help of the government.
一直以來，新疆各族勞動者包括教培中心結業(yè)學員，都是根據自己的意愿選擇職業(yè)，并依據《中華人民共和國勞動法》《中華人民共和國勞動合同法》等法律法規(guī)，本著平等自愿、協商一致原則，與有關用工單位簽訂勞動合同，獲得相應報酬，不存在任何強迫行為。
Workers of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang, including graduates from the vocational education and training centers, always choose their jobs of their own volition. In line with the principles of equality, free will, and consensus, and in accordance with laws and regulations such as the Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law, they sign labor contracts with employers and receive their salaries. There is no coercion of any kind.
2.所謂“強制絕育”
2.“Mandatory sterilizations”
境外反華勢力采取數據造假、無中生有、妄加揣測、玩弄數字游戲等手段，炮制虛假報告，誣稱“新疆對維吾爾族等少數民族采取強制性計劃生育政策抑制其出生率”，旨在進行“人口滅絕”。
By means of fabrication, unfounded conjecture, and data fraud, false reports have been concocted by anti-China forces, making accusations that Xinjiang is carrying out “demographic genocide” by forcing birth control on the Uygurs and other ethnic minority groups to suppress their birth rates.
眾所周知，中國是一個法治國家，憲法法律明確規(guī)定，國家尊重和保障人權，公民有生育的權利，也有依法實行計劃生育的義務。中國的計劃生育技術服務一直堅持國家指導和個人自愿相結合的原則，公民享有避孕方法的知情選擇權。新疆依法實行計劃生育，嚴厲禁止強制節(jié)育、強制孕檢等行為，各族群眾是否采取避孕措施、采取何種方式避孕，均由個人自主自愿決定，任何組織和個人不得干涉。廣大婦女享有根據自己身體及家庭情況選擇節(jié)育的自主權。隨著婦女地位的提高和婚育觀念的轉變，越來越多的婦女傾向于晚婚晚育、少生優(yōu)生，選擇長效避孕措施。一系列數據顯示，新中國成立以來維吾爾族人口增長長期保持較高水平，人口規(guī)模持續(xù)擴大，所謂“抑制出生率”“人口滅絕”完全是無稽之談。
China is a country under the rule of law. The Constitution and relevant laws stipulate unequivocally that the state shall respect and protect human rights, and that all citizens have reproductive rights and also the obligation to practice family planning. China follows the principles of government guidance and individual choice in providing technical services for family planning, and all citizens enjoy the rights to know about and to choose their own contraceptive methods.
Xinjiang implements its family planning policy in accordance with the law. Forced birth control and pregnancy tests are strictly prohibited. It is up to individuals to decide whether or not to use contraceptives and how to use them. No organization or individual may interfere with this freedom.
Women are entitled to decide on birth control based on their own physical and family conditions. With the improvement in women’s status and changes in views on marriage and childbearing, an increasing number of women are choosing to marry later and have fewer and healthier children. As a result, they are opting for long-term contraceptive methods.
Statistics show that the Uygur population has been growing steadily and significantly over the decades since the PRC was founded in 1949. Therefore, accusations of “suppression of birth rates” and “demographic genocide” are utterly groundless.
3.所謂“親子分離”
3.“Parent-child separation”
境外反華勢力謊稱，新疆“為實施大規(guī)模拘禁行動，設置寄宿制學?！保白柚咕S吾爾族父母、親戚或社區(qū)成員撫養(yǎng)其子女”，制造“代際分離”，“同化”維吾爾族。
Anti-China forces have created a fabrication that Xinjiang has set up boarding schools to deal with the fallout of its massive internment campaign and seeks to preempt any possibility on the part of Uygur parents, relatives or community members to recover their children, so as to create “intergenerational separation” and “assimilate” the Uygurs.
事實是，《中華人民共和國憲法》《中華人民共和國教育法》明確規(guī)定，中華人民共和國公民有受教育的權利和義務。公民不分民族、種族、性別、職業(yè)、財產狀況、宗教信仰等，依法享有平等的受教育機會?！吨腥A人民共和國義務教育法》也規(guī)定，縣級人民政府根據需要設置寄宿制學校，保障居住分散的適齡兒童、少年入學接受義務教育。設立寄宿制學校，是中國義務教育階段的通行做法。2020年全國小學寄宿生1087.8萬人，占小學在校生的比例為10.14%；初中寄宿生2301.17萬人，占初中在校生的比例為46.83%。新疆地域遼闊，總面積166.49萬平方公里，村鎮(zhèn)距離較遠，一些農牧區(qū)的群眾居住分散，家長接送孩子上學不便。開展寄宿制教育有利于鞏固義務教育普及水平、實現教育均衡發(fā)展，有利于集中優(yōu)質教育資源，保障教學質量，同時大大減輕學生家庭負擔。寄宿制學校學生周一至周五在校，周末及節(jié)假日在家，有事可隨時請假。學生是否寄宿，完全由家庭自愿選擇。所謂“親子分離”，完全是歪曲事實、造謠污蔑。
China’s Constitution stipulates that citizens shall have the right and the obligation to receive education. The Education Law further provides that citizens shall enjoy equal opportunity of education regardless of their ethnicity, race, gender, occupation, property, religious belief, etc. The Compulsory Education Law states that where necessary, the people’s government at the county level may set up boarding schools so as to ensure that the school-age children and adolescents who are dwelling in scattered areas receive compulsory education.
Establishing boarding schools is a standard practice in China’s compulsory education. In 2020, there were nearly 11 million primary school boarders across the country, accounting for about 10 percent of the total number of primary school students, and there were 23 million middle school boarders, or nearly 47 percent of the total number of middle school students.
The vast land of Xinjiang covers a total area of 1,664,900 sq km. Villages and towns are far from each other and residents in some farming and pastoral areas are sparsely distributed, making the daily travel between home and school very difficult for students who live at a distance.
Boarding schools can help consolidate universal access to compulsory education and promote balanced education. They are conducive to concentrating superior education resources and ensuring teaching quality. They can also greatly alleviate the burden on students’ families. Boarders live at school from Monday to Friday and at home on weekends and holidays. They can ask for leave whenever necessary. It is up to students’ families to decide whether to board or not. Claims of “parent-child separation” are a gross distortion of facts.
4.所謂“文化滅絕”
4.“Cultural genocide”
境外反華勢力捏造事實，誣稱新疆推廣普及國家通用語言文字，旨在“同化”少數民族，消滅少數民族語言文字和文化傳統，實施“文化滅絕”。
Anti-China forces claim that Xinjiang’s efforts to promote standard Chinese represent a campaign of “cultural genocide”, and that they are a means of “ethnic assimilation”, designed to eliminate the spoken and written languages and cultural traditions of ethnic minorities.
人所共知，國家通用語言文字是國家主權的象征，學習使用國家通用語言文字是每個公民的權利和義務。不僅中國如此，世界其他國家也是如此。學習和使用國家通用語言文字，有利于促進各民族交往交流交融，推動各民族發(fā)展進步。中國政府大力推廣和規(guī)范使用國家通用語言文字，依法保障各民族使用和發(fā)展本民族語言文字的自由?！吨腥A人民共和國教育法》明確規(guī)定“民族自治地方以少數民族學生為主的學校及其他教育機構，從實際出發(fā)，使用國家通用語言文字和本民族或者當地民族通用的語言文字實施雙語教育”。
The standard language of a country is a symbol of its sovereignty. Every citizen has the right and obligation to learn and use the standard language. This is true not only in China but also in the rest of the world. Learning and using the standard language helps different ethnic groups to communicate, develop and progress.
The Chinese government works hard to promote the use of standard Chinese, but it also protects by law the freedom of ethnic groups to use and develop their own spoken and written languages. China’s Education Law prescribes that in ethnic autonomous areas, “schools and other educational institutions dominated by ethnic minority students shall, according to the actual circumstances, use the standard spoken and written Chinese language and the spoken and written languages of their respective ethnicities or the spoken and written language commonly used by the local ethnicities to implement bilingual education”.
新疆依法開展國家通用語言文字教學，同時在中小學開設了維吾爾語、哈薩克語、柯爾克孜語、蒙古語、錫伯語等課程，充分保障了少數民族學生學習本民族語言文字的權利，有效促進了少數民族語言文化的傳承發(fā)展。少數民族語言文字在教育、司法、行政、社會公共事務等領域得到廣泛使用。
While carrying out the teaching of standard Chinese, Xinjiang also provides Uygur, Kazak, Kirgiz, Mongolian, Xibe and other language courses at primary and secondary schools, thereby ensuring the right of ethnic minorities to learn and use their own languages and effectively protecting their languages and cultures. Ethnic minority languages are extensively used in such areas as education, judicature, administration and public affairs.
中國政府高度重視各民族優(yōu)秀傳統文化的傳承、保護和發(fā)展。新疆加強文物資源保護傳承，交河故城、克孜爾石窟等6處文物被列入《世界遺產名錄》，樓蘭古城等133處文物公布為全國重點文物保護單位，9000余處不可移動文物得到有效保護。新疆積極搜集、保護、搶救了一批各民族古籍，如翻譯出版了瀕于失傳的《福樂智慧》，整理出版了蒙古族史詩《江格爾》等多種民間口頭文學作品。依托民族樂器制作技藝，維吾爾族桑皮紙制作技藝、地毯織造技藝、哈薩克氈繡和布繡項目設立了4個國家級非物質文化遺產生產性保護示范基地?！靶陆S吾爾木卡姆藝術”“瑪納斯”“維吾爾族麥西熱甫”等被列入聯合國教科文組織人類非物質文化遺產代表作名錄和急需保護的非物質文化遺產名錄。新疆堅持尊重差異、包容多樣、相互欣賞，充分尊重和保護各種民俗文化，實現多元文化和諧共處?！霸鼰魰薄胞溛鳠岣Α薄鞍⒁捞厮埂薄皫炷纷螐棾獣薄澳沁_慕大會”“花兒會”等深受各族群眾歡迎的民俗活動廣泛開展。這一系列事實證明，所謂“文化滅絕”完全是罔顧事實、顛倒黑白。
The Chinese government attaches great importance to protecting and developing the best of its traditional ethnic cultures. Xinjiang continues to strengthen the protection and preservation of cultural relics. Six cultural heritage sites, including the Jiaohe Ancient City Ruins and the Kizil Grottoes, have been in the UNESCO World Heritage List; 133, including the Loulan Ancient City Ruins, have been listed as key cultural heritage sites under state protection; and more than 9,000 other fixed cultural relics are well preserved.
Xinjiang has been active in collecting, preserving and rescuing ancient books of all ethnic groups. It has supported the translation and publishing of Kutadgu Bilig (Wisdom of Fortune and Joy), a Uygur masterpiece on the verge of being lost, and has enabled the publication of works of folk literature, including the Mongolian epic Jangar.
The Uygur Muqam and the Kirgiz epic Manas have been registered on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, and the Uygur Meshrep on the UNESCO List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding. The region has established four state-level demonstration bases for the preservation of intangible cultural heritage items. They produce ethnic musical instruments, Uygur mulberry paper, Uygur carpets, and Kazak embroidery handicrafts.
Xinjiang embraces cultural diversity and inclusiveness, and upholds mutual learning among cultures. The region fully respects and protects folk traditions, thus realizing the harmonious coexistence of different cultures. Folk festivals are widely celebrated, including the Han Lantern Festival, the Uygur Meshrep, the Kazak Aytes, the Kirgiz Kobuz Ballad Singing Fair, the Mongolian Nadam Fair, and the Hui Hua’er Folk Song Festival.
All of this demonstrates clearly that there is no truth in the accusations of “cultural genocide”.
5.所謂“宗教迫害”
5.“Religious persecution”
境外反華勢力污蔑新疆限制宗教自由，監(jiān)視信教群眾的宗教活動，禁止穆斯林封齋，強拆清真寺，迫害宗教人士。
Anti-China forces have spread false accusations that Xinjiang restricts freedom of religion, keeps religious activities under surveillance, prohibits Muslims from fasting, forcibly demolishes mosques, and persecutes religious practitioners.
尊重和保護宗教信仰自由是中國政府一項長期的基本國策?！吨腥A人民共和國憲法》明確規(guī)定，“公民有宗教信仰自由”“任何國家機關、社會團體和個人不得強制公民信仰宗教或者不信仰宗教，不得歧視信仰宗教的公民和不信仰宗教的公民”“國家保護正常的宗教活動。任何人不得利用宗教進行破壞社會秩序、損害公民身體健康、妨礙國家教育制度的活動”。
Respect for and protection of freedom of religious belief is a long-term basic national policy of the Chinese government. The Constitution stipulates that citizens shall enjoy freedom of religious belief, and that no state organ, social organization or individual shall coerce citizens to believe in or not to believe in any religion, nor shall they discriminate against citizens who believe in or do not believe in any religion. It also provides that the state shall protect normal religious activities, and that no one shall use religion to engage in activities that disrupt public order, impair the health of citizens or interfere with the state’s education system.
新疆依照國家憲法法律，保護公民宗教信仰自由，保障正常宗教活動有序進行。信教群眾依照教義、教規(guī)和傳統習俗，在宗教場所和自己家進行正常宗教活動，包括禮拜、封齋、過宗教節(jié)日等，完全遵從個人意愿，不受干涉和限制。新疆翻譯出版了中文、維吾爾文、哈薩克文、柯爾克孜文等多種文字的《古蘭經》《布哈里圣訓實錄精華》等宗教經典書籍，為各族信教群眾獲得宗教知識提供便利。關心關愛宗教人士，將教職人員納入社會保障體系，免費為其購買醫(yī)療保險、養(yǎng)老保險、大病保險、人身意外傷害保險等，每年進行健康體檢。重視伊斯蘭教教職人員的培養(yǎng)培訓，新疆現有10所伊斯蘭教院校，培養(yǎng)了一批較高素質的教職人員，有效保障了伊斯蘭教健康有序傳承。
In accordance with the Constitution and relevant laws, Xinjiang protects freedom of religious belief and ensures orderly practice of religion. Believers are free to engage in lawful religious activities, including worship, fasting, and observance of religious festivals, in accordance with religious doctrines, canons and traditions, at religious venues or in their homes. They face no inference and restriction in this regard.
Religious classics have been translated and published, including the Koran and Selections from Sahih al-Bukhari, in the Chinese, Uygur, Kazak and Kirgiz languages, so as to facilitate believers’ access to religious information.
The region cares for religious practitioners. It includes clerical personnel in the social security system by providing them with medical, old-age, serious illness, and personal accident insurance, as well as arranging for them to have free annual health checks. It attaches importance to the training of clerical professionals. There are 10 Islamic schools in Xinjiang, which have trained a contingent of high-caliber clerics, effectively ensuring the healthy and orderly development of Islam.
為滿足信教群眾正常宗教需求，新疆通過修繕、新建、遷建、擴建等措施，積極改善宗教場所條件，優(yōu)化環(huán)境布局。政府還出資對清真寺實施“七進兩有”（水、電、路、氣、訊、廣播電視、文化書屋進清真寺，主麻清真寺有凈身設施、有水沖廁所）、“九配備”（配備醫(yī)藥服務、電子顯示屏、電腦、電風扇或空調、消防設施、天然氣、飲水設備、鞋套或鞋套機、儲物柜），極大便利了宗教人士和信教群眾。所謂“宗教迫害”，完全是子虛烏有、惡意中傷。
To meet believers’ legitimate religious needs, Xinjiang has been actively improving the conditions of religious venues and their surrounding environments by means of renovation and relocation, expanding existing facilities and building new ones.
Mosques in Xinjiang have been equipped with running water, electricity, natural gas, telecommunications tools, radio and television facilities, libraries, and easy road access. Washing and cleansing facilities have been installed in congregational mosques for Juma prayers. Mosques also have medical services, LED screens, computers, electric fans or air conditioners, fire-fighting equipment, water dispensers, shoe coverings or automatic dispensers of shoe coverings, and lockers. All this provides greater convenience for religious believers. The accusations of “religious persecution” are completely baseless.
由上可見，境外反華勢力炒作的所謂新疆“種族滅絕”是徹頭徹尾的謊言，是對中國治疆政策和新疆發(fā)展成就的污蔑，是對國際法和國際關系基本準則的嚴重踐踏。美國等一些國家的反華勢力儼然以“人權衛(wèi)士”自居，無視自身對印第安人等土著居民犯下種族滅絕罪行的黑暗歷史，無視自身存在根深蒂固的種族歧視等系統性問題，無視自身挑起戰(zhàn)亂造成他國數以百萬計無辜民眾傷亡的人權污點，以己度人，賊喊捉賊，充分暴露了其在人權問題上的雙重標準和虛偽丑陋的霸權邏輯。
There is a wealth of evidence that the accusations of “genocide” in Xinjiang conjured up by the anti-China forces are devoid of any truth. They are a calumny against China’s Xinjiang policy and the successes achieved in developing the region, and a serious violation of international law and the basic principles of international relations.
Posing as “human rights defenders”, anti-China forces in some countries such as the United States ignore the dark history of their own countries, where real genocide was committed against indigenous peoples such as Native Americans. Along with sundry others, they turn a blind eye to the deep-rooted racial discrimination and other systemic problems in their own countries today, and to the stain on human rights spread by their relentless wars in other countries which claim millions of innocent civilian lives. Their hideous double standards, hypocrisy, and hegemonic mindset recall the infamous quote: “Accuse the other side of that of which you are guilty.”
結束語
Conclusion
新疆的人口發(fā)展是中國人口發(fā)展的縮影，也是新疆發(fā)展進步的寫照，是統一的多民族國家促進少數民族人口健康發(fā)展的成功范例。
Xinjiang’s demographic development, reflecting the situation across the nation, bears witness to the region’s social progress. It marks the success of a unified multiethnic country in ensuring the healthy population growth of its ethnic minorities.
70余年來，新疆人口快速發(fā)展，規(guī)模持續(xù)擴大，素質不斷提升，人均預期壽命穩(wěn)步提高，新型城鎮(zhèn)化、現代化加速推進，各族人民團結和諧，共同進步，幸福生活，充分展現了在中國共產黨領導下，新疆繁榮發(fā)展的光輝歷程。
Over the past 70 years, Xinjiang has seen rapid and steady population growth, improving population quality, higher life expectancy, and faster urbanization and modernization. All the ethnic groups enjoy unity, harmony, common progress, prosperity and happy lives under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC).
真理必將戰(zhàn)勝謬誤，正義終將戰(zhàn)勝邪惡。新疆人口的發(fā)展是經濟社會發(fā)展的必然結果，是工業(yè)化、現代化的必然結果，是過去任何一個歷史時期無法比擬的，也是任何尊重事實的人士都不會否認的。境外反華勢力編造所謂新疆“種族滅絕”的欺世謊言，企圖蒙蔽國際社會，誤導國際輿論，阻遏中國發(fā)展進步，這種用心險惡的圖謀注定不會得逞。
Xinjiang’s evolving demographics are a natural result of local economic and social development, and of industrialization and modernization. This success is unparalleled in history, and is apparent to any person who respects facts. Anti-China forces have fabricated stories of “genocide” in Xinjiang to deceive the international community, mislead international public opinion, and impede China’s development and progress. These malicious efforts will not succeed. Truth will prevail over falsehoods.
中國政府堅定不移維護國家主權、安全和發(fā)展利益，堅定不移促進各民族共同團結奮斗、共同繁榮發(fā)展，堅定不移貫徹新時代黨的治疆方略，堅持依法治疆、團結穩(wěn)疆、文化潤疆、富民興疆、長期建疆，努力建設團結和諧、繁榮富裕、文明進步、安居樂業(yè)、生態(tài)良好的新時代中國特色社會主義新疆。青山遮不住，畢竟東流去。新疆邁向現代化的進程是任何人任何勢力都無法阻擋的，新疆的明天必將更加美好！
The Chinese government will continue to safeguard China’s sovereignty, security, and development interests, and contribute to the common unity, development and prosperity of all ethnic groups. The CPC’s strategy for governance in Xinjiang in the new era will not change:
· governing Xinjiang in accordance with the law,
· maintaining stability through ethnic unity,
· strengthening cultural identity and bonds,
· bringing greater prosperity to the region and its people,
· developing Xinjiang from a long-term perspective.
It will continue to promote unity, harmony and cultural progress and strive for a prosperous and eco-friendly Xinjiang under socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, where people live and work in peace and contentment. Xinjiang’s march towards modernization will not be stopped by any force, and its future is bright and secure.
