一、賽事題型
初賽筆譯、口譯均為客觀題，滿(mǎn)分為100分，時(shí)間為60分鐘，共3種題型50道題。參賽選手不得使用任何紙質(zhì)詞典、電子詞典和工具書(shū)。
二、真題解析
初賽考查內(nèi)容包括翻譯職業(yè)道德、語(yǔ)言知識(shí)、詞句翻譯等。主要考查參賽選手對(duì)語(yǔ)法運(yùn)用、詞匯辨析、詞組搭配的掌握程度，以及推理釋義和閱讀理解能力。
（一）第1-20題為單項(xiàng)選擇。題干為英語(yǔ)或中文句子，要求考生基于語(yǔ)法知識(shí)、翻譯道德常識(shí)和對(duì)句意的理解，辨析詞匯、詞組，從每題所給的4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出正確選項(xiàng)。
1. If the translation assignment you have been given contains a lot of specialized technical terms of which you don’t have adequate knowledge, you should ________.
A. use plain language to circumvent the so-called “hard part”
B. try to find alternative expressions to represent such terms
C. do some research, consult specialists in this area and reference materials for better knowledge and proper terminologies before starting to do the translation
D. negotiate with your client and ask him/her what to do
【解析】
本題考查譯員職業(yè)道德準(zhǔn)則與行為規(guī)范。根據(jù)中國(guó)翻譯協(xié)會(huì)于2019年發(fā)布的《譯員職業(yè)道德準(zhǔn)則與行為規(guī)范》中的譯員職業(yè)道德準(zhǔn)則第三條“忠實(shí)傳譯”，譯員應(yīng)準(zhǔn)確理解并忠實(shí)于傳譯源語(yǔ)信息，不宜根據(jù)自己的意愿或觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行修飾或增刪等更改。A選項(xiàng)“使用通俗語(yǔ)言，回避所謂的難點(diǎn)”和B選項(xiàng)（試圖尋找其他說(shuō)法來(lái)表示這類(lèi)術(shù)語(yǔ)）均不符合“忠實(shí)傳譯”的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。D選項(xiàng)（與客戶(hù)協(xié)商，詢(xún)問(wèn)對(duì)方該如何處理）的做法過(guò)于消極，未能發(fā)揮譯員的主觀能動(dòng)性。
由于翻譯工作涉及大量專(zhuān)業(yè)領(lǐng)域，譯員在執(zhí)行翻譯任務(wù)過(guò)程中，會(huì)不可避免地接觸到大量專(zhuān)業(yè)性較強(qiáng)的文件，例如科技、法律、醫(yī)學(xué)、工程類(lèi)文件。一位合格的譯員不僅需要具備扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)言功底，還要了解不同領(lǐng)域的專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)。此外，對(duì)專(zhuān)業(yè)資料的搜集和查證能力，也屬于譯員的基本素養(yǎng)。當(dāng)遇到不夠熟悉的領(lǐng)域，或者專(zhuān)業(yè)性過(guò)于深入時(shí)，譯員應(yīng)當(dāng)做好充分的譯前準(zhǔn)備，主動(dòng)了解學(xué)習(xí)專(zhuān)門(mén)知識(shí)，請(qǐng)教專(zhuān)業(yè)人士，務(wù)必確保將專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)翻譯到位，方便譯文讀者的理解。因此，C選項(xiàng)正確。
2. ______ for the fact that she broke her arm, Shirley might have passed the exam.
A. Had it not been
B. Hadn’t it been
C. Was it not
D. Were it not
【解析】
本題為語(yǔ)法判斷題，考查的重點(diǎn)是虛擬語(yǔ)氣的倒裝句。從后半句Shirley might have passed the exam可以判斷出，該句為虛擬條件句，并且表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況。其句法結(jié)構(gòu)為：（從句）if+主語(yǔ)+had done，（主句）主語(yǔ)+should/would/might/could+have done。其中，如果從句中含有were，should，had等動(dòng)詞，可將if省略，同時(shí)將were，should，had等詞移至句首，因此原本的從句If it had not been the fact that...就倒裝為Had it not been the fact that...，故選A項(xiàng)。
參考譯文：要不是因?yàn)檠├娴氖直酃钦?，她可能已?jīng)通過(guò)了考試。
3. Now China tries to keep her population ______ by encouraging married couples of childbearing age to have three kids.
A. number
B. quantity
C. size
D. amount
【解析】
本題考查詞義搭配。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均可表示“數(shù)量”，但用法卻略有差異。number指人或物的數(shù)目，強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)的概念；quantity指事物的總量和總數(shù)量，側(cè)重大批計(jì)量，含準(zhǔn)確測(cè)量的意味；amount強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，指把所有數(shù)量、重量及度量歸并在一起得出的總數(shù)；size的基本意思是“大小”，可指尺寸、規(guī)模、身材等，也可指號(hào)碼、尺碼，與population搭配時(shí)，指人口規(guī)模。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，選擇C選項(xiàng)。
參考譯文：中國(guó)現(xiàn)在嘗試鼓勵(lì)育齡夫婦生育三個(gè)孩子，以保持人口規(guī)模。
4. Failure to fulfill the membership requirements listed in the agreement ______ him from the football club.
A. discharged
B. dismissed
C. disqualified
D. disfavored
【解析】
本題考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)discharge的主要釋義為“準(zhǔn)許某人離開(kāi)；釋放；解雇”等，B選項(xiàng)dismiss意為“解雇，免除，開(kāi)除”，C選項(xiàng)disqualify意為“取消資格，使不合格”，D選項(xiàng)disfavor為名詞，意為“不贊成；冷待；反對(duì)”。結(jié)合題干“failure to fulfill the membership requirements”（沒(méi)有達(dá)到會(huì)員要求），可以判斷只有C選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)義。
參考譯文：因?yàn)闆](méi)有達(dá)到協(xié)議中列出的會(huì)員條件，他失去了進(jìn)入足球俱樂(lè)部的資格。
5. Some observers fret that, Chinese consumers, burdened by rising debt, have started opting for cheaper goods.
A. 一些觀察員擔(dān)心，中國(guó)消費(fèi)者面對(duì)日益加重的債務(wù)負(fù)擔(dān)，開(kāi)始選擇更加便宜的商品。
B. 有些觀察員認(rèn)為，中國(guó)消費(fèi)者在債務(wù)重壓下已經(jīng)開(kāi)始選擇更便宜的商品了，這讓他們感到害怕。
C. 有些觀察者感到害怕，在債務(wù)重壓下，中國(guó)消費(fèi)者已經(jīng)開(kāi)始選擇更便宜的貨物了。
D. 有些觀察者認(rèn)為，在債務(wù)重壓下，中國(guó)消費(fèi)者已經(jīng)開(kāi)始選擇更便宜的貨物了，他們?yōu)榇耸謸?dān)心。
【解析】
本題考查句子翻譯。 Fret的英文釋義為to be worried or unhappy and not able to relax，也就是擔(dān)心、憂(yōu)慮的意思。Chinese consumers后面burdened by rising debt為插入語(yǔ)成分，用于描述中國(guó)消費(fèi)者所面臨的狀況或當(dāng)前的處境，即中國(guó)消費(fèi)者承受著日益加重的債務(wù)負(fù)擔(dān)，具體措辭可根據(jù)上下文來(lái)定。B、C、D選項(xiàng)均未表達(dá)出rising，也就是債務(wù)負(fù)擔(dān)不斷加重的意思。其次，goods既可以解釋為商品，也可以解釋為貨物。區(qū)別在于，商品通常是針對(duì)消費(fèi)者而言，而貨物則通常針對(duì)生產(chǎn)和供應(yīng)鏈中的各方，例如生產(chǎn)商、供銷(xiāo)商等。在考查譯文好壞時(shí)，除了考慮語(yǔ)義是否準(zhǔn)確、信息有無(wú)遺漏、詞匯搭配是否合適之外，還要考慮句子是否簡(jiǎn)潔明了?！坝^察員（者）認(rèn)為……他們對(duì)此十分擔(dān)心”這樣的表達(dá)顯得拖沓冗余，不如A選項(xiàng)文字簡(jiǎn)練。因此，在做這類(lèi)題時(shí)，不僅要從細(xì)節(jié)把關(guān)，排除錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)，也要考慮到整體文字風(fēng)格，找出最佳選項(xiàng)。
6. 要記住，工作面試時(shí)，你同樣也在面試這家公司。
A. Remember, when you’re interviewing for a job, you’re also interviewing with the company.
B. Remember, when you are interviewed for a job with a company, you are also interviewing that company.
C. Remember, your job interview, you are also in the interview the company.
D. Keep in mind that when you are interviewing for a job, you are also interviewing for that company.
【解析】
本題考查句子翻譯。工作面試為interview somebody，表示to ask someone questions in a formal meeting in order to find out if they are suitable for a job。當(dāng)somebody做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，這里應(yīng)該為be interviewed，應(yīng)排除A、D選項(xiàng)，C選項(xiàng)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)并不完整，因此選擇B選項(xiàng)更加合理。本題還要注意interview與介詞的搭配，interview for后面跟的通常是某項(xiàng)工作或某個(gè)職位。
（二）第21-35題為完形填空。題干為1篇英語(yǔ)短文，共15空。要求考生基于對(duì)上下文的理解，從每題所給的4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
Of the four ancient civilizations in the world, the Chinese civilization has the longest ______ (1) history. One important reason for this is that China has used the same language as the ______ (2) of its culture. The first emperor of the Qing Dynasty brought different states ______ (3) a centralized China with the same language system. It is worth noting that he initiated the building of the terracotta army. The warriors were later ______ (4) in Xi’an, the eastern starting ______ (5) of the ancient Silk Road. Lishan Mountain in Xi’an had been selected as a favored place for the emperor’s mausoleum due to its ______ (6) location.（節(jié)選）
1. A. continue B. continuous C. continued D. continuing
2. A. monument B. instrument C. cradle D. carrier
3. A. into B. within C. inside D. with
4. A. revealed B. excavated C. uncovered D. exposed
5. A. position B. venue C. point D. section
6. A. renowned B. unsung C. auspicious D. fortunate
【解析】
1. 本題考查單詞用法。空白處前面是形容詞longest，后面是名詞history，由此判斷空白處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)形容詞，與longest共同修飾history，因此排除A選項(xiàng)。B、C和D選項(xiàng)中的continuous，continued和continuing均可作形容詞使用，需要辨析三者之間的差異。continued和continuing意思相近，均表示 ongoing, existing as before（持續(xù)進(jìn)行的、已經(jīng)存在的），continuous的意思是happening/being without interruption, without space（連續(xù)不斷的，沒(méi)有中斷的）。結(jié)合常識(shí)，我們可以判斷這句要表達(dá)的意思是，在世界四大古文明中，中華文明是歷史最悠久、未曾中斷的文明。因此答案為B。
2. 本題考查詞匯搭配。該句的大意為“其中一個(gè)重要原因是，中國(guó)一直使用同一種語(yǔ)言作為文化的_______。”monument意為“紀(jì)念碑”；instrument意為“工具；樂(lè)器”；cradle意為“搖籃，發(fā)源地”；carrier意為“載體”。根據(jù)上下文，D選項(xiàng)所組成的“文化載體”更符合整句話要表達(dá)的含義，因此選D。
3. 本題考查固定搭配。 bring somebody/something into something的意思是to cause someone or something to be in a particular situation（使某人/某物進(jìn)入某種特定狀態(tài)）。本句要表達(dá)的意思是秦始皇將原本一盤(pán)散沙的大小邦國(guó)變成了一個(gè)中央集權(quán)國(guó)家，因此選擇A選項(xiàng)。
4. 本題考查詞義辨析。reveal意為“揭示；透露”，excavate意為“發(fā)掘，挖出（古建筑或古物）”，uncover意為“揭露，揭發(fā)”，expose意為“曝光，使顯露”，一般使用被動(dòng)“be exposed to”（暴露于……），因此選項(xiàng)B正確，意為“之后這些兵馬俑在西安被挖掘出來(lái)?！?/span>
5. 本題考查詞匯搭配。在The warriors were later ______ (4) in Xi’an, the eastern starting ______ (5) of the ancient Silk Road這個(gè)句子當(dāng)中，the eastern starting ______ (5) of the ancient Silk Road作為同位語(yǔ)成分，用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明西安的地理位置。starting point為固定搭配，表示起點(diǎn)，因此本句的意思是西安是古絲綢之路東端的起點(diǎn)。其他選項(xiàng)position意味“位置”、venue意為“地點(diǎn)”，section意為“部分；段”，均不符合原文含義。
6. 本題考查詞義辨析和搭配。本句大意為“驪山位于西安，因其______地理位置，一直是皇帝陵墓的首選之地”，由此判斷空白處應(yīng)該填一個(gè)感情色彩積極的形容詞。renowned意為“著名的”，unsung意為“被埋沒(méi)的，未被頌揚(yáng)的”，auspicious和fortunate為近義詞，不過(guò)fortunate表示coming by good luck or favorable chance也就是“幸運(yùn)的”，而auspicious表示showing signs that something is likely to be successful in the future（吉利的，吉兆的），因此選擇C選項(xiàng)“祥瑞之地”符合語(yǔ)義。
（三）第36-50題為閱讀理解。題干為3篇英語(yǔ)文章，每篇文章5題，共15題。要求考生基于對(duì)文章的理解，從每題所給的4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
Cultural industry is wide-ranging, covering numerous segments that are profitable on their own and have the potential to generate countless derivative niches. Suppose MGM plans to establish a venture in China to shoot a Hollywood film, it can count more on Chinese businesses for diverse support. MGM may look to Chinese partners for costume orders and rental, peripheral product marketing, and even box lunch supply around their movie studios. All these are exciting opportunities available to Chinese businesses. It is said that members of several cabaret (卡巴萊) show performing troupes are trying to learn English, and some dancing academies now offer courses on ballroom dance to accommodate the needs of dancers and future patrons. These are examples to illustrate how small businesses can identify the needs of big ones and figure out ways to meet them so that they can grow and expand before being taken over.（節(jié)選）
1. The underlined phrase derivative niches could be replaced by ______.
A. unexpected chances
B. auxiliary positions
C. additional opportunities
D. reproduced fortune
2. Which stakeholder is NOT mentioned if MGM makes a blockbuster in China?
A. Companies producing clothes worn by actors.
B. People sponsoring ballroom dance.
C. Small businesses serving box lunches.
D. Peripheral land owners with reduced rent.
【解析】
1. C。本題為詞義/語(yǔ)義題。本題要求從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇一個(gè)，替換劃線部分，因此該選項(xiàng)不僅要與劃線部分語(yǔ)義相近，而且能與上下文銜接自然。derivative意為“衍生的”，niche意為“合適的位置；（產(chǎn)品的）商機(jī)”，因此選擇C項(xiàng)，additional opportunities。
2. D。本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文段第三句及之后的內(nèi)容，點(diǎn)出了如果米高梅在中國(guó)拍攝大片，其利益相關(guān)者有哪些。例如，MGM may look to Chinese partners for costume orders and rental, peripheral product marketing, and even box lunch supply around their movie studios. 還有It is said that...and some dancing academies now offer courses on ballroom dance to accommodate the needs of dancers and future patrons. 將該題四個(gè)選項(xiàng)與這三個(gè)利益相關(guān)者逐一對(duì)比后可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，D不在其列，故為正確答案。
